Current fertilizer recommendations often neglect nutrient cycling across crop rotations. This study aimed to assess the decay rate and nutrient (N, P, K) release patterns of sorghum, black oat, and corn residues and their effects on corn yield in an integrated crop-livestock system. The experiment used factorial treatments based on two sward heights (high and low) and two nitrogen fertilization levels (N-Pasture at 200 kg N ha-1 and N-Corn at 0 kg N ha-1. Litter bags were collected at various intervals from each crop to measure nutrient release patterns and decomposition rates. The results showed that pasture height and nitrogen fertilization significantly influenced decomposition and nutrient release, affecting the subsequent grain crop phase. Potassium was released rapidly and in high amounts. Nitrogen fertilization during the pasture phase prevented nitrogen and phosphorus immobilization in black oat residue and reduced immobilization in corn residue.These findings highlight the importance of accounting for nutrient cycling and decomposition rates in fertilization strategies to enhance the sustainability of integrated crop-livestock systems.

As global concerns about climate change intensify, the need for effective strategies to reduce carbon emissions has never been more urgent. This paper explores the crucial role of data automation (DA) and decision support systems (DSS) in enhancing decarbonation efforts within the realms of solid waste management (SWM), wastewater treatment (WWT), and contaminated soil remediation (CSR). Specifically, the paper provides: (i) an overview of the carbon footprint (CFP) in relation to environmental management (EM) and the role of DA and DSS in decarbonization; (ii) DA case studies in areas of SWM, WWT, and CSR; (iii) 3. life cycle assessment (LCA) based DSS case studies in areas of SWM, WWT, and CSR; (iv) multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA) based DSS case studies in areas of SWM, WWT, and CSR; and (v) optimal contractual delivery methods based DSS case studies in EM practices. The analysis disclosed that adoption of DA and DSS in SWM, WWT, and CSR holds significant potential for decarbonizing these EM processes. By optimizing operations, enhancing resource efficiency, and integrating renewable energy sources, these technologies contribute to the reduction of GHG emissions and promote sustainable environmental practices. As the demand for more effective and eco-friendly solutions grows, the role of DA and DSS will become increasingly pivotal in achieving global decarbonization goals.

Diabetes mellitus, a chronic and non-transmissible disease, triggers a wide range of micro- and macrovascular complications. The differentiation of pancreatic β-like cells (PβLCs) from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) offers a promising avenue for regenerative medicine aimed at treating diabetes. Current differentiation protocols strive to emulate pancreatic embryonic development by utilizing cytokines and small molecules at specific doses to activate and inhibit distinct molecular signaling pathways, directing the differentiation of iPSCs into pancreatic β cells. Despite significant progress and improved protocols, the full spectrum of molecular signaling pathways governing pancreatic development and the physiological characteristics of the differentiated cells are not yet fully understood. Here, we report a specific combination of cofactors and small molecules that successfully differentiate iPSCs into PβLCs. Our protocol has shown to be effective, with the resulting cells exhibiting key functional properties of pancreatic β cells, including the expression of crucial molecular markers (pdx1, nkx6.1, ngn3) and the capability to secrete insulin in response to glucose. Furthermore, the addition of vitamin C and retinoic acid in the final stages of differentiation led to the overexpression of specific β cell genes.

This study establishes life cycle assessment model to quantitively evaluate and predict material resource consumption, fossil energy consumption and environmental emissions of plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs) by employing the GaBi software. the envi-ronmental impact of different vehicle working conditions, power battery degradation scenarios and mileage scenarios on the operation and use stage of PHEV, BEV and HEV is distinguished. The findings indicate that under urban, highway, and aggressive driving conditions, PHEVs' life cycle material resource and fossil fuel consumption exceed that of BEVs but are less than HEVs. Battery degradation leads to increased material resource consumption, energy use, and environmental emissions for both PHEVs and BEVs, en-vironmental emission of BEVs are more sensitive than those of PHEVs to the impact of power battery degradation. Among different-mileage scenarios, PHEVs demonstrate the least sensitivity to increased mileage regarding life cycle material resource consumption, with the smallest increase. Future projections for 2025 and 2035 suggest life cycle GWP of HEV, PHEV and BEV in 2035 is 1.21×104, 1.12×104 and 1.01×104 kg CO2-eq respectively, which is decreased by 48.7%, 30.9% and 36.1% compared with those in 2025. The out-comes of this study are intended to bolster data support for the manufacturing and de-velopment of PHEV, BEV and HEV under different scenarios and offer insights into the growth and technological progression of the automotive sector.

In the post-pandemic era, evaluating long-term immunity against COVID-19 has become increasingly critical, particularly in light of continuous SARS-CoV-2 mutations. This study aimed to assess long-term immunogenicity by analyzing booster shots’ impact and sera infection history collected in Makassar, Indonesia. We measured anti-RBD IgG levels and neutralization capacity (NC) against both the wild-type (WT) Wuhan-Hu and Omicron XBB 1.5 variants across groups of COVID-19 vaccinated individuals with no booster (NB), single booster (SB), and double booster (DB). The mean durations since the last vaccination were 25.11 months, 19.24 months, and 16.9 months for the NB, SB, and DB group, respectively. Additionally, we evaluated the effect of breakthrough infection (BTI) history, with a mean duration since the last confirmed infection of 21.72 months. Our findings indicate fair long-term WT antibody (Ab) titers, with the DB group showing significantly higher level than other groups. Similarly, the DB group demonstrated higher anti-Omicron XBB 1.Ab titer, which was insignificantly different from the other groups. Although the level of anti-WT Ab was moderate, we observed near-complete (96-97%) long-term neutralization against the WT pseudo-virus for all groups. There was a slight decrease in NC against Omicron XBB 1.5 compared to the WT among all groups; DB group, SB group, and NB group showed 80.71±3.9%, 74.29±6.7%, and 67.2±6.3% neutralization activity, respectively. Breakdown analysis based on infection and vaccine status showed that booster shots increase the NC against XBB 1.5. Individuals with BTI demonstrate a better NC compared to their counterpart uninfected individuals with the same number of booster shots. Our findings suggest that long-term immunity against SARS-CoV-2 persists and is effective against the mutant variant. Booster shots enhance the NC especially among uninfected individuals .

Individuals have different rumination patterns after experiencing traumatic events in different cultural backgrounds and situations. This study was aimed to explore the experience of Chinese young and middle-aged patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) to understand the content and nature of their rumination. Fourteen participants were selected using the purposive sampling method in XXX hospital from May 2023 to December 2023. Data were collected using semi-structured interviews and analyzed using Colaizzi’ s 7-step phenomenological method. The content of rumination in young and middle-aged patients with ACS can be summarized into 2 categories: non-adaptive rumination and adaptive rumination. Non-adaptive rumination included 3 themes: worry or anxiety, scare, and depression. Adaptive rumination included 4 themes: tracing of disease processes, enhancement of disease cognition, improvement of health awareness, and adjustment of lifestyle cognition. In conclusion, although Chinese young and middle-aged patients with ACS experience negative emotions after a traumatic cardiac event, they gradually make positive changes, and optimism and information support play important roles in this transition, which provide a fundamental understanding of rumination experiences in Chinese young and middle-aged patients with ACS and provide new data for healthcare providers when designing intervention programs to enhance post-traumatic growth in these patients.

This paper investigates the integration of SHM within the frame of Industry 4.0 technologies, highlighting the potential for intelligent infrastructure management through the utilization of Big Data analytics, Machine Learning, and the Internet of Things (IoT). The study also presents a success case focused on a novel SHM methodology for detecting and locating damages in metallic aircraft structures, employing dimensional reduction techniques such as Principal Component Analysis (PCA). By analyzing strain data collected from a network of sensors and comparing it to a baseline pristine condition, the methodology aims to identify subtle changes in local strain distribution indicative of damage. Through extensive Finite Element Analysis (FEA) simulations and a PCA contribution analysis, the research explores the influence of various factors on damage detection, including sensor placement, noise levels, and damage size and type. The findings demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed methodology in detecting cracks and holes as small as 2mm in length, showcasing the potential for early damage identification and targeted interventions in diverse sectors such as aerospace, civil engineering, and manufacturing. Ultimately, this paper underscores the synergistic relationship between SHM and Industry 4.0, paving the way for a future of intelligent, resilient, and sustainable infrastructure.

: Psychological members can provide college students with solid peer support and sustain their mental health. This study examined the relationship between empathy, interpersonal communication, listening and psychological members' competence among 407 university students, and also analysed the mediating role of interpersonal communication and listening. The results showed that psychological members‘ empathy, interpersonal communication, and listening were significantly and positively related to psychological members’competence, interpersonal communication mediated the relationship between empathy and competence, listening mediated the relationship between empathy and competence, and interpersonal communication and listening chained the mediating role between empathy and competence. This suggests that psychological members' empathy enhances their competence by influencing their interpersonal communication and listening, which in turn enhances their competence.

The exponential rise of bacterial resistance poses a threat to antibiotic efficacy, with a great impact on public health. This study aims to analyze the correlation between antibiotic consumption and the emergence of bacterial resistance. Conducted retrospectively at Charles Nicolle Hospital in Tunis, Tunisia from 2010 to 2022, this study was based on STKMED® software for antibiotic consumption data, hospital administrative records for the number of hospitalization days, and SIRSCAN® software for bacteriological data. Data processing was performed using Excel® software, and analysis was conducted using SPSS23®. In 2022, Consumption was almost evenly split between the two major “AWaRe” groups, with 49.33% for "Access" and 46.89% for "Watch", and the consumption of the "Reserve" group also increased, accounting for 3.77% of the total. Bacterial resistances, notably carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae, increased. Seventy-four significant correlations were identified, including those be-tween carbapenem consumption and resistance in Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae strains. However, no significant corre-lation was observed with imipenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains. The significant correlations between the emergence of bacterial resistance and antibiotic use, particularly with antibiotics in the "Watch" and "Reserve" groups, underscore the urgent need to continue efforts to combat this threat through rational antibiotic use.

The pathogenicity of grapevine geminivirus A (GGVA), a recently identified DNA virus, to grapevine plants remains largely unclear. Here, we report a new GGVA isolate (named GGVAQN) obtained from grapevine ‘Queen Nina’ plants with severe disease symptoms; the infectious clone of GGVAQN (pXT-GGVAQN) was also constructed. Infection assays indicated that Nicotiana benthamiana plants inoculated with GGVAQN display upward leaf curling and chlorotic mottling symptoms. Direct injection of Agrobacterium tumefaciens cells carrying pXT-GGVAQN into roots of in vitro-grown ‘Red Globe’ grape plantlets by syringe led to systemic infection with GGVAQN, and the plants exhibited chlorotic mottling symptoms on their upper leaves, and downward curling, interveinal yellowing, and leaf-margin necrosis symptoms on their lower leaves. Our results provide insights into the pathogenicity of GGVA, and a simple and efficient inoculation method to deliver infectious viral clones to woody perennial plants.

Uropathogenic E. coli (UPEC) is the main etiologic agent of urinary tract infections (UTI) and possesses virulence and resistance determinants commonly harbored in mobilizable genetic elements such as plasmids or pathogenicity islands (PAI). UPEC belongs to the group of Ex-traintestinal pathogenic E. coli, however the existence of hybrid strains has been described; these possess both diarrheagenic (DEC) and extraintestinal (ExPEC) E. coli traits and are considered as "hypervirulent strains," which represents a significant health problem. This study aimed to de-termine the prevalence of UPEC PAI, ExPEC sequence types (ST), DEC genes, carbapenemase and extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) phenotypes, fluoroquinolones/aminoglycosides resistance genotypes and the presence of plasmids in 40 clinical isolates previously characterized as UPEC. A 72.5% of the isolates presented PAI, mainly PAI IV536 (53%). Sixty-five percent of the β-lactam-resistant isolates were positive for ESBL phenotype, and 100% of the car-bapenem-resistant isolates were carbapenemase producers. The most prevalent ESBL-associated gene was blaCTX-M-2 (60%), while among isolates resistant to fluoroquinolones and aminoglycosides the most frequent resistance gene was aac(6')Ib (93%). Plasmid bands were present in 57% of the isolates. Seventy percent belonged to the ST131 clonal group. The presence of molecular markers associated with DEC pathotypes was detected in 20 isolates; 60% were classified as hybrid pathotypes. These data suggest, in addition to an important pathogenic potential, the existence of hybrid pathotypes in clinical isolates of E. coli causing UTI in the Mexican population.

In recent years, the chiral biological effects of nanomedicines have become a subject of widespread interest. The research focus has been on understanding the influence of material chirality on cellular transcription and metabolism. Stress granules are membraneless organelles formed through liquid-liquid phase separation of G3BP1 proteins and related compartments. They have been extensively studied and proven to be closely associated with cellular damage repair and metabolism. However, the role and mechanism of chiral nanomaterials in modulating stress granules remain unknown. The aim of this study was to investigate the expression and structural characteristics of stress granules under the individual influence of chiral nanomaterials and in combination with chemotherapy. To achieve this, we constructed a library of chiral ligand-modified materials and employed immunofluorescence, live-cell imaging, and fluorescence recovery after photobleaching assays. We also used proximity labeling techniques combined with proteomics analysis to identify the protein corona adsorbed on the surface of the nanomaterials and explore their relationship with nanomaterial chirality. Our results demonstrate that the assembly of stress granules is chiral-dependent and can be regulated by chiral nanomaterials. Furthermore, we achieved enhanced chemotherapy sensitivity in cancer cells and protected normal cells by exploiting the chiral-dependent modulation of material assembly in stress granules. This study provides important insights into the regulation of membraneless cellular structures based on chiral biological effects.

In recent years, the widespread introduction of bike-sharing systems in China has had a profound impact on the daily lives of Chinese citizens and the development of the urban transport system. This article attempts to analyse the impact of this phenomenon on sustainability. The gradual improvement of related monitoring measures has facilitated the maturation of the bike-sharing industry from the initial stage of uncontrolled growth to the current stage of standardised management. By tracing the global development of bike-sharing systems with a special focus on China, this study sheds light on the platformisation of bicycles and its multiple impacts on technical, environmental, cultural, economic and social sustainability. Furthermore, the study provides a comprehensive analysis of the transformation of bicycles in China and highlights the diverse impacts of platform-based bike sharing on various facets of Chinese society. The development of different bike-sharing systems in China is a unique and crucial case to interpret the current situation of bike-sharing and imagine future scenarios. In contrast to the prevailing and uniform approach derived from the experiences of Northern European countries, the massive and widespread experimentation with different bike-sharing schemes in China reveals not only potentials and aspects of sustainability, innovation and urban and social regeneration, but also some hidden shadows similar to those in small-scale contexts such as Northern Europe. Furthermore, the study emphasises the crucial role of sustainable development principles in addressing urban challenges specific to China.

Alzheimer's Disease (AD) presents a significant challenge in the wake of its multifaceted nature, characterized by cognitive decline, memory impairment, and neuroinflammation. Despite extensive research, effective pharmacological interventions remain elusive, prompting exploration into non-pharmacological approaches. Microcurrent therapy (MC), utilizing imperceptible currents, has emerged as a potent clinical protocol. While previous studies have focused on its therapeutic effects, this study investigates its impact on neuronal damage and neuroinflammation in an AD mouse model, specifically addressing potential side effects. Utilizing 5xFAD transgenic mice, we examined the effects of MC therapy on neuronal integrity and inflammation. Our findings suggest that MC therapy attenuates memory impairment and reduces neurodegeneration, as evidenced by improved performance in memory tests and preservation of neuronal structure. Additionally, MC therapy significantly decreases amyloid-beta (Aβ) plaque deposition and inhibits apoptosis, indicating its potential to mitigate AD pathology. Our study discovered that MC therapy effectively reduces glial activation by inhibiting the TLR4-MyD88-NFκB pathway, consequently leading to decreased levels of inflammatory factors TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6, thus implicating TLR4 in neurodegenerative disease-related neuroinflammation. Furthermore, while our study did not observe significant adverse effects, further clinical trial into potential side effects and neuroinflammatory responses associated with MC therapy is warranted.

Objectives: Metabolic interactions amongst mutated genes in myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) offer promising avenues for novel anticancer treatments. Our comprehensive study delves into these mutational and transcriptomic landscapes, pinpointing hallmark gene mutations and deregulated gene expression that could influence MDS patients’ metabolomes. Methods: The study utilized a retrospective, cross-sectional approach, employing mutational data on the cBio Cancer Genomics Portal conducted and reported by the University of Tokyo in 2011 and multi-center MDS cohorts regulated by Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, United Kingdom, all in 2020. For transcriptomic data, we selected three publicly accessible independent cohorts on the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database (GSE114922 in Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, United Kingdome, GSE63569 in University of Oxford, United Kingdome, and GSE183328 in CIMA, Spain) held in 2015, 2018, and 2022, respectively. To compile clinical, mutational, and transcriptomic data on MDS patients from multiple datasets and studies. This meta-analysis included genomic data derived from cellular genomics sources to assess mutations in specific genes, alongside an examination of transcriptomic data from three separate datasets that have been previously published. Results: DNMT3A presented a 20% mutation frequency, playing a pivotal role in MDS metabolomics. The DNMT3A gene mutations displayed significant mutual exclusivity with the SRSF2, ASXL1, JAK2, and TP53 genes. The mutational analysis also showed that the gene expression landscape in MDS is associated with alterations to DNA methylation pathways. Conclusion: This analysis suggests a potential therapeutic niche. Identifying signature genes in MDS that have metabolic and methylation affiliations could illuminate the disease's intricate biology and inspire novel treatments.

Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) is an essential fatty acid (FA) with proven health effects, whom bioavailability improvement is becoming a public health issue. Unlike fish oils, the bioavailability of DHA from microalgal (A) has not been fully assessed, particularly with regard to the molecular structuring capabilities offered by A-oil. We explored the impact of 5 formulas rich in DHA, different by i) the molecular structure: ethyl ester (EE) or monoglyceride (MG) or Triglyceride (TG) and ii) the supramolecular form: emulsified TG or TG+phospholipids (blend PL), on the lymphatic kinetics of DHA absorption and the lipid characteristics of resulting lipoproteins. We demonstrated that in rat, the DHA absorption of the conventional A-DHA TG structure was more effective than the EE structure (+ 23%). More, the A-DHA MG and A-DHA Emulsion were the most favourable DHA-vectors (AUC: 89% and +42%, respectively), thanks to an improved lipolysis. The A-DHA MG and -Emulsion presented the richest DHA content in TG (+40%) and PL (+50%) of lymphatic chylomicrons, which could impact the metabolic fate of DHA. We concluded that structuring A-DHA in TG or EE would be more prone for tissue and hepatic metabolism whereas in A-DHA MG and A-DHA Emulsion could target nerve tissues.

Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), a large group of developing contaminants, have recently become the subject of increased concern due to their potentially hazardous effects. They are classified as poisonous substances that can be found in a variety of aquatic situations. The widespread usage of PFAS across numerous industries has resulted in a high environmental and biological accumulation of the substance. Identification and elimination of PFAS from the environment is crucial since they are tenacious and have the potential to cause cancer. Traditional methods of PFAS content assessment, while useful in some cases, are often inadequate for continuing environmental control and monitoring. Within academia, there is a noticeable desire for rapid, cost-effective, durable, and readily transportable techniques targeted at detecting PFAS compounds in field settings. As a result, environmental labs and other governmental and non-governmental bodies may start testing more often as mandated by legislation. PFAS-detecting sensors, which offer an innovative solution that can be applied in situ and is affordable and simple to use, have emerged as a promising method for assessment based on the existing research. In addition, it may give administrators and users of water worldwide useful information they can use. This article provides a thorough summary of recent developments, limitations, and performance considerations in PFAS detection sensors. The Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) method has also been covered because of its excellent sensitivity and specificity for detecting pollutants, making it a potential solution for sensing PFAS. Intelligent sensing systems for PFAS detection should benefit from this research.

Plants endogenous hormones play an important role in resistance to soil lead (Pb) contamination. In order to explore the response of plant hormones to Pb stress, pot experiment was conducted to analysis the hormones contents, related gene expressions and Pb accumulation of Arabis alpina under Pb treatment and transporter (CAX(cation exchangers), HMA(heavy metal ATPase) and ABC(ATP-binding cassette transporter)) activities under foliage spraying auxin (IAA). The results showed that contents of total Pb and soluble components Pb (vacuoles) in roots and leaves of Arabis alpina increased with increase of Pb treatment concentrations. Compering to 100 mg·kg-1 Pb2+ treatment, Pb contents in soluble components of roots and leaves under 300 mg·kg-1 Pb2+ treatment increased by 896.3% and 238.8%, respectively. The contents of endogenous hormones in leaves and roots increased under Pb treatment concentrations. Comparing to control (0 mg·kg-1 Pb2+ treatment), contents of auxin in roots and leaves under 100 mg∙kg-1 Pb treatment increased by 176.19% and 585.29%, respectively. Auxin contents in xylem saps under 100 and 300 mg∙kg-1 Pb treatments increased by 283.14% and 100.30%, respectively. Gene expression related to auxin transport was up-adjusted. The expressions of three gene related to auxin-repressed 12.5 kDa protein and auxin-responsive GH3 family were down-adjusted. Under foliage spraying IAA, Pb contents in leaves increased by 29.81% and Pb content in symplast sap was higher than that with non spraying IAA treatment. The activities of CAX and HMA in roots of A. alpina increased by 9.62% and 8.79% with foliage spraying IAA treatment, while activity of ABC decreased by 21.94%. In general, contents of auxin and related genes expressions of A. alpina increased under Pb treatment, which enhanced activities of CAX and HMA resulting in Pb translocation through symplast pathway.

Treatment options for sarcopenia are currently limited, primarily relying on two main therapeutic approaches: resistance-based physical activity and dietary interventions. However, details about specific nutrients in the diet or supplementation are unclear. Our objective is to investigate the relationship between nutrient intake and lean mass, function, and strength. Data were derived from the Gothenburg H70 birth cohort study in Sweden, including 719 70-year-olds born in 1944 (54,1 % females). For independent variables, the diet history method (face-to-face interviews) was used to estimate habitual food intake during the preceding three months. Dependent variables were gait speed (muscle performance), hand grip strength (muscle strength) and appendicular lean soft tissue index (ALSTI). Linear regression analyses were performed to analyze the relationship between the dependent variables and each of the covariates. Several nutrients were positively associated with ALSTI, such as polyunsaturated fatty acids (DHA, EPA), selenium, zinc, riboflavin, niacin equivalent, vitamin B12, vitamin D, iron, and protein. After correction for multiple tests, there were no remaining correlations with handgrip and gait speed. Findings of positive correlations for some nutrients with lean mass suggest a role for these nutrients for maintaining muscle volume. These results can be used to inform clinical trials to expand the preventive strategies and treatment options for individuals at risk of muscle loss and sarcopenia.

Bipolar disorder (BD) is a high suicide-risk mental disorder. The purpose of this study was to identify the relationship between temperament and character traits with suicide probability, suicide attempt and perceived stress level in patients with BD. A total of 39 euthymic patients with bipolar disorder who had a history of suicide attempt and 39 euthymic patients without a history of suicide attempt were included in this study. Sociodemographic and clinical data form, Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS), Young Mania Rating Scale (YMRS), The Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-5-Clinician Version (SCID-5/CV), Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI), Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), Suicide Probability Scale were used for obtaining the data. HDRS, PSS and SPS scores of the group comprised of patients who attempted suicide were higher than the other group. There was no significant difference between the group of patients who had attempted suicide and the other group in terms of temperament characteristics. In the group of patients who had attempted suicide, self-directedness (SD) and cooperativeness (CO) scores were lower and self-transcendence (ST) score was higher than the other group. HA and ST were positively and SD negatively associated with SPS scores. In the regression analysis for suicide risk, the factors most associated with suicide risk were high HDRS and low CO score. Low SD in BD, high ST with CO may be associated with suicide attempt. Alongside low SD, high HA and ST may be associated with suicidal ideation. Treating residual depressive symptoms can reduce the risk of suicide.

This study investigated the chemical composition, and total phenolic content(TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), and antioxidant activity Reziz date pomace extracted using different solvent system. The recovery, bioaccessibility, and stability of bioactive compounds were evaluated using In vitro gastrointestinal digestion. The results showed that pomace rich source of fiber but low in fat, and protein. Extraction data revealed that methanol, and ethanol were the most effective solvent for TPC and TFC extraction with higher antioxidant activity. In vitro gastrointestinal digestibility significantly affected recovery, bio-accessibility and stability of bioactive compounds. The TPC, TFC, and antioxidant activities were significantly increased after the mouth digestion but decreased during the gastric and intestinal digestion. The bioaccessibility of polyphenol and flavonoid were 35.22% and 23.57% respectively after the intestinal digestion. The chyme insoluble fraction (pellet) showed higher bioactive compounds and antioxidant activity compared to the chyme soluble fraction. The high fiber content of the date pomace seemed to affect the bioaccessibility of the bioactive compounds. TPC or TFC and the antioxidant activity determined by DPPH and ABTS were found to have a positive correlation with the oral, gastric, and intestinal digestion. The GC-MS analysis of digested date pomace in mouth, gastric, or intestinal digestion revealed an increase in the number of peaks (compounds) compared to the undigested sample. According to these findings, Ruzeiz date pomace could be utilized as a bioactive ingredient source in formulation of functional foods to promote healthy life.

Laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is a head and neck cancer (about 5% of all cancers, and up to 95% of laryngeal cancers; more frequent in males than in females, ratio of 3.9/1) with characteristics depending on its location, with glottis, supraglottis, and subglottis being the most frequent. In African Americans, it appears at younger ages and has lower survival rates than in Caucasians, Hispanics, and Asians. Primary risk factors are tobacco and alcohol consumption. Treatments vary based on the site and stage of the tumor and include radiotherapy, transoral laser microsurgery, and surgery, including partial or total laryngectomy. This study aimed to map by immunohistochemistry four members of the Chaperone System (CS), namely Hsp10, Hsp27, Hsp60, and Hsp90, in laryngeal tissue during the progression from healthy stage to full malignancy, passing through dysplasia. The four chaperones increased in the tissues and changed distribution with the progression of carcinogenesis. The findings provide a histopathological platform for launching in-depth analyses of the mechanisms underpinning the role of the four chaperones in the development of squamous cell carcinoma of the larynx. Also, the data indicate that the four chaperones have potential as biomarkers for diagnosis, prognostication, and patient follow-up.

Drying grains in a fixed bed can be an interesting alternative to prevent undesirable breaks and fractures of solids due to mechanical shocks, something that cannot be avoided when drying in moving beds. A disadvantage of fixed bed drying is that there can be significant gradients in the critical variables if the layer of particulate solids is thick. This work shows that periodically changing the direction of drying air flow is an effective technique to reduce differences within the bed and allow better uniformity of the product. Drying in a thick layer of 10 cm of sorghum grains was carried out at 50 and 60oC for air flow velocity of 2.1 m.s-1. The results showed that despite increasing the total drying time, the technique actually allowed a significant decrease in the temperature gradients and moisture content of the sorghum grains. The change in direction of the air flow caused the drying front to be displaced, sometimes towards the top, sometimes towards the base of the bed. At 50oC, drying lasted a total of 240 min, bringing the sorghum grains to an average overall moisture content of 0.13 on a dry basis.

Climate change is unpredictable and can change rapidly or over time; anthropogenic stressors work synergistically to strengthen their impact on vulnerable ecosystems and the fisheries sector. This study documented the past occurrence of extreme climate change impacts, such as supertyphoon Pablo (ST: Bopha), which severely affected Baganga, Davao Oriental, about ten years ago. A mixed-methods data collection was used, combining semi-structured interviews with small-scale fishers (N=120) in four fishing villages and focus group discussions (N=4, participated by about 4 focus groups) on assessing the impacts and their adaptation after climatic events occurred. Our findings indicate that the four selected fishing villages were exposed to common factors of climate change events that destroyed many lives and their livelihood. Including a decrease in catch per trip and the fishing operations disruption (98%). However, due to the impact of the supertyphoon, small-scale fishers in Baganga developed psychological distress (emotional 44% and physical 24%) due to the extreme event or disaster and economic losses (32%). In order to survive, their adaptation strategies relied on government and non-government-provided provisions and projects, e.g., planting trees, constructing a sea wall with wave breakers, cash for work, and tourism as an alternative livelihood. Despite this, our study revealed that the community had limited knowledge on the impacts of climate change, lack clear management goals especially for fishers, and the widespread use of illegal fishing gears. The local government must strongly implement rules, policies, and adaptation measures that will contribute to better and more resilient communities. This can help them to withstand future shocks and provide sustainable fisheries resources that will benefit all the fishers. The study will be useful to policymakers, disaster management group and organization that will help assist affected communities highly affected by climatic events.

The impact of long-term soil and crop management practices on soil biological and chemical properties in oilseed brassica-based production systems were deliberated for holistic soil health improvement in the present study. Different tillage, crop residue re-cycling and cropping systems were studied for 5-years in 0-15 and 15-30 cm soil profiles. No-till permanent beds with crop residue (PB+R) noticeably improved soil organic carbon (SOC), microbial biomass carbon (MBC), enzymes [dehydrogenase (DHA) and alkaline phosphatase (AlP)], nitrogen fractions (available, nitrate and total), and available phosphorus and potassium content in both the soil layers compared to conventional tillage without crop residues. Though, the plow soil layer (0-15 cm) showed higher concentration of soil carbon, enzymes, N fractions and available P than in the sub soil (15-30 cm). The dynamic soil biological and chemical properties were also varied with the crop stage, and recorded higher MBC at 30 days, SOC and enzymatic activities at 60 days, and N fractions and available P and K at harvest of mustard crop. Green gram-mustard rotation showed higher values of biological and chemical parameters. Thus, the legume-based mustard crop rotation following no-till permanent beds and residue re-cycling found holistic in improving soil health, and nutrient cycling.

Background: Uncontrolled hemorrhage is a major preventable cause of death in patients with trauma. However, the majority of large animal models of hemorrhage have utilized controlled hemorrhage rather than uncontrolled hemorrhage to investigate the impact of immunopathy and coagulopathy on multi-organ failure (MOF) and mortality. This study evaluates these alterations in a severe porcine-controlled and uncontrolled hemorrhagic shock (HS) model. Methods: Anesthetized female swine underwent controlled hemorrhage (22 ml/kg) and uncontrolled hemorrhage by partial splenic resection followed with or without lactated Ringer solution (LR) or Voluven® resuscitation. Blood chemistry, physiologic variables, systemic and tissue levels of complement proteins and cytokines, coagulation parameters, organ function, and damage were recorded and assessed. Results: HS resulted in systemic and local complement activation, cytokine release, metabolic acidosis, hyperkalemia, MOF, and no animal survival. Resuscitation with LR and Voluven® after HS improved hemodynamic parameters (MAP and SI), metabolic acidosis, hyperkalemia, and survival but resulted in increased complement activation and worse coagulopathy. Compared with the LR group, the HS animal treated with Voluven® had worse dilutional anemia, coagulopathy, renal and hepatic dysfunction, increased myocardial complement activation and renal damage, and decreased survival rate. Conclusions: Hemorrhagic shock triggers early immunopathy and coagulopathy that appear associated with MOF and death. This study indicates that immunopathy and coagulopathy are therapeutic targets that may be addressed with a high-impact adjunctive treatment to conventional resuscitation.

With the continuous update of gene editing technology, great progress has been made in livestock breeding, researchers have produced gene edited pigs, cattle, sheep and other improved livestock. Gene editing technology is a genetic means to knock in, knock out, delete, inhibit, activate or replace specific bases of DNA or RNA sequences at the genome level to achieve accurate modification, and can edit genes at a fixed point without the need for DNA templates. In recent years, although regular clusters of interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/Cas9 system mediated gene editing technology has been widely used in animal genetic breeding research, but so far, the system's precise insertion efficiency of foreign genes is not high enough, and there are certain off-target effects, and it is not enough to be used in genome editing of large livestock such as cashmere goats. In this paper, the development status, challenges, application prospects and look into the distance of CRISPR/ Cas9-mediated precisiongene editing technology in livestock breeding were reviewed, in order to provide theoretical reference for livestock gene function analysis, genetic improvement and livestock breeding with local economic characteristics.

Accurate agricultural commodity price models enable efficient allocation of limited natural resources, leading to improved sustainability in agriculture. Because of climate change, price volatility and uncertainty for the sector are expected to increase in the future, increasing the need for improved price modeling. With the emergence of machine learning (ML) algorithms, novel tools are now available to enhance the modeling of agricultural commodity prices. This research uses both univariate and multivariate ML techniques to perform probabilistic price prediction modelling for the Canadian beef industry, taking into account beef production, commodity market, and international trade features to enhance accuracy. We apply multivariate algorithms by using support vector regression (SVR), random forest (RF), and adaboost (AB) and univariate algorithms by using autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA), seasonal ARIMA (SARIMA), and the seasonal autoregressive integrated moving average with exogenous factors (SARIMAX). We apply these models to monthly fed steer price data between January 2005 and September 2023 and compare predicted prices with observed prices using several validation metrics. The outcomes indicate that both random forest (RF) and adaboost (AB) in multivariate modeling show superior performance in accurately predicting Alberta fed steer prices in comparison to other algorithms. To better account for the variance of the best model performance, we subsequently adopted a probabilistic approach by considering uncertainty in our best-selected ML model. The beef industry can use these improved price models to minimize resource waste and inefficiency in the sector and improve the long-term sustainability prospects for beef producers in Canada.

Tea plants (Camellia sinensis L.) are economically important horticultural crops for industrial use. The drink (tea) obtained from them is used all over the world, and its functional activity is determined by the polyphenols content and composition. Its accumulation is regulated by the action of many environmental factors. This paper presents data on the different intensity (50, 75, and 100 µmol·m−2·s−1) and duration of light exposure on tea plant in vitro cultures. Changes in morphophysiological characteristics, accumulation of carbohydrates and polyphenols, including their monomeric (phenylpropanoids, flavanols) and oligomeric (proanthocyanidins) forms, were studied. The malondialdehyde and photosynthetic pigments (chlorophyll a and b) contents were also analyzed. In the calli grown in light conditions, chloroplasts and anthocyanoplasts formation was noted, which was especially pronounced under the highest illumination intensity. A significant similarity between the growth of callus cultures, the carbohydrates and polyphenols accumulation at 50 and 75 µmol·m−2·s−1 was established. Which wasn’t characteristic of the calli grown at 100 µmol·m−2·s−1. The stress reaction absence in tea callus cultures has been demonstrated, which may be a consequence of the phenolic antioxidants’ accumulation in them. The obtained data evidence that their potential ability to accumulate primary (carbohydrates) and secondary (polyphenols) metabolites depends on the light exposure intensity and duration.

Accurate and robust methods are needed to monitor crop growth and predict grain yield and quality in breeding programs under variable agrometeorological conditions. Field experiments were conducted during two successive cropping seasons (2021, 2022) at four trial locations (Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Norway). The focus was on assessment of grain yield (GY), grain protein content (GPC), and UAV-derived NDVI measured at different plant growth stages. Performance and stability of 16 selected spring wheat genotypes were assessed under two N application rates (75, 150 kg N ha−1) and over contrasted agrometeorological conditions were assessed, and the quantitative relationships between agronomic traits and UAV-derived variables were figured out. None of the traits were subject to a significant (p<0.05) genotype by nitrogen interaction. High-yielding and high-protein genotypes were detected with high WAASB stability, specifically under high and low N rates. This study highlights the significant effect of NDVI analysis on growth stages GS55 and GS75 as key linear predictors, especially in the context of spring wheat GY. However, the effect of these indices depends on the specific growing conditions in the respective locations, thus limiting their universal utility.

The Konya Closed Basin (Quaternary, Central Turkey) is a graben basin which expands toward the east-west and it is controlled by faults on three sides: The Konya fault zone in the west, the Divanlar fault zone in the east and the Karaömerler fault zone in the north. Calcretes developed in relation to fault systems in the Konya region are concentrated in areas where faults cut Quaternary aged terrestrial deposits. In this study, it is aimed to elucidate the deposition conditions, geochemistry and age (with ESR method) of the calcareous deposits associated with faults in the Konya Closed Basin. Calcretes in the region existing as coatings, dust, nodules and layers are in the form of dolocrete and clayey calcrete. Dolocretes were deposited in the Quaternary terrestrial sediments on the ophiolitic rocks and geochemical data point to an ultramafic source. Bacterial community, clay, quartz minerals and calcite cement are observed in the calcretes formed in areas with limestone basement. According to the results of ICP-MS analysis of samples taken from Konya calcretes, the %MgO contents are between 0.99 and 7.7; CaO%: between 34.71 and 50.71; %SiO2 between 3.22 and 20.59. %MgO in dolocretes are between 11.65 and 21.01; %CaO between 8.44 and 29.57; %SiO2 values between 4.48 and 9.17 The δ13C and δ18O isotope values of calcretes range from -3.87 to -7.62 and from -3.62 to -7.45 respectfully. Average δ13C values indicate that calcrete formation took place under pedogenic condition or in shallow groundwater. The calcretes deposited in 3 locations around the city of Konya (on the Konya fault zone) were dated by using the Electron Spin Resonance (ESR) method and ages between 217.47 and 389.85 ky were obtained. The calcrete samples taken from the fault planes (dip-slip normal fault bordering the Upper Cretaceous Ophiolitic Mélange and the Quaternary Karahüyük Formation) gave a relative age for faulting as being 292.86 ky. This first dating study conducted in the Konya Fault Zone has provided important clues to elucidate the formation history of Konya Closed Basin (KCB) and the paleo-seismological past of Konya.

We explored how dietary behaviors (sucrose, fructose, sodium, and potassium consumption) and endured psychological stress in young adult males and females impact the vascular aging index (VAI) and CVD risk by mid-life. Data were obtained from the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults Study, an ongoing longitudinal study. Included participants (n=2,656) had un-dergone carotid artery ultrasound at year 20 allowing VAIs to be calculated. Demographics, di-etary data and depression scores were obtained at baseline and year 20. Regression analyses were used to assess the predictors of VAI. Cox regression analyses were conducted to assess the risk of CVD, stroke and all-cause mortality. Predictors of vascular aging were found to be sex-specific. In females, CES-D scores at baseline were positively associated with VAI (B-weight=0.063, p=0.015). In males, sodium intake at year 20 positively predicted VAI (B-weight=0.145, p=0.003) and potassium intake inversely predicted VAI (B-weight=-0.160, p<0.001). BMI significantly predicted CVD, stroke, and death. Fructose consumption at year 20 was a significant predictor of CVD risk while having high blood pressure at baseline was signif-icantly associated with stroke risk. Our findings support the promotion of nutrient- specific be-havior changes to prevent vascular aging in early adulthood and CVD risk in mid-life.

Celtis sinensis is an adaptable species that is widely grown in southern China. In June 2022, a leaf blotch disease of C. sinensis was observed in Nanjing, Jiangsu, China. Based on morphological characterization, three isolates were identified as Alternaria species. Phylogenetic analysis of combined ITS, GAPDH, TEF1-α, RPB2 and Alt a 1 sequences identified the three isolates we obtained as Alternaria alternata and Alternaria koreana. Koch’s postulates were fulfilled in the greenhouse, and the pathogenicity of A. alternata and A. koreana was determined by leaf inoculation tests on C. sinensis seedlings. The symptoms of indoor inoculation were consistent with those in the field. A. alternata and A. koreana can grow at 15-35 °C, with an optimal growth temperature of 25 °C. The results of fungicide sensitivity experiments indicated that A. alternata and A. koreana were the most sensitive to prochloraz, which may be a useful strategy for the future prevention and control management of A. alternata and A. koreana. This study provides the first step for further research on A. alternata and A. koreana as pathogens of C. sinensis and provides a theoretical basis for future control strategies.

The present review explores the critical role of oxime and oxime ether moieties in enhancing the physicochemical and anticancer properties of structurally diverse molecular frameworks. Specific examples are carefully selected to illustrate the distinct contributions of these functional groups to general strategies for molecular design, modulation of biological activities, computational modeling, and structure-activity relationship studies. An extensive literature search was conducted across three databases, including Pub-Med, Google Scholar, and Scifinder, enabling us to create one of the most comprehensive overviews of how oximes and oxime ethers impact antitumor activities within a wide range of structural frameworks. This search focused on various combinations of keywords or their synonyms, related to the anticancer activity of oximes and oxime ethers, structure-activity relationships, mechanism of action, as well as molecular dynamics and docking studies. Each article was evaluated based on its scientific merit and the depth of the study, resulting in 268 cited references and more than 336 illustrative chemical structures carefully selected to support this analysis. As many previous reviews focus on one subclass of this extensive family of compounds, this report represents one of the rare and fully comprehensive assessments of the anti-cancer potential of this group of molecules across diverse molecular scaffolds.

Deception Island is an active volcano with a submerged caldera open to the sea, giving it a horseshoe-shaped structure. Several post-caldera-collapsed volcanic events, as well as hydrodynamics within this natural bay, have modified its inner coastline, shaping new tephra deposits and altering the landscape. A hydrodynamic model is presented to predict accretion and erosion trends on the coast, which impact the mobility of researchers and tourists, whether on foot or by boat. Historical orthophoto images and spatiotemporal differences in digital elevation and bathymetric models have been used for validation purposes. The model reveals that the south-facing coast is more susceptible to erosion, while the east-west-facing coast experiences sedimentation. However, a visual study of the coastline has indicated erosion ratios in cliff areas in sedimentary zones. This is likely due to the erosive effect caused by ice floe fragments accumulating in these areas due to wave action. Only a portion of the significant total loss of surface material is received within the bay, including its own erosion, and accumulates on the bay's floor. This is partially due to the volume being composed of snow, and there is also a transfer of material to the exterior to balance the figures.

Nitrogen (N) is an important mineral nutrient for plant growth, as well as a limiting factor for crop yield, and how to improve the utilization efficiency of N fertilizer by plants is currently a research hotspot. This article uses bioinformatics methods to identify and analyze members of the glutamine synthetase (GS) and glutamate synthase (GOGAT) gene families in pecan. A total of 6 GS genes and 4 GOGAT genes were identified, and their physicochemical properties, gene structures, and homologous evolutionary relationships were analyzed. Analysis of tissue-specific expression of GS and GOGAT genes based on transcriptome data from pecan. The enzyme activities of GS and GOGAT and the gene expression were quantitatively analyzed under different N form ratios in pecan. According to the results, the promoter cis-acting elements of GS and GOGAT genes can be roughly divided into three types: light-responsive elements, hormone-responsive elements, and stress-responsive elements. The results of homologous evolution showed that there was no tandem duplication event for the two gene families, and GS and GOGAT have undergone purification during the evolutionary process. CiGS2s and CiFd-GOGATs were expressed mainly in leaves, and CiNADH-GOGATs were expressed mainly in fruits. The qPCR analysis results showed that T4 treatment significantly increased the expression levels of CiGS and CiGOGAT genes in the leaves. The enzyme activities of GS and GOGAT in pecan were significantly increased under T3, T4, and T5 treatments. In summary, a higher proportion of ammonium nitrogen (NH4+) in the nutrient solution was profit to pecan NH4+ assimilation. This study determined the appropriate nitrogen ratio for pecan, promoting a theoretical basis for reducing environmental pollution caused by nitrogen fertilizer and improving the nitrogen utilization efficiency of pecan. In summary, both CiGSs and CiGOGATs exhibit tissue specificity, and an ammonium-nitrate mixture with a higher proportion of NH4+ is more favorable for NH4+ assimilation in pecan. This study provides a reference basis for further understanding the functions of CiGSs and CiGOGATs in pecan, and offers a theoretical foundation for improving N use efficiency in pecan.

The control of oxidative stress with natural active substances could limit the development of numerous pathologies. Our objective was to study the antiradical effects of resveratrol (RSV), ε-viniferin (VNF) and vitisin B (VB) alone or in a combination, and those of a stilbene-enriched ex-tract (fraction). In the DPPH, FRAP, and NO scavenging assays, RSV present the highest activity with an IC50 of 83.69, 15.38 and 229 µM, respectively. Binary combinations resulted in additive interaction in the DPPH assay, synergic interaction for RSV+VNF and antagonistic for the others in the FRAP assay, and additive interaction for RSV+VNF or RSV+VB and antagonistic for VNF+VB in the NO scavenging assay. There was no significant difference between the antioxi-dant activity of the fraction and the combination RSV+VNF. In conclusion, RSV presented the highest effects, followed by VNF and VB. Interactions revealed additive or synergistic effects, depending on the combination of stilbenes and the assay.

Obesity in adolescents combined with the increased exposure time to electronic devices, enhances a sedentary lifestyle and is linked to the risk of developing musculoskeletal injuries. The aim of this study was to identify possible correlations between anthropometric characteristics, body composition, exposure time to electronic devices or screen time (ST) and physical activity (PA) level along with muscle power and dynamic knee valgus (DKV) in young athletes to avoid future injuries. A total of 125 adolescent basketball athletes (66.4% boys), 12 to 17 years old (13.94±1.58 years) participated. Anthropometric and demographic characteristics were recorded. PA level was assessed through IPAQ and ST through a single question from the HELENA study. The Counter Movement Jump test was used for the evaluation of the lower limb muscle power, while the Single Leg Drop Jump test was used for the evaluation of the dynamic knee valgus via two-dimensional (2D) kinematic analysis. The Pearson index showed a statistically significant positive correlation between muscle power and height (r=0.788, p<0.001), while the Spearman index showed a smaller but equally statistically significant positive correlation with BMI (rs =0.651, p<0.001) and age (rs=0.579, p<0.001). The ST (rs= -0.194, p=0.03) showed a weak negative correlation with DKV, while PA (r=0.85, p<0.001) showed a high, statistically significant, positive correlation. The anthropometric characteristics of adolescent athletes can determine their ability to produce muscle power. A high level of physical activity could play a key role in compensating and thus reducing the negative effects of high exposure to screen time on the dynamic knee valgus

The detrital compositions in sandstone are important recorders of sedimentary provenance and transport, both of which have significant implications for the lithology, age and tectonic evolution of provenance. Through detailed identification and analysis, a high content of volcanogenic compositions (27.6%) was discovered in Shanxi formation of Daniudi Gas Field, Ordos Basin, which is much higher than that of the previous study. The volcanogenic compositions include volcanogenic quartz, lava fragments (dominated by various kinds of rhyolite fragments), tuff fragments, and tuffaceous matrix. In addition, at least 2 volcanic ash layers were discovered. Although the metamorphic rocks of the Precambrian succession in the ancient land of Yin Mountain are usually considered the primary source of the Shanxi formation, it is most likely that the volcanogenic compositions were derived from intermediate-acidic volcanic materials that accumulated in the Daqingshan area during the Late Carboniferous to Early Permian. Those volcanogenic compositions are mainly transported by flowing water rather than by air from provenance to basin. And the accumulation of volcanic materials in the Daqingshan area was controlled by volcanic eruptions occurring solely in this area, rather than by the Inner Mongolia Orogenic Belt. Those volcanic eruptions related to the southward subduction of the Paleo-Asian Ocean Plate beneath the northern margin of the North China Plate in Late Carboniferous to Early Permian. The active continental margin related to the subduction of the Paleo-Asian Ocean Plate lasted until at least the Early Permian, and the closure of the Paleo-Asian Ocean must have occurred later than the Early Permian.

Sepsis is a life-threatening complication of an infectious process that results from excessive and uncontrolled activation of the host's pro-inflammatory immune response to a pathogen. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS), also known as endotoxin, which is a major component of the Gram-negative bacteria outer membrane, plays a key role in the development of Gram-negative sepsis and septic shock in humans. To date, no specific and effective drug against sepsis has been developed. This review summarizes data on LPS-binding proteins from marine invertebrates (ILBPs), that inhibit LPS toxic effects, and are of interest as potential drugs for the sepsis treatment. The structure, physicochemical properties, antimicrobial and LPS-binding/neutralizing activity of these proteins and their synthetic analogues are considered in details. Problems that arise during clinical trials of potential anti-endotoxic drugs are discussed.

This study continued the analysis of immunization with the receptor binding domain (RBD) associated with the adjuvants Dimethyldioctadecylammonium bromide (DDA) and Saponin (Sap) (RBD+DDA/Sap) or Aluminum hydroxide (AH) and outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) of Neisseria meningitidis (RBD+AH/OMV); from adult to old age and assessed maternal-fetal transference of antibodies. Outbred Swiss mice were immunized with 2 intramuscular (IM) doses with the antigenic preparations RBD+DDA/Sap, RBD+AH/OMV or RBD alone. The humoral immune response was evaluated using ELISA, avidity-ELISA, Immunoblotting and a Omicron-surrogate-neutralization assay (BA.1), while the cellular immune response was analyzed by ELISpot. Our previous work studied the IgG response; here, we verified that IgM levels were higher right after the immunization doses, but, as IgG, it persisted until 368 days after the immunization. The avidity of IgM increased from low to intermediate-to-high after the booster dose. RBD+DDA/Sap presented neutralizing indexes against Omicron at days 47 and 176, while RBD+AH/OMV showed neutralization on days 21, 47 and 176. Cellular response, measured 465 days after immunization, revealed IFN-Y and IL-4 secretion. The offspring of RBD+DDA/Sap had detectable antibodies, which decreased around 45 days after birth, the last point we analyzed. The results suggested that DDA/Sap is a promising adjuvant mixture to enhance humoral and cellular immune response against SARS-CoV-2, improving maternal-fetal transference of antibodies; cross-reactivity with Omicron variant; and the maintenance of antibodies for a long period.

Background: Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis (AIS) patients have been found to exhibit cortical asymmetry. This study aimed to examine the impact of conservative treatments on perceptual and cognitive asymmetry in the auditory system of AIS patients with thoracic major curve. Method: The study involved 30 AIS patients and 21 healthy subjects. The intervention group used a Cheneau brace and performed 18 Schroth Best Practice (SBP) exercise sessions. Auditory lateralization was assessed with a Dichotic Listening Paradigm (DLP) in both groups before and after the intervention. Results: The six-week intervention resulted in a significant increase in left ear responses in the force-left condition in the AIS (p<0.05). Left ear responses were lower in AIS at baseline (p<0.05). Sixth-week results were similar in all conditions (p>0.05). Conclusion: The results of this study demonstrated that SBP exercises and Cheneau brace treatment can improve perceptual and cognitive asymmetry in the auditory system in AIS patients with thoracic major curve. Scoliosis-associated changes in the spine and postural control may affect auditory perception by causing adaptations in sensory and motor networks. Future studies are needed to examine the connectivity in brain regions related to motor control and auditory processing after conservative treatment.

Because of ambiguous and widely debated observations concerning incidence trend and management of TC, we performed this analysis. We drew attention to some events, such as “cancer screening activity,” introduction of noninvasive follicular neoplasm with papillary-like nuclear features (NIFTP) to TC types, possibility of papillary thyroid microcarcinoma (PTMC) active surveillance (AS), occurrence of personalized medicine in TC management and finally COVID-19 pandemic time. Because of the opinion that all changes have been made mostly by PTC, we compared it to the rest of types of TC in terms of incidence, clinical and pathological characteristics and treatment. The prevalence of TC significantly increased from 5.15% in 2008 to 13.84% in 2015 and then significantly decreased to 1.33% in 2022 when the pandemic lasted (p<0.0001). A similar trend was observed for PTC, when the incidence significantly increased to 13.99% in 2015 and then decreased to 1.38% in 2022 (p<0.0001). At that time, the NIFTP category was introduced, and observation of PTMC began. The prevalence of FTC and MTC also increased until 2015 and then decreased. Significant differences in age, types of surgery, necessity of reoperation, pTNM, between PTCs and other types of TCs were observed. The average age was significantly lower in PTC patients than in patients with the remaining types of TC (p<0.0001). Four milestones, including NIFTP introduction, the possibility of PTMC AS, personalized cancer medicine and the COVID-19 pandemic, may have influenced the general statistics of TC.

In Uganda, the common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) is often infested by a complex of insect pests, but the bean stem maggots, aphids, bean leaf beetles, and flower thrips are the most important. Whereas yield losses due to these pests have been established, there is limited information on their population dynamics at different stages of crop growth and their effect on yield and yield components. In order to describe the population dynamics of selected common bean pests at various phases of bean crop growth, and their impact on yield and yield components, a study was carried out in Uganda during 2016 second rains and 2017 first rains in three agro-ecological zones. Bean fly, bean aphids, bean leaf beetles, whitefly, striped bean weevil, leaf hoppers, and caterpillars of Lepidopteran species were the main insects observed. Pesticide spray schedules were imposed to generate different populations of insect pests whose effects on yield and its components were determined. The findings indicate that spray regimes significantly influenced the abundance of bean fly, aphids, whitefly, striped bean weevil, and leaf hoppers but not bean leaf beetles and caterpillars. Additionally, except caterpillars, insect pests were significantly influenced by crop growth stages, but only aphids, whiteflies, bean flies and leaf hoppers exhibited a significant negative relationship with grain yield. Furthermore, yield and yield components varied significantly between spray regimes, agro-ecological zones, and seasons. Our study is important in informing growers on the stage of crop growth at which management tactics such as use of insecticides can be applied for different insect pests.

The assessment and prediction of drought risk under future climate change and land use land cover (LULC) scenarios is critically important for drought prevention and mitigation, as it enables a clearer understanding of potential shifts in drought patterns. The primary aim of this study is to evaluate sub-seasonal and seasonal meteorological and hydrological drought hazards across the Yellow River Basin (YRB) under projected future climate conditions and LULC patterns. The BCC-CSM1-1 climate model projections from the NASA Earth Exchange Global Daily Downscaled Projections (NEX-GDDP) dataset are utilized to represent future climate for 2025-2060 under RCP 4.5 and 8.5 scenarios. The CA-Markov model is employed to predict future LULC distributions. Meteorological and hydrological drought risks across different YRB zones are evaluated through a copula-based risk assessment approach, based on the joint probability distribution of drought duration and severity. The results indicate that sub-seasonal meteorological and hydrological droughts will likely be the primary concern moving forward. Specifically, the upper YRB (zones A, B, C) exhibits greater vulnerability to sub-seasonal meteorological drought, while the Loess Plateau (zones C, E) shows higher susceptibility to sub-seasonal hydrological drought. Moreover, zone F in the downstream region may experience increased seasonal hydrological drought risk due to projected urban expansion in the middle and lower portions of the YRB.

This investigation delves into an examination of the growth dynamics observed in Central Taiwan Science Park (CTSP) and Silicon Glen in Scotland, with a specific focus on their energy, environmental, and economic management. The aim is to predict and evaluate the latest advancements and applications of technology. In terms of energy, CTSP focuses on Taiwan's supply security and green transformation challenges, while Silicon Glen emphasizes Scotland's wind energy generation technologies. Both regions are committed to the development of renewable energy and smart grids. Regarding environmental aspects, CTSP and Silicon Glen prioritize environmental protection and sustainable development by implementing measures for environmental monitoring. In terms of economic management, CTSP, and Silicon Glen serve as key technology industry hubs This investigation delves into an examination of the growth dynamics observed in Central Tai-wan Science Park (CTSP) and Silicon Glen in Scotland, with a specific focus on their energy, environmental, and economic management. The aim is to predict and evaluate the latest advancements and applications of technology. In terms of energy, CTSP focuses on Taiwan's supply security and green transformation challenges, while Silicon Glen emphasizes Scotland's wind energy generation technologies. Both regions are committed to the development of renewable energy and smart grids. Regarding environmental aspects, CTSP and Silicon Glen prioritize environmental protection and sustainable development by implementing measures for environmental monitoring. In terms of economic management, CTSP, and Silicon Glen serve as key technology industry hubs in Taiwan and Scotland, respectively, attracting numerous high-tech and startup enterprises. Various means facilitate the growth of industries and foster innovations in different industrial spheres. Important factors contributing to this growth include policy support, availability of research materials, and provision of infrastructure. This research paper compares the successful case studies of two industrial parks, along with their environmental and economic management strategies. It explores the management principles that ensure the sustainable development and economic growth of industrial parks, aiming to assist decision-makers and relevant stakeholders in evaluating the sustainable development planning of industrial parks.

Unnatural diet composition and frequent feeding regimes may play an aetiological role in the multiple diseases prevalent in captive cheetahs. This study investigated the responses of captive-born (hand-reared) cheetahs (n = 6) to a reduced feeding frequency schedule. During the 3-week treatment period, the study cheetahs were fed four once-daily meals per week and two daily rations six days a week, subsequently, during the control period of equal duration. Total weekly food intake was maintained throughout the study. Variations in body temperature (Tb), heart rate (HR), locomotor activity (LA), behaviour, faecal glucocorticoid metabolite concentration, and faecal consistency score (FCS) were measured. Less frequent feeding resulted in higher FCS (p < 0.01) and LA (p < 0.0001) and lower HR (p < 0.0001) among the studied cheetahs. The study found that their HR was higher when the cheetahs were fed (p < 0.0001) than on days when they were not. Additionally, Tb (p < 0.0001) and HR (p < 0.05) were higher during feeding, suggesting a psychological excitation to food consumption. The results of the FCS analysis indicate that the more natural feeding pattern could have benefited the studied cheetahs’ GI health without a significant behavioural or physiological stress response to the change in feeding frequency.

Fatigue-related subchondral bone injury of the third metacarpal/ metatarsal (McIII/ MtIII) bone is a common cause of wastage and welfare concern in racehorses. Better understanding of bone health and strength would improve animal welfare and be of benefit for the racing industry. Porosity index (PI) of bone is an indirect measure of osseous pore size and number and is therefore an interesting indicator of bone strength. MRI of compact bone using traditional methods even with short echo times fails to generate enough signal to assess bone architecture as the water protons are tightly bound. Ultrashort echo time (UTE) sequences aim to increase the amount of signal detected in the equine McIII/MtIII condyle. Cadaver specimens were imaged using a novel dual-echo UTE MRI technique and PI was calculated and validated against quantitative CT-derived bone mineral density (BMD). BMD and PI are inversely correlated in the equine distal Mc/ MtIII with a mean r value of -0.29. The r value is significantly different between fore- and hindlimbs. Further work is needed to assess how correlation patterns behave in different areas of the bone and to evaluate PI in horses with and without clinically relevant stress injury.

In the wake of globalization and the revolutionary impact of Artificial Intelligence (AI), literature and language education play a pivotal role in preparing the next generation to navigate an ever-changing world. This reflective concept paper explores the profound insights shared by educators, focusing on literature and language education amidst globalization and AI. Drawing on interviews and observations, teachers' reflections reveal the enduring value of literature in shaping young minds, fostering critical thinking, and promoting empathy. Additionally, they emphasize the importance of embracing multilingualism and cultural diversity to equip students for an interconnected world. In the face of challenges, educators showcase their resilience and adaptability, harnessing technology, particularly AI-driven tools, to foster future-ready learners. Identifying gaps and implications in literature and language education, this paper sets the stage for collective efforts among stakeholders to shape the future of education. Ultimately, teachers hold the key to nurturing a generation capable of embracing the complexities of the AI-driven global landscape with confidence and compassion, empowering students as transformative agents in a rapidly changing world.

The production of nanoparticles enhances the bioactivity of biological molecules for drug delivery to infection sites. This study explains how silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) coating enhanced the hypoglycemic effects of vanillic acid in male diabetic rats with diabetes brought on by streptozotocin. (STZ). Four groups of 24 rats were created for the investigation and divided into them. The first group rats (G1; untreated) were given a basal diet, whereas the other three groups all developed diabetes through STZ injection. Diabetic rats who were not getting therapy were included in the second group (G2; STZ-positive), whereas the other diabetic rats were divided into the third group (G3, vanillic acid-treated) and the fourth group (G4; AgNPs-coated vanillic acid treated). The treatment lasted four weeks. In G2, the induction of diabetes led to an increase in serum glucose, glycated proteins, renal indices, interleukin-6 (IL-6), K+, immunoglobulins, and lipid peroxidation, while decreased Ca++, Na+, and other antioxidants in the kidney tissue homogenate. In addition, aberrant signs were present in the pancreas and kidneys of diabetic rats. The renal and pancreatic tissues were effectively enhanced by vanillic acid or vanillic acid-coated AgNPs, bringing them very close to their pre-diabetic conditions. AgNPs-coated vanillic acid offered a stronger defense against STZ-induced diabetes and lessened the effects of hyperglycemia compared to ordinary vanillic acid. Additionally, using vanillic acid coated with silver nanoparticles greatly reduced inflammation when compared to using vanillic acid alone. This outcome suggests increased antioxidant activity.

Airborne micro- and nanoplastics are widely spread and pose a risk to human health. The effects of virgin (v) and home oxidised (ox) nano- and micropolystyrene (nPS/mPS) (0.1 and 1 µm) were studied on the human alveolar cells (A549). Ox-nPS/mPS, simulating photoaging, allowed effects due to environmental wear to be assessed. Cellular uptake was quantified using FITC-functionalised nPS/mPS, while cytotoxicity, changes in the acidic compartment, ROS production, mitochondrial function and DNA damage were assessed to study the effects of internalised v- and ox-nPS/mPS. The uptake was dose-dependent and very fast, since, at the lowest dose, 20.8% and 21.8% of nPS and mPS, respectively, were internalised after 1 h. Compared to v-, significant ROS increases, DNA damage and mitochondrial impairment were observed after exposure to ox-nPS/mPS. The enhancement of effects due to environmental aging processes highlighted the true potential impact on human health of these airborne pollutants.

Microarray gene expression-based detection and classification of medical conditions have been prominent in research studies over the past few decades. However, extracting relevant data from the high-volume microarray gene expression with inherent nonlinearity and inseparable noise components raises significant challenges during data classification and disease detection. So, this paper proposes a two-level strategy involving feature extraction and selection methods before the classification step. The feature extraction step utilizes Short Term Fourier Transform (STFT), and the feature selection step employs Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) and Harmonic Search (HS) metaheuristic methods. The classifiers employed are Non-Linear Regression, Gaussian Mixture Model, Softmax Discriminant, Naive Bayes, SVM (Linear), SVM (Polynomial), and SVM (RBF). The two-level extracted relevant features are compared with raw data classification results, including Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) Methodology. Among the methods, STFT with PSO feature selection and SVM (RBF) classifier produced the highest accuracy of 94.47%.

(1) Background: This study aimed to identify the recurrence and survival rates according to the mismatch repair (MMR), p53, and L1 cell adhesion molecule (L1CAM) states in patients with advanced and recurrent endometrial cancer receiving systemic chemotherapy.; (2) Methods: This single-center retrospective cohort study included chemotherapy-naïve patients (n=156) with advanced-stage (III/IV) or recurrent endometrial cancer who were administered chemotherapy as adjuvant therapy (n=112) or first-line palliative treatment (n=44) between January 2015 and June 2022. MMR and p53 states were assessed using PCR, and L1CAM was tested using immunohistochemistry in the no specific molecular profile (NSMP) group. The primary outcomes were progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS).; (3) Results: Of the 156 patients, 62 (39.7%), 53 (34.0%), and 41 (26.3%) had NSMP, abnormal p53 (p53abn), and an MMR deficiency (MMR-D), respectively. PFS and OS were longest in MMR-D, followed by NSMP, and were the least in p53abn tumors (PFS: p=0.0006, OS: p=0.0013). After NSMP was classified according to positive or negative L1CAM status, the L1CAM-negative group exhibited significantly lower survival rates than the L1CAM-positive group (PFS: p=0.0001, OS: p=0.0027); p53abn tumors were independent prognostic factors for poor PFS (p=0.039 on the multivariable analysis).; (4) Conclusions: In chemotherapy-naïve patients with advanced and recurrent endometrial cancer, the best prognosis after chemotherapy was obtained using MMR-D, followed by NSMP and p53abn tumors. The L1CAM status is a useful new marker for stratifying NSMP in advanced and recurrent patients.

Elevated indoor CO2 levels might have adverse effects on human health. However, the introduction of outdoor air to lower indoor CO2 concentrations results in significant HVAC energy consumption. Aligning with office hours and the natural light cycle, the utilization of photosynthesis in living walls offers an energy-efficient and sustainable solution for the mitigation of high CO2 levels in office spaces. This study experimentally investigates the impacts of the carbon fixation pathways, light intensity, and substrate moisture content on the CO2 removal rate of living walls at the room scale. Furthermore, the fresh air energy-saving effects of living walls under different scenarios are accurately simulated in EnergyPlus. The results demonstrate that choosing C3 plants over CAM plants in living walls yields higher CO2 removal efficiency. In a 30-m2 office room accommodating 2-3 occupants, living walls can reduce the demand for fresh air by 12.3%-27.8% and decrease fresh air energy consumption by 11.2%-28.2%. The city with the highest energy savings has energy savings that are 4.5 times greater than those of the city with the lowest energy savings. The findings of this research promote the application and development of living walls, thus providing a viable solution for improving indoor air quality.

Adiposity is associated with adverse health conditions such as obesity, cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes. The combination of resistance exercise and creatine supplementation has been shown to decrease body fat % in adults ≥ 50 years of age. However, the effects in adults < 50 years of age is unknown. To address this limitation, we systematically reviewed the literature and performed several meta-analyses comparing studies that included resistance exercise and creatine supplementation to resistance exercise and placebo. Twelve studies were included involving 266 participants. Adults (< 50 years of age) that supplemented with creatine and performed resistance exercise experienced a significant reduction in body fat % (-1.19%, p=0.006) and a non-significant reduction in absolute fat mass (-0.09 kg, p=0.88). Collectively, the combination of resistance exercise and creatine supplementation produces a very small reduction in body fat % in adults < 50 years of age.

Hypertension and arterial stiffness are the main factors contributing to cardiovascular disease. L-citrulline, a nitric oxide precursor, has been proposed as a blood pressure-lowering intervention. This study aimed to investigate the impact of L-citrulline on central and peripheral blood pressure, arterial stiffness, and muscle oxygenation at rest and during an isometric knee extension exercise protocol. Twelve older males received 6 g of L-citrulline or a placebo for six days using a double-blind crossover design. Blood hemodynamics parameters (i.e., arterial and brachial systolic and diastolic blood pressure, mean arterial pressure, pulse pressure, heart rate), arterial stiffness (i.e., augmented pressure, augmentation index, forward, backward wave pressure and carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity) and muscle oxygenation [i.e., oxyhemoglobin (Δ[O2Hb]) and deoxyhemoglobin (Δ[HHb]), total hemoglobin concentration (Δ[tHb]) and tissue saturation index (TSI%)], were measured at baseline, post-supplementation and during isometric exercise. No significant effects of L-citrulline supplementation were observed at rest or during exercise on blood pressure, arterial stiffness, and muscle blood flow. Both central and peripheral blood pressure were increased during the exercise, which is consistent with isometric contractions. The results of the present study question the efficacy of short-term L-citrulline in decreasing blood pressure at rest or attenuating blood pressure increases during isometric exercise.

With the rise of novel immunotherapies able to stimulate the antitumor immune response, increasing literature data concerning the immunogenicity of breast cancer have been published in recent years. Numerous clinical studies have been conducted in order to identify novel biomarkers that could reflect the immunogenicity of BC and predict response to immunotherapy. In this regard, TILs have emerged as an important immunological biomarker related to the antitumor immune re-sponse in BC. TILs are more frequently observed in triple-negative breast cancer and HER2+ sub-types where increased TIL levels have been linked to better response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy and with improved survival. PD-L1 is a type 1 transmembrane protein ligand expressed on T lymphocytes, B lymphocytes and antigen-presenting cells and is considered a key inhibitory checkpoint involved in cancer immune regulation. PD-L1 immunohistochemical expression in breast cancer is observed in about 10–30% of cases and is extremely variable based on tumor stage and molecular subtypes . In detail, TNBC shows the highest percentages of PD-L1 positivity, followed by HER2+ tumors. On the other hand, PD-L1 is rarely expressed (0-10% of cases) in hormone-receptor positive BC. The prognostic role of PD-L1 expression in BC is still controversial since different immunohistochemistry (IHC) clones, cut-off points and scoring systems have been utilized across published studies. In the present paper an extensive review on the current knowledge of immune landscape of BC is provided. In detail TILS and PD-L1 expression across different BC subtypes is discussed also providing a guide for their pathological assessment and reporting.

Tightly regulated and robust mitochondrial activities are critical for normal hearing. Previously, we demonstrated that Fus1 KO mice with mitochondrial dysfunction exhibit premature hearing loss. Molecular analysis of the cochlea revealed hyperactivation of the mTOR pathway, oxidative stress, altered mitochondrial morphology and quantity, suggesting compromised energy sensing and production. Here, we investigated whether pharmacological modulation of metabolic pathways using rapamycin (RAPA) or 2-deoxy-D-glucose (2-DG) supplementation can protect against hearing loss in female Fus1 KO mice. Additionally, we aimed to identify mitochondria- and Fus1-dependent molecular pathways and processes critical for hearing. We found that inhibiting mTOR or activating alternative mitochondrial energetic pathways to glycolysis protected hearing in the mice. Comparative gene expression analysis revealed dysregulation of critical biological processes in the KO cochlea, including mitochondrial metabolism, neural and immune responses, and cochlear hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis signaling system. RAPA and 2-DG mostly normalized these processes, although some genes showed a drug-specific response or no response at all. Interestingly, both drugs resulted in a pronounced upregulation of critical hearing-related genes not altered in the non-treated KO cochlea, including cytoskeletal and motor proteins, and Ca2+-linked transporters and voltage-gated channels. These findings suggest that pharmacological modulation of mitochondrial metabolism and bioenergetics may restore and activate processes critical for hearing, thereby protecting against hearing loss

In the intricate tapestry of our ever-evolving world, where complexities abound and change unfurls with unyielding speed, the amalgamation of values, critical thinking, and moral reasoning within the realm of language and literature education emerges as an imperious necessity. For it is through this harmonious integration that we fortify the minds of our students, bestowing upon them the indispensable tools to traverse the labyrinthine paths of multifaceted ethical quandaries, while shaping them into steadfast guardians of our shared global community. This article highlights the connection between language, literature, critical thinking, moral reasoning, and values integration in education. Through language and literature, teachers can incorporate values education in their classroom, which can benefit not only individual students but also society as a whole. Theoretical frameworks such as character education, moral education, and values education provide the basis for this approach. The researcher recommends strategies for incorporating values integration in language and literature curricula, including the use of literary texts that promote critical thinking and moral reasoning skills. The limitations of this approach, including the challenges in assessing the effectiveness of values integration and potential resistance from some stakeholders, are also discussed. Ultimately, this article aims to call on educators to take a proactive role in promoting values integration in language and literature education, guided by the principles of Jesus Christ and the belief that education is not only about acquiring knowledge but developing character as well. Moreover, this concept has a significant and lasting impact on students' overall development that highlights the importance of values and moral reasoning needed to live a better life.

Molecular descriptors are essential in mathematical chemistry for studying quantitative structure-property relationships (QSPR), and topological indices are a valuable source of information about molecular properties such as size, cyclicity, branching degree, and symmetry. Graph theory has played a crucial role in the development of topological indices and dominating parameters for molecular descriptors. The molecule graph, under graph isomorphism conditions, represents an invariant number, and the graph theory approach considers dominating sets, which are subsets of the vertex set where every vertex outside the set is adjacent to at least one vertex inside the set. The dominating sigma index, a topological index that incorporates the mathematical principles of domination topological indices and the sigma index, is applicable to some families of graphs, such as book graphs, windmill graphs, and some graph operations, which have exact values for this new index. To evaluate the effectiveness of the domination sigma index in QSPR studies, a comparative analysis was conducted to establish an appropriate domination index that correlates with the physicochemical properties of octane and its isomers. Linear and non-linear models were developed using the QSPR approach to predict the properties of interest, and the results showed that both the domination forgotten and domination first Zagreb indices exhibited satisfactory performance in comparison testing. Further research into QSAR/QSPR domination indices is required to build more robust models for predicting the physicochemical properties of organic compounds while maintaining the importance of symmetry.

Elastic properties of materials and their changes with temperature are important for their applications in engineering. A study on the influence of phase composition of AISI 4130 alloy on Young's modulus (Ed), shear modulus (Gd), and damping (Q-1) was carried out by Impulse Excitation Technique (IET). The material characterization was carried out using confocal microscopy, XRD, MET, HV, and dilatometry. A stable structure, composed of ferrite (BCC) and pearlite (α-Fe+Fe3C), was obtained by annealing. Metastable structure of martensite (BCT) was obtained by quenching. The Ed, Gd, and Q-1 were measured, varying the temperature from RT to 900 °C. The values of Ed and Gd, at RT, were determined as 201.5 and 79.2 GPa (annealed), and 190.13 and 76.5 GPa (quenched), respectively. In the annealed steel, the values Ed and Gd decrease linearly on heating up to 650 °C, with the thermal expansion. In the quenched steel, weak changes in the dilatometric curve, Ed, Gd, and Q-1, in the range of 350-450 °C, indicated decompositions of the martensitic phase. Sharp decrease in the moduli and high peak of Q-1, was observed for both samples around 650-900 °C, revealing low lattice elastic stability of the phases during transformations α(BCC)+Fe3C↔γ(FCC).

Osmotic demyelination syndrome (ODS) is an acute demyelinating disorder characterized by the loss of myelin in the center of the basis pons which is defined as central pontine myelinolysis (CPM) and demyelination process in locations outside the pons which is defined as extrapontine myelinolysis (EPM). ODS including CPM and EPM is mainly caused by the rapid correction of hyponatremia. However, there are several reports of ODS in medical condition such as malnutrition, alcoholism, liver transplantation, malignancy, sepsis, electrolyte imbalance including hypernatremia, hypokalemia, hypophosphatemia, and chronic illness. Rarely, ODS was reported in patients with hyperammonemia or hyperbilirubinemia without sodium fluctuations. The symptoms usually correspond to the lesion site and EPM precedes CPM. Because ODS may be irreversible, prevention is more important. Here, we report a case of ODS secondary to the hyperammonemia and hyperbilirubinemia, as it can have unfavorable prognosis.

The problem of optimal scheduling in a system with parallel queues and a single server has been extensively studied in the queueing theory. However, such systems have mostly been studied by assuming homogeneous attributes of arrival and service processes, or in heterogeneous case a Markov random process was usually assumed. In this paper, we explore the possibility of combining simulation and neural network paradigms for optimal scheduling in a heterogeneous system with an arbitrary inter-arrival and service time distributions. The service of any queue by the server is exhaustive. Further routing of the server after the queue has been emptied is as instructed by the trained neural network. Any change in the queue that currently has a server is accompanied by a switching cost. The simulated annealing optimization algorithm which is used to optimize the parameters of the neural network was adapted for numerically evaluated average cost function. A Markov decision problem was formulated for the corresponding markovian queueing system to verify the results of solving the optimization problem. In addition to comparing the actual values of the average cost, the parameter values of the neural network trained on the optimal control policy of the Markov model are also used to determine the domains of parameters required for the simulated annealing defined on a finite discrete domain. Numerical analysis shows the effectiveness of this approach. Moreover, a comparison of the results for different distributions illustrates the insensitivity of the optimal control policy to the shape of the distributions for the same two first moments. Thus, the optimal control policy for an exponential model can be used as a suboptimal one for the general system.

Hypoxia represents one of the key factors that stimulate the growth of leukemic cells in their niche. Leukemic cells in hypoxia are forced to reprogram their original transcriptome, miRNome, and metabolome. How the coupling of miRNAs/mRNAs helps to maintain or progress the leukemic status is still not fully described. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) regulate practically all biological processes within cells and play a crucial role in leukemia development/progression. Here we worked with the human cell line MEC-1 (human chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL)) where we deleted mature miR-155 by CRISPR/Cas9. MEC-1 cells in hypoxia showed a higher proliferation rate with a relatively low level of apoptosis. Interestingly, miR-155 deficiency decreased the proliferation rate in both, normoxia and hypoxia. Besides common hypoxia-related genes (HIF1α, EGLN1, VHL, HK1, and HK2), we also measured, genes for glucose transporters SLC2A1 (GLUT1) and SLC2A3 (GLUT3). Surprisingly, only SLC2A3 (GLUT3) showed significant overexpression in hypoxia conditions in miR-155 deficient MEC-1cells which points to the possible novel target of miR-155 in CLL. Increased glucose uptake and decreased lactate support our hypothesis that miR-155 deficiency and hypoxia transform cell metabolism. To conclude, miR-155 deficiency and hypoxia-impaired glucose metabolism stimulate GLUT3 in CLL cells.

Background: In this study, we aimed to evaluate the effect of s-FLT-1 and PlGF concentrations in women in the first trimester of pregnancy on the pulsatility index of the ductus venosus and the right and left uterine arteries. Methods: A total of 108 pregnant women in their first trimester were included in the study, with 87 assigned to the experimental group and 21 to the control group. Ultrasound examination were performed to measure the uterine artery pulsatility index, resistance index, ductus venosus pulsatility index, and blood sampling levels of biomarkers such as b-HCG; PAPP-A; s-FLT-1 and PlGF. Results: There was a significant negative relationship between PAPP-A concentration and the risk of fetal growth restriction, and a significant negative relationship between PlGF concentration and the risk of preeclampsia and fetal growth restriction in women in their first trimester of pregnancy. There was also a significant positive relationship between sFLT-1/PLGF ratio and the risk of developing preeclampsia. No significant relationships were found between the concentrations of biomarkers beta-HCG, PAPP-A, sFLT-1, PlGF, and any of the parameters PIUARt, PIUALt, Mean uterine arteries, and DVPI. Summary: In conclusion, this study did not find conclusive evidence to support the hypothesis that beta-HCG, PAPP-A, s-FLT-1, and PlGF concentrations in women in the first trimester of pregnancy have a significant effect on the Pulsatility Index of the ductus venosus and the Right and left Uterine Arteries. Further research is needed to investigate these potential associations.

With the targets of petroleum exploration transferred to the deep and ancient strata, abundant oil and gas resources have been found in the Lower Paleozoic and older strata in central and western China. Due to complex evolutionary processes including multiple episodes of hydrocarbon accumulation and ubiquitously accompanied by secondary alterations, significant uncertainties were remained for the generation time and accumulation processes of these revealed petroleum. In this paper, relative pure Re and Os elements existing in the asphaltene fractions of Lower Cambrian solid bitumen collected from the Guangyuan area, western Sichuan Basin, SW China and another Middle–Lower Ordovician heavy oils in the Aiding area of the Tahe oilfield in the Tarim Basin, NW China were successfully obtained by the sample pre-treatments, and Re–Os isotopic analysis was subsequently carried out for the dating of these two petroleum. The Re–Os isotopic composition indicates a generation time of Guangyuan bitumen to locate between 572 Ma and 559 Ma, corresponding to the late Sinian period of Neoproterozoic era. By the means of Re–Os isochron ages, initial 187Os/188Os ratios, and carbon isotopic compositions, the Lower Cambrian bitumen is supposed to be originated from source rocks of the Doushantuo Formation in the Sinian strata and subsequently migrated into the reservoirs of Dengying Formation. These previously reserved petroleum had been transformed to present bitumen by the destruction of reservoirs caused by tectonic uplift. The Re–Os dating results of Middle–Lower Ordovician heavy oil of Tarim Basin supposed that it was formed between 450 Ma to 436 Ma, corresponding to the Late Ordovician–Early Silurian system, and the generated petroleum is likely to migrate into the Middle–Lower Ordovician karst reservoirs to form early oil reservoirs. With tectonic uplift, these oil reservoirs were degraded and reformed to be present heavy oil reservoirs.

Ral-interacting protein 76 (RLIP76) is a potential factor with vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in the corpus luteum and tumor angiogenesis. RLIP76, VEGF, and hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) are proteins that activate angiogenic functions in tumor and endothelial cells. RLIP76 is a main factor in tumor growth, and VEGF is a major endothelial cell protein for angiogenesis. Also, RLIP76 regulates a small GTPase (R-Ras, oncogene) in cell survival, spreading, and migration. HIF-1 is important in the corpus luteum, tumor angiogenesis, and tumor growth. VEGF and HIF-1 regulate the angiogenic function of RLIP76, and RLIP76 controls vascular growth in endothelial and tumor cells. RLIP76, R-Ras, VEGF, and HIF-1 may be useful in the research of corpus luteum and cancer therapy and the study of mechanisms of tumor angiogenesis. This review will help to elucidate the roles of RLIP76/R-Ras and VEGF via HIF-1 in corpus luteum and tumor angiogenesis, tumorigenesis, and the specific regulation of RLIP76 in luteal, tumor, and endothelial cells. Thus, we reviewed the angiogenesis of the corpus luteum and tumor in the ovarian and tumor microenvironment.

Many studies have focused on the impacts of rainfall duration and intensity while overlooking the role of rainfall patterns on intensive tillage erosion in hilly agricultural landscapes. The objective of this study was to determine the combined effects of rainfall patterns and intensive tillage erosion on surface runoff and soil loss on sloping farmland in the purple-soil area of China. Five simulated rainfall patterns (constant, rising, falling, rising-falling, and falling-rising) with the same total precipitation were designed, and the intensive tillage erosion treatment (IT) and no-tillage treatment (NT) were subjected to simulated rainfall using rectangular steel tanks (2 m × 5 m) with a slope of 15°. To analyse the differences in the hydrodynamic characteristics induced by tillage erosion, we calculated the flow velocity (V), Reynolds number (Re), Froude number (Fr), and Darcy-Weisbach resistance coefficient (f). The results indicate that significant differences in surface runoff and soil loss were found among different rainfall patterns and stages (P < 0.05). The falling pattern and falling-rising pattern had faster runoff-initiating times and larger sediment yields than those of the other rainfall patterns. f varied from 0.30 to 9.05 for the IT and 0.48 to 11.57 for the NT and exhibited an approximately inverse trend to V and Fr over the course of the rainfall events. Compared with the NT, the mean sediment yield rates from the IT increased the dynamic range of 8.34%–16.21% among different rainfall patterns. The net contributions of the IT ranged from 2.77% to 46.39% on surface runoff and 10.14%–78.95% on soil loss on sloping farmland. Surface runoff and soil loss were positively correlated with rainfall intensity, V, and Fr but negatively correlated with f irrespective of tillage intensive (P < 0.05). For varying-intensity rainfall patterns, soil and water loss fluctuated during rainfall events, suggesting that the changes in rainfall intensity and tillage intensity would result in drastic variations in soil hydrological characteristics and sediment transport mechanisms. The time sequences of rainfall intensity in each rainfall pattern significantly affected surface runoff, soil erosion, and their contribution rates to total soil and water loss. Moreover, tillage erosion effects on soil and water loss were closely related to rainfall patterns in hilly agricultural landscapes. Our study not only sheds light on the mechanism of tillage erosion and rainfall erosion but also provides useful insights for developing tillage-water erosion prediction models to evaluate soil and water loss on cultivated hillslopes.

Aerosol Optical Thickness (AOT) is one of the critical factors for global atmospheric conditions, climate change, and air pollution. AOT has been exposed as a major component of air pollution in Bangladesh. This paper aims to map the seasonal distribution of AOT from 2002-2022 and to explore the internal relationship between AOT and ten air pollutants using remote sensing and machine learning tools. These ten air pollutants are Particulate matter (PM2.5), Methane (CH4), Carbon monoxide (CO), Nitrogen dioxide (NO2), Formaldehyde (HCHO), Ozone (O3), Sulfur dioxide (SO2), Aerosol Particulate Radius (APR), Nitrogen oxide (NOx) and Black carbon (BC). The results show that the concentrations of AOT were higher in December-January-February (mean value 0.50) and March-April-May (mean value 0.50) seasons, mostly in the central, western, and southern parts of Dhaka, Narayanganj, and Munshiganj districts. AOT was a bit less in June-July-August (mean value 0.33) and September-October-November (mean value 0.37). This paper also revealed that the AOT was correlated positively with PM2.5 (0.60), CH4 (0.80), NO (0.76), and BC (0.83) while correlated negatively with CO (-0.66), HCHO (-0.16), SO2 (-0.41), APR (-0.48), and NOx (-0.20). From the machine learning, the Rational quadratic GPR (RME-0.0024, MAE-0.0015, R2-0.96), Matern 5/2 GPR (RMSE-0.0023, MAE-0.0015, R2-0.96), and Squared Exponential GPR (RMSE-0.0015, MAE-0.0015, R2-0.96) were found good classifiers to predict AOT. UN agencies, government line departments, and local and regional development councils for air pollution mitigation and long-term protective measures may use the paper's key results.

This study was carried out to identify the behaviour of Escherichia coli O157:H7 and of Listeria monocytogenes inoculated in Maronesa breed beef with different ultimate pH (pHu) (Normal and DFD), and stored at two different temperatures (4 and 9 ºC), during 28 days post mortem (pm). The main objective was to illustrate the problematic feature of dealing with beef meat showing high pHu and stored at mild abusive temperatures (9 ºC). Beef steaks (ms. longissimus dorsi) were inoculated with low levels (ca. 2 or 3 log CFU/g) of these both pathogens and packed in air, vacuum and three gaseous mixtures with decreasing O2 and increasing CO2 concentrations (MAP70/20, MAP50/40 and MAP30/60). At 4 ºC, the growth of E. coli O157:H7 presented the same pattern on Normal and DFD meat. On contrary, the growth of L. monocytogenes was higher on DFD meat, revealing the effect of the pHu and its psychotropic character. At abusive temperature, both pathogens grew, achieving high levels on DFD meat. In these cases, the MAP with the highest CO2 concentration (60%) revealed to be more effective against the development of E. coli O157:H7, presenting the lowest number of counts.

This research develops the Osteoporosis Knowledge, Attitude, and Behaviors Questionnaire (OKABQ) with the intent to evaluate levels of osteoporosis knowledge, attitude and behavior change. The aims of the study were to develop and validate the OKABQ; and to establish a mediation model of the research. A quantitative, descriptive, and instrumental study was conducted in two phases: Phase I—development of the scale through Delphi Method by osteoporosis experts; Phase II—evaluation of the validity and reliability of the scale and construction of a mediation model using SmartPLS. In Phase I, the content validity index (CVI) of the questionnaire was higher than 0.96 and the inter-rater reliability (IRR) kappa was 1.00. In Phase II, exploratory factor analysis showed that two predominating factors of attitude as a mediation were addressed by the 26-item OKABQ. The indirect effect results from the estimated model indicates that attitude mediates the relationship between knowledge and behaviors (β = 0.114, t = 2.627, p < 0.001), which is positive and statistically significant. We concluded that the OKABQ is a valid measure of osteoporosis knowledge, attitude and behaviors for women with osteoporosis. These assessment results could assist healthcare providers in mitigating insufficiency on health education.

The risk of 'zoonotic spillovers,' or the transmission of viruses from animals to humans, has been raised by climate change and the devastation of nature, as infectious disease experts have long warned. Even as the world works to stop the spread of the currently unfolding pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and the breakout of monkeypox virus (MPXV), a new animal virus, the Langya henipavirus (LayV), has been discovered in humans in Eastern China. The scientists say there is little danger of the virus spreading among humans, but it shares genetic material with Hendra virus and Nipah virus, two other henipaviruses that infect humans and cause life-threatening respiratory diseases. Humans infected with LayV can expect to experience high body temperature, cough, weariness, poor appetite, muscle discomfort, myalgia, nausea and vomiting. It is likely that the virus will spread from animals to humans. Currently, the health authorities of Taiwan and other health organizations are tracking the progress of the ailment to ensure it does not reach humans. Researchers have examined 25 species of small wild animals for presence of the virus, and so far, shrews are the only ones that have tested positive for the virus's RNA. Based on these results, shrews are a possible candidate for the virus's natural reservoir. Too far, no therapies or vaccines have been developed and licensed for henipaviruses like the LayV. When other therapies fail to alleviate viral infections, ribavirin may be the next best thing. The need for novel vaccinations against the LayV infection and the timely delivery of these vaccines to areas at high epidemiological risk is real. To lessen the likelihood of a health calamity being caused by this newly developing virus, it is crucial to conduct active surveillance in a transparent and globally collaborative manner. The questions that have not been answered yet require additional study.

Background: Newer personalized medicine including targeted therapies such as PARP inhibitors and CDK 4/6 inhibitors have shown to improve survival of breast and gynaecological cancer patients. However, efficacy outcomes may be hampered by treatment discontinuation due to targeted therapy-related adverse drug reactions or resistance. Studies suggest that add-on mistletoe (Viscum album L., VA) improves quality of life and ameliorates cytotoxic side effects of standard oncological therapy in cancer patients. The primary objective of this real-world data study was to determine the safety profile of targeted therapy in combination with add-on Helixor® VA therapy in breast and gynecological cancer patients. Methods: The present study is a real-world data study utilizing demographic and treatment data from the accredited national Network Oncology (NO) registry. The study has received ethics approval. The safety profile of targeted with or without Helixor® VA therapy as well as safety - associated variables were evaluated by univariate and adjusted multivariable regression analyses. Results: All stage breast or gynecological cancer patients (n = 242) were on average 54.5±14.2 years old. One hundred and sixty patients (66.1%) were in the control (CTRL, targeted therapy) and 82 patients (33.9%) in the combinational (COMB, targeted plus Helixor® VA therapy) group. The addition of Helixor® VA did not hamper the safety profile (χ2 = 0.107, p-value = 0.99) of targeted therapy. Furthermore, no adverse events and a trend towards an improved targeted therapy adherence were observed in the COMB group. Conclusions: The present study is the first of its kind showing the applicability of Helixor® VA in combination with targeted therapies. The results indicate that add-on Helixor® VA does not negatively alter the safety profile of targeted therapies in breast and gynaecological cancer patients.

Background: Low T3 syndrome occurs frequently in patients with sepsis. Type 3 deiodinase (Dio3) is present in immune cells but there is no description of its presence in this patients. Here we aimed to determine the prognostic impact of thyroid hormones levels (TH) measured on ICU admission on mortality and on evolution to chronic critical illness (CCI) and the presence of D3 in white cells. Methods: Prospective cohort study with a follow-up for 28 days or deceased. Results: Low T3 levels at admission were present in 86.5% of the patients. Dio3 was 55% induced in immune cells. The cut-off value of 60 pg/mL for T3 displayed a sensitivity and specificity of 81% and 64% for predicting death, odds ratio of 4.89. Lower T3 yielded an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.76 and 0.75 for mortality and evolution to CCI, respectively, thus displaying better performance than commonly used prognostic scores. Conclusions: We advance in the pathophysiology of low T3 showing induced D3 in immune cells during sepsis. Low T3 levels independently predicted a progression to CCI and mortality within 28 days in sepsis and septic shock.

Wolinella spp. and Helicobacter spp. have been repeatedly reported in the oral cavity of dogs and are associated with periodontal disease. Wolinella strains predominate in the oral cavity of dogs. The only known species of this genus, Wolinella succinogenes, was considered non-pathogenic until sequence analysis of its genome revealed homologous genes resembling virulence factors in Helicobacter pylori. This has led researchers to question the nonpathogenic status of W. succinogenes. The cagA and babA genes are examples of crucial virulence factors in H. pylori pathogenesis; thus, the present study evaluated the prevalence of these genera and assessed the Wolinella strain genome in terms of the presence of these virulence factors. Multiple specific PCR tests were performed on oral secretion samples collected from 62 dogs by sterile cytobrush to evaluate the genera, species, and presence of virulence genes. The species-specific 16s rRNA genes from the Helicobacter and Wolinella genera were detected in 58.06% and 83.87% of the oral samples, respectively. H. pylori were not detected in the specimens. No cagA and babA genes were detected in the Wolinella spp. or non-pylori Helicobacter genomes. Our results confirmed that Wolinella spp. is the predominant population compared to Helicobacter in the oral cavity of dogs. Apparently, the incidence of Helicobacter infections is generally associated with non-pylori Helicobacter organisms. Despite the hypothesis of genomic homology between W. succinogenes and H. pylori, cagA and babA virulence genes were not identified in any of the oral samples from the dogs.

Cultural practices and development level can influence a population’s household structures and mixing patterns. Within some populations households can be organized across multiple dwellings. This likely affects the spread of infectious disease spreads through these communities, however, current demographic data collection tools do not record these data. Methods: Between June–October 2018, the Contact And Mobility Patterns in remote Aboriginal Australian communities (CAMP-remote) pilot study recruited Aboriginal mothers with infants in a remote northern Australian community to complete a monthly iPad-based contact survey. Results: Thirteen mother-infant pairs (participants) completed 69 study visits between recruitment and the end of May 2019. Participants reported they and their other children slept in 28 dwellings during the study. The median dwelling occupancy, defined as people sleeping in the same dwelling on the previous night, was nine (range: 3.5–25). Participants who completed at least three responses (n=8) slept in a median of three dwellings (range: 2–9). Each month a median of 28% (range: 0%–63%) of the participants travelled out of the community. Including these data in disease transmission models amplified estimates of infectious disease spread in the study community, compared to models parameterized using census data. Conclusions: The lack of data on mixing patterns in populations where households can be organized across dwellings may negatively impact the accuracy of infectious disease models for these communities and the efficacy of public health actions they inform.

Cytoglobin has been implicated in a range of pathological conditions including fibrosis and cancer, where cytoglobin expression is linked to hypoxia- and drug-resistance. One disease where there is evidence of a role for cytoglobin is head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, a disease with a poor prognosis and where clinical resistance to platinum-based drugs is common. In the current study, we demonstrate that 3D-culture of head and neck cancer cells (PE/CA-PJ41, Liv-22K) and normal oral keratinocyte cells (NOK-hTERT) results in changes in sensitivity to cisplatin cytotoxicity compared to 2D-cultures. Relative to 2D-cultures, 3D-cultures of PE/CA-PJ41 and NOK-hTERT cells demonstrated increased cisplatin resistance. In contrast, 3D-cultures of Liv-22K cells were more sensitive to cisplatin. Evidence for cisplatin genotoxicity was observed in the form of GADD45A activation in PE/CA-PJ41 cells but not the other two cell types investigated. Furthermore, DNA-strand breaks were also detected by the alkaline comet assay in PE/CA-PJ41 cells although levels were not significantly affected by 3D-culture. Cytoglobin expression levels were elevated by 3D-culture in all three cell lines investigated and there were also changes in expression of genes related to cell division (MKI57, GJB6), cell adhesion (CDH1), stress response (NFkB, NQO1) and apoptosis (Casp3) but these changes were cell line specific. We also observed consistent transcriptional activation of HIF1a in 3D-cultures of all three cell lines, suggestive of hypoxic conditions in spheroids. In support of a direct role of hypoxia in cytoglobin induction, the HIF1a stabiliser cobalt chloride also induced cytoglobin expression in spheroids. Transcriptomic profiling of PE/CA-PJ41 cells over-expressing cytoglobin identified 121 differentially regulated genes, when cells were cultured under hypoxic conditions. Major changes identified included, upregulation of G1/S cell cycle regulation as well as wnt- and RhoGTPase-signalling pathways. In conclusion, 3D-cultures are a useful model to further study the biological function of cytoglobin in head and neck cancer and we provide evidence that further supports a role for cytoglobin in hypoxia-dependent cellular proliferation and phenotypic changes that could contribute to cisplatin resistance in vivo.

Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) remains a mystery in many respects. The importance of less common life-threatening diseases is still unclear. Therefore, in this study, it was attempted to determine the frequency of nontraumatic hemothorax, chylothorax, pleural, and pericardial effusion (PCE) in patients who underwent thoracic computed tomography during the pre-pandemic and pandemic period. Materials and Methods: This retrospective study included 147 patients over the age of 18 who were admitted to the emergency department between January 1st, 2019, and December 31st, 2020. The year 2019 was taken as the pre-pandemic period and the year 2020 was the pandemic period. Comorbidity, survival, and laboratory parameters of the patients were evaluated. Results: The mean age of the 147 patients included in the study was 66.41 ± 12.81 years, 54 (36.7%) were female, and the age range was 22–88 years. The mean plasma lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) level of the patients was 373.97 ± 115.77 U/L, plasma protein was 5.45 ± 1.00 gr/dL, fluid LDH was 229.37 ± 125.73 U/L, fluid/plasma LDH was 0.60 ± 0.23, fluid/plasma protein was 0.55 ± 0.29, and the amount of fluid discharged was 562.11 ± 243.01 mL. Bilateral lung involvement was present in 72 (49%) patients, and coagulation use was present in 59 (40.1%) patients. Pleural effusion (PE) was found in 43 (76.8%) of the hospitalized patients, hemothorax in 11 (19.6%) patients, and chylothorax in 4 (7.1%) patients. However, PCE was more common in the 16 (42.1%) patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) (P < 0.001). While 38 (25.9%) of the patients were admitted to the ICU, mortality was observed in 30 (20.4%) patients. Conclusion: Although PE, nontraumatic hemothorax, chylothorax, and PCE are rare in COVID-19 patients, they can cause severe inflammation and poor prognosis.

This article discusses the use of a hand held electronic nose to obtain information on the presence of some aromatic defects in natural cork stoppers, such as haloanisoles, alkylmethoxypyrazines and ketones. The proposed prototype has been developed as an instrumentation system with up to eight commercial gas sensors. Machine learning algorithms such as k-nearest neighbors and artificial neural networks has been used. The use of this system tries to improve the current aromatic defect detection process in the cork stopper industry, which is done by gas chromatography or human test panels.

The present article analyzes the connection between, on the one hand, gender equality and, on the other hand, loneliness and social isolation. It hypothesizes that modern relational institutions, that support gender equality, such as no-fault divorce laws, reduce loneliness in close relationships. This hypothesis is put to the test through a multilevel analysis of the ISSP 2017. The analysis reveals that the data agrees, to a large extent, with the theoretical arguments. The prevalence of loneliness is higher in countries with higher levels of gender inequality (as measured by the Gender Inequality Index [GII]). This can be attributed to a moderation effect: at lower levels of gender inequality, partnerships provide better protection from loneliness. These results are robust to controls for demographic composition, level of health, educational attainment, income poverty, and interview mode. Last, the analyses show that the threat of emotional isolation is more widespread in countries with low gender inequality. This finding, however, is only significant before controlling for demographic composition, level of health, educational attainment, income poverty, and interview mode, and it requires further analysis. The concluding section relates these findings to the popular tendency to argue that modern society has created a “loneliness epidemic.”

The spectacular radiation of insects has produced a stunning diversity of phenotypes. During the last 250 years, research on insect systematics has generated hundreds of terms for naming and comparing those phenotypes. In its current form, this terminological diversity is presented in natural language and lacks formalization, which prohibits computer-assisted comparison using semantic web technologies. Here we propose a Model for Describing Insect Anatomical Structures (MoDIAS) which incorporates structural properties and positional relationships for standardized, consistent, and reproducible descriptions of insect phenotypes. We applied the MoDIAS framework in creating the ontology for the Anatomy of the Insect Skeleto-Muscular system (AISM). The AISM is the first general insect ontology that aims to cover all taxa by providing generalized, fully logical, and queryable, definitions for each term. It was built using the Ontology Development Kit (ODK), which maximizes interoperability with Uberon (Uberon multi-species anatomy ontology) and other basic ontologies, enhancing the integration of insect anatomy into the broader biological sciences. A template system for adding new terms, extending and linking the AISM to additional anatomical, phenotypic, genetic, and chemical ontologies is also introduced. The AISM is proposed as the backbone for taxon-specific insect ontologies and has potential applications spanning systematic biology and biodiversity informatics, allowing users to (1) use controlled vocabularies and create semi-automated computer-parsable insect morphological descriptions; (2) integrate insect morphology into broader fields of research, including ontology-informed phylogenetic methods, logical homology hypothesis testing, evo-devo studies, and genotype to phenotype mapping; and (3) automate the extraction of morphological data from the literature, enabling the generation of large-scale phenomic data, by facilitating the production and testing of informatic tools able to extract, link, annotate, and process morphological data. This system will allow for clear and semantically interoperable integration of insect phenotypes in biodiversity studies.

Recently, electrocatalysts for oxygen reduction reactions (ORRs) as well as oxygen evolution reactions (OERs) hinged on electrospun nanofiber composites have attracted wide research attention. Transition metal elements and heteroatomic doping are important methods used to enhance their catalytic performances. Lately, the construction of electrocatalysts based on metal-organic framework (MOF) electrospun nanofibers has become a research hotspot. In this work, bimetallic NixCoy-ZIF nanocrystals were synthesized in an aqueous solution, followed by NixCoy-ZIF/PAN electrospun nanofiber precursors, which were prepared by a simple electrospinning method. Bimetal (Ni-Co) porous carbon nanofiber catalysts doped with nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur elements were obtained at high-temperature carbonization treatment in different atmospheres (Ar, Air, and H2S), respectively. The morphological properties, structures, and composition were characterized by SEM, TEM, SAED, XRD, and XPS. Also, the specific surface area of materials and their pore size distribution was characterized by BET. Linear sweep voltammetry curves investigated catalyst performances towards oxygen reduction and evolution reactions. Importantly, Ni1Co2-ZIFs/PAN-Ar yielded the best ORR activity, whereas Ni1Co1-ZIFs/PAN-Air exhibited the best OER performance. This work provides significant guidance for the preparation and characterization of multi-doped porous carbon nanofibers carbonized in different atmospheres.

Schizophrenia is widely seen as a disorder of dysconnectivity. Neuroimaging studies have examined both structural and functional connectivity in the disorder, but these modalities have rarely been integrated directly. We scanned 29 patients with schizophrenia and 25 healthy control subjects and acquired resting state fMRI and diffusion tensor imaging. The Functional and Tractographic Connectivity Analysis Toolbox (FATCAT) was used to estimate functional and structural connectivity of the default mode network. Correlations between modalities were investigated, and multimodal connectivity scores (MCS) were created using principal components analysis. Nine of 28 possible region pairs showed consistent (>80%) tracts across participants. Correlations between modalities were found among those with schizophrenia for the prefrontal cortex, posterior cingulate, and lateral temporal lobes with frontal and parietal regions, consistent with frontotemporoparietal network involvement in the disorder. In patients, MCS values correlated with several aspects of the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale, positively with those involving inwardly directed psychopathology, and negatively with those involving external psychopathology. In this preliminary sample, we found FATCAT to be a useful toolbox to directly integrate and examine connectivity between imaging modalities. A consideration of conjoint structural and functional connectivity can provide important information about the network mechanisms of schizophrenia.

Trauma is one of the most common causes of death or permanent disability in young people, so a timely diagnostic approach is crucial. In polytrauma patients, CEUS has been shown to be more sensitive than US for the detection of solid organ injuries, improving the identification and grading of traumatic abdominal lesions with levels of sensitivity and specificity similar to those seen with MDCT. CEUS is recommended for the diagnostic evaluation of hemodynamically stable patients with isolated blunt moderate-energy abdominal traumas and for the diagnostic follow-up of conservatively managed abdominal traumas. In this pictorial review we illustrate the advantages and disadvantages of CEUS and the procedure details with tips and tricks during investigation of blunt moderate-energy abdominal trauma as well as during follow-up in non-operative management.

The present study was conducted to investigate the comparative effects of organic and inorganic forms of sulfur, methyl sulfonyl methane (MSM) and sodium sulfate (SS), on laying performance, egg quality, ileal morphology, ileal volatile fatty acids, and antioxidant and stress markers in various biological samples in aged laying hens. A total of 144, 73-week-old Lohman Brown-Lite laying hens were randomly assigned to one of three experimental diets: basal diet (CONT), CONT + 0.2% MSM (MSM), and CONT + 0.3% SS (SS). The trial lasted for 12 weeks. MSM and SS groups contained 0.07% of sulfur, either organic or inorganic. Dietary MSM did not affect egg production and feed conversion ratio at 12 weeks compared with the CONT group. Dietary sulfur did not affect egg quality except for Haugh unit at 4 weeks which was lowered (P &lt; 0.05) in the SS group. Compared with the CONT group, higher (P &lt; 0.05) villus height and crypt depth ratio was observed in the SS group. None of dietary sulfur affected the percentages of short-chain fatty acids in the ileum. Total antioxidant capacity of liver increased (P &lt; 0.05) in laying hens fed MSM- and SS-added diets compared with the CONT group. The MSM and SS groups lowered (P &lt; 0.05) malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration in serum samples compared with the CONT. Finally, dietary MSM had the lowest (P &lt; 0.05) MDA concentrations in yolk samples. Taken together, our study showed that dietary organic and inorganic sulfur have positive effects on ileal morphology and antioxidant capacity in laying hens. However, SS-mediated inhibition in laying performance needs to be clarified.

Ralstonia solanacearum is a pathogen that causes bacterial wilt producing severe damage in staple solanaceous crops. Traditional control has low efficacy and/or environmental impact. Recently, the bases of a new biotechnological method by lytic bacteriophages vRsoP-WF2, vRsoP-WM2 and vRsoP-WR2 with specific activity against R. solanacearum were established. However, some aspects remain unknown, such as the survival and maintenance of the lytic activity after submission to a preservation method as the lyophilization. To this end, viability and stability of lyophilized vRsoP-WF2, vRsoP-WM2 and vRsoP-WR2 and their capacity for bacterial wilt biocontrol have been determined against one pathogenic Spanish reference strain of R. solanacearum in susceptible tomato plants in different conditions and making use of various cryoprotectants. The assays carried out have shown satisfactory results with respect to the viability and stability of the bacteriophages after the lyophilization process, maintaining high titres throughout the experimental period, also with respect to the capacity of the bacteriophages for the biological control of bacterial wilt, controlling this disease in more than 50% of the plants. The results offer good prospects for the use of lyophilization as a conservation method for the lytic bacteriophages of R. solanacearum in view of their commercialization as biocontrol agents.

The article is devoted to the topical problem of estimating water content in water-oil mixtures and porous media they saturate, according to low-field NMR relaxometry and dielectric spectroscopy. The aim of the research is to theoretically substantiate and experimentally validate the capability of joint interpretation of data from these methods to acquire information on the filtration-volumetric properties of drill cuttings, relaxation characteristics of oil-containing fluids, water/oil ratio in water-oil mixtures and saturated with them drill cuttings in order to control the composition of liquids produced from boreholes. The studies were carried out on samples of cuttings and oils taken from fields in the northern and Arctic regions of the West Siberian oil-and-gas province. Based on the experimental data obtained, we evaluated the water content in the water-oil mixtures, determined the main NMR parameters of the mixtures in terms of properties of the constituent oils, and specified the parameters and shapes of NMR and complex dielectric permittivity spectra. The NMR method was found to be effective in examining high-viscosity and medium-viscosity oils, while the dielectric spectroscopy method – in the study of light oils; their integration allows obtaining reliable data for all the samples under study. We also showed how the shapes of NMR and complex dielectric permittivity spectra depend on the rheological properties of oil belonging to the mixture.

PSD-95 (Dlg4) is an ionotropic glutamate receptor scaffolding protein essential in synapse stability and neurotransmission. PSD-95 levels are reduced during aging and in neurodegenerative diseases like Huntington’s disease (HD), and it is believed to contribute to synaptic dysfunction and behavioral deficits. However, the mechanism responsible for PSD-95 dysregulation under these conditions is unknown. The Heat Shock transcription Factor 1 (HSF1), canonically known for its role in protein homeostasis, is also depleted in both aging and HD. Synaptic protein levels, including PSD-95, are influenced by alterations in HSF1 levels and activity, but the direct regulatory relationship between PSD-95 and HSF1 has yet to be determined. Here, we showed that HSF1 chronic or acute depletion in cell lines and mice decreased PSD-95 expression. Furthermore, HSF1(+/-) mice had reduced PSD-95 synaptic puncta that paralleled a loss in thalamo-striatal excitatory synapses, an important circuit disrupted early in HD. We demonstrated that HSF1 binds to regulatory elements present in the PSD-95 gene and directly regulates PSD-95 expression. HSF1 DNA-binding on the PSD-95 gene was disrupted in an age-dependent manner in WT mice and worsened in HD cells and mice, leading to reduced PSD-95 levels. These results demonstrate a direct role of HSF1 in synaptic gene regulation that has important implications in synapse maintenance in basal and pathological conditions.

Background: Recent researches have investigated the biological importance of RNA N1-methyladenosine (m1A) modifications in oncogenesis and progression of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). However, whether m1A modifications also have latent effect in tumor microenvironment (TME) generation and immune regulation in HNSCC is unknown. Methods: We evaluated the m1A modification patterns and related to these modification patterns with TME cell infiltration features in 1041 HNSCC samples by bioinformatics approach. Results: The m1A score is an independent prognostic indicator. HNSCC patients with low m1A score group with poor overall survival (OS) was mainly characterized by stroma activation, lack of sufficient immune infiltration, and exhibited an immune- desert TME phenotype. Low m1A scores were also correlated with increased tumor mutation burden (TMB), and HNSCC patients with high TMB and low m1A scores had the worst OS. In addition, anti-CTLA-4 combined with anti-PD1 treatment was more effective in the high m1A score subgroup than in the low m1A score subgroup. Conclusions: This study revealed that m1A modifications play a non-negligible role in developing the TME versatility and complexity of HNSCC. Assessing m1A modification patterns in HNSCC helps improve our comprehension of its TME infiltration profile and guides more effective immunotherapeutic approaches.

The planetary boundary layer height (PBLH) is one of the key factors in influencing the dispersion of the air pollutants in the troposphere and hence the air pollutant concentration on ground level. For this reason, accurate air pollutant concentration depends on the performance of PBLH prediction. Recently, ceilometer, a lidar instrument to measure cloud base height, has been used by atmospheric scientists and air pollution control authorities to determine the mixing level height (MLH) in improving forecasting and understanding the evolution of aerosol layers above ground at a site. In this study, ceilometer data at an urban (Lidcombe) and a rural (Merriwa) location in the New South Wales, Australia was used to validate the PBLH prediction from two air quality models (CCAM-CTM and WRF-CMAQ) as well as to understand the aerosol transport from sources to receptor point at Merriwa for the three case studies where high PM10 concentration was detected in each of the three days. The results show that the PBLH prediction by the two air quality models corresponds reasonably well with observed ceilometer data and the cause and source of high PM10 concentration at Merriwa can be found by using ceilometer MLH data to corroborate with back trajectory analysis of transport of aerosols to the receptor point at Merriwa. Of the three case studies, one had aerosol source from north and north west of Merriwa in remote NSW where windblown dust is the main source, and the other two had sources from south and south east of Merriwa where anthropogenic sources dominate,

Assuming that climate warming in the WSL will lead to a northward shift of the forest and permafrost boundaries, a “substituting space for time” approach predicts an increase in concentration of DIC and labile major and trace elements and a decrease of the transport of DOC and low soluble trace metals in the form of colloids in the main stem of the Ob River. However, an unknown factor is the change in hydrochemistry of the largest southern tributary, the Irtysh River, which is impacted by permafrost-free steppe and forest-steppe zone. Overall, seasonally-resolved transect studies of large riverine systems of western Siberia are needed to assess the hydrochemical response of this environmentally-important territory to on-going climate change.

sustainability reporting, critical paradigm, upstream oil, and gasThe operating activities of the upstream oil and gas industry directly impact the environment. This industry faces significant social challenges and directly impacts the environment. Many Reputable international sustainability institutions organize sustainability awards. However, community conditions do not have a positive impact on sustainability practices. There are vari-ous serious violations related to sustainability, environmental pollution, multiple cases of cor-ruption, human rights, and other violations. In contrast, the companies receiving this award also received inspection findings of violations committed by The Audit Board of the Republic of In-donesia. This study uses critical discourse analysis that begins with phenomena related to viola-tions of sustainability reporting from scientific journals and other references using a systematic literature review approach over the last ten years. It produces a critical paradigm that is not val-ue-free, which is the basis for framing thought utilizing the theory of hegemony. The results of this study indicate that the upstream oil and gas industries are obliged to implement Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) practices and Sustainability Reports (SR), has biased factors that are contrary to the sustainability concept and are not under the sustainability award based on evi-dence obtained from the stages of manuscript analysis with systematic literature review

Black horehound (Ballota nigra L.) is one of the important medicinal plants, which is a rich source of health-promoting essential oils. Salinity stress affects plant development and alters the quality and quantity of plants extracts and their composition. This study was aimed to investigate the effect of salinity on morphological, physiological characteristics, and secondary metabolites of B. nigra under greenhouse, and in vitro culture conditions. The plants were treated with different concentrations of NaCl (25, 50, 75, 100 mM) and fresh and dry weight of leaf and stem were measured as well as morphological characteristics of the plant. Plant growth was reduced with the increased salinity concentrations. The results showed that all growth-related traits and SPAD were decreased both in vivo and in vitro. Additionally, increased salt concentration affected the cell membrane integrity. Total phenolics content of plants growing in the greenhouse, increased by 21% at 50 mM NaCl, but at higher stress levels (100 mM NaCl), the amounts were decreased significantly. Total flavonoids contents followed similar patterns, with a slight difference. In addition, the maximum and minimum total phenolics contents of plants growing under in vitro condition were observed at 50 mM NaCl and control treatments, respectively. Increasing the salt concentration significantly affected the total flavonoids content, and as a result, the highest amount was observed in 50 and 75 mM NaCl treatments. Antioxidant activity was also measured. Among the NaCl treatments, the highest DPPH scavenging activities (IC50) under greenhouse and in vitro conditions were detected at 50 mM and 25 mM concentrations, respectively. In general, based on the results, with increasing the salinity level to 75 mM, the activities of CAT and APX were significantly upregulated in both greenhouse and in vitro culture conditions. A correlation between total phenolics and flavonoids contents as well as antioxidant activity were obtained. With shifting salinity stress, the type and the amount of the identified essential oil compounds changed. Compounds such as styrene, tridecanol, germacrene-D, beta-Ionone, beta-bisabolene, and caryophyllene oxide increased compared to the controlled treatment.

Magnesium (Mg) is a vital element, which involves in various key cellular processes in plants. Mg transporter (MGT) genes play an important role in magnesium distribution and ionic balance maintenance. Here, MGT family members were identified and characterized in three species of the plant family Malvaceae, including Theobroma cacao, Corchorus capsularis, and Gossypium hirsutum to improve our understanding of their structure, regulatory systems, functions, and possible interactions. We identified 18, 41, and 16 putative non-redundant MGT genes from the genome of T. cacao, G. hirsutum, and C. capsularis, respectively, which were clustered into five groups within maximum likelihood tree. Several segmental/tandem duplication events were determined between MGTs genes. It seems that MGTs were slowly evolving and have been evolved under a purifying selection. Analysis of gene promoter regions showed that MGTs have a high potential to respond to biotic/abiotic stresses as well as hormones. The expression patterns of MGT genes revealed their possible T. cacaorole in response to P. megakarya fungi in T. cacao, whereas MGT genes showed differential expression in various tissues and respond to several abiotic stresses, including cold, salt, drought, and heat stress in G. hirsutum. Besides, the co-expressions network of MGTs indicated that genes involved in auxin responsive, lipid metabolism, cell wall organization, and photoprotection can interact with MGTs.

Regeneration of peripheral nerves depends on the ability of axons to navigate through an altered extracellular environment. It has been suggested that Schwann cells facilitate this process through their secretion of neuropeptides and proteases. Using the RT4-D6P2T Schwann cell line (RT4), we have previously shown that RT4 cultures endogenously express the neuropeptide PACAP, and respond to exogenous stimulation by inducing the expression of tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) and urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA) through PAC1 receptor activation. In this study, based on recent findings showing that doxycycline and minocycline act as positive allosteric modulators (PAMs) of the PAC1 receptor, we tested if treatment with these tetracyclines could induce the expression and activity of tPA and uPA in RT4 cells. Using ELISA and zymographic analyses, we demonstrate that doxycycline and minocycline reliably induce the secretion and activity of both tPA and uPA, which is paralleled by an increased expression levels, as shown by immunocytochemistry and Western blots. These actions were mediated, at least in part, by the PAC1 receptor, as PACAP6-38 mitigated tetracycline-induced expression and activity of tPA and uPA. We conclude that doxycycline and minocycline can act as PAMs of the PAC1 receptor to promote proteolytic activity in RT4 cells.

This study used structural equation modelling (SEM) to evaluate the direct effect of sex and age on stroke types and outcomes in Tertiary Health Facilities in Rives State, Nigeria. The study was a cross-sectional retrospective hospital-based research that utilized specific stroke patients’ information between 2015-2019. The study obtained the sex and age, stroke type (ischemic/hemorrhagic), and outcomes (No disability/disability/death) from the records. The retrieved data was Microsoft Excel (2016), then analyzed using SPSS (version 21, Amos) and STATGRAPHICS centurion (Stat Point Tech., Inc.). From the result, out of the recorded 1916 stroke patients, 1229 (64.1%) were female, while 687 (35.9%) were males. The older adults (>55 years) had more recorded cases (n=1289) than young adults (ages 18–35 years; n=77) and middle-aged adults (ages 36–55 years, n=550). The SEM results showed that age was significantly associated with stroke type (P<0.001) and outcomes (P=0.038), while sex was significantly associated with stroke outcomes (P<0.001). The likelihood of death was 1.3 times higher in hemorrhagic stroke than ischemic stroke. In conclusion, age and sex had direct effects on stroke type, while age had a direct effect on stroke outcome. Hemorrhagic stroke was more likely to cause death than ischemic stroke in the studied population.

Increasing and prolonged droughts have become a feature of the South African environmental landscape. This article investigates the sustainability of water procurement to the rural town of Beaufort West and the reasons for the town’s water provision crises during the droughts of 2009-2011 and 2017-2019. Innovative solutions were reached to alleviate the serious water-shortages during these droughts. Data to illustrate population increases and precipitation decreases, which impacted on the town’s water resources, was collected from census records of Statistics South Africa and from the Department of Water and Sanitation, respectively. A number of risk factors contributed to the town’s water crises, e.g. unsustainable water extraction at times of serious droughts, poor water monitoring, metering and attention to leakages, an expansion of informal settlements within the municipal boundaries of Beaufort West, as well as annual rainfall patterns that became increasingly unpredictable. The article concludes that water resource development had not kept pace with demand, therefore water infrastructure should be built with enough capacity to cope with regular dry periods. Equilibrium should be reached between the water expectations of the community and water availability to avoid future social instability in water-stressed towns such as Beaufort West.

Introduction: Over decades, much have been said and done regarding under-five mortality in Ethiopia. The country has been following the lead of sustainable development goals and UNICEF with its transformation plan targets. However, unless the efforts supported by status assessing studies, it might be difficult for the country to progress. Thus, the current study was directed to identify the prevalence and associated factors of under-five mortality in 2019. Methods: According to the study criteria, we extract and cleaned data in STATA v. 15.0. The data then weighted as per the sampling weight, primary sampling unit, and strata before analyzing in STATA 15.0. Data management consisted of descriptive (mean, standard deviation, and proportion or percent) and association statistics. We deliberated binary logistic regression for this analysis and we checked each variable at 0.25 p-values to include in the model. The final p-value to declare association was p <0.05 and AOR with 95% CI was also applied to describe the results. The data source was the Ethiopian Mini Demographic Health Survey (EMDHS) 2019. EMDHS collected the data from 8,885 in a face-to-face manner with a 99% response rate. Results: From 5,527 numbers of weighted women with under-five analysed in this study, the proportion of under-five mortality was 277.23(5.02%). Factors like 2nd birth order 0.52(0.35, 0.79), 3rd-4th 0.49(0.28, 0.84), 1-2 ANC visits 0.24(0.12, 0.49, ANC visit three’ 0.14(0.07, 0.28), ANC visit four and above 0.22(0.14, 0.36), in marriage mother 0.43(0.19, 0.96), ‘1-2 under-five children 0.02(0.011, 0.03), and greater than three under-five children 0.007(0.0007, 0.004) were all negatively associated with under-five mortality rate. Conclusion: To obtain the exalted outcome out of this study, the government might need to increase antenatal care, women education, institutional delivery, and the modern contraceptive methods use through enhanced community mobilization, health education using community health workers, increasing access to essential cares of mothers and children, and the policy commitment for the issues related to family size, birth order, and birth interval.

Climate change causes weather extremes to rise in frequency and severity, which could have detrimental effects on human life, property and livelihood activity. There is significant uncertainty about the influences of anthropogenic climate change on the occurrence and severity of small-scale, sudden onset weather phenomena such as hailstorms and subsequent loss and damage. Yet, several studies indicate that there is an apparent stable connection between hailstorm activity and hailstorm damage. Severe hailstorm events are observed in Bangladesh in recent years, which are, in fact, rapid-onset disasters but low exposure in terms of giving government response and media consideration. Hence this study examines potential impacts and management strategies for loss and damage resulting from hailstorm events among smallholder farmers in Kurigram District's Phulbari Upazila of Bangladesh. Firstly, the direct and long term economic and non-economic loss and damage caused by the hailstorm on human well-beings and livelihoods were assessed. Then, the study evaluated the current adaptation, coping, management and response strategies at the institutional and community level in the context of such extreme events. Finally, a regulatory framework and implementation approaches had suggested achieving the country's resilience against disaster and climate change-induced loss and damage. Participatory Vulnerability Analysis, Key Informant Interviews and Sample Surveys accumulated the primary data for the study. In addition, secondary data were collected through analysis of literature, published and unpublished scientific articles and media reports, etc. This research outcome will help countries develop a guideline to address climate change and disaster-related loss and damage.

The study of interactions between polyelectrolytes (PE) and surfactants is of great interest for both fundamental and applied research. These mixtures can represent, for example, models of self-assembly and molecular organization in biological systems, but they are also relevant in industrial applications. Amphiphilic block polyelectrolytes represent an interesting class of PE, but their interactions with surfactants have not been extensively explored so far, most studies being restricted to non-associating PE. In this work, interactions between an anionic amphiphilic triblock polyelectrolyte and different types of surfactants bearing respectively negative, positive and no charge, are investigated via surface tension and solution rheology measurements for the first time. It is evidenced that the surfactants have different effects on viscosity and surface tension, depending on their charge type. Micellization of the surfactant is affected by the presence of the polymer in all cases; shear viscosity of polymer solutions decreases in presence of same charge or nonionic surfactants, while the opposite charge surfactant cause precipitation. This study highlights the importance of the charge type, and the role of the associating hydrophobic block in the PE structure, on the solution behavior of the mixtures. Moreover, a possible interaction model is proposed, based on the obtained data.