This study examines the aggregate consumption function of Saudi Arabia from 2000 to 2022, focusing on identifying key determinants of household consumption and evaluating the impacts of disposable income, household wealth, government expenditure, interest rates, and oil revenues. The research uses advanced econometric methods, including the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) model and Johansen cointegration test, to analyze the relationships among these variables. The findings reveal that disposable income, household wealth, and government expenditure significantly and positively influence consumption, whereas interest rates show a negative correlation. Oil revenues also play a critical role, reflecting the country's economic reliance on oil. The study highlights the necessity for economic diversification to reduce the impact of oil price volatility on household income and consumption stability. The results offer crucial insights for policymakers, emphasizing the need for strategies that enhance household income and wealth, maintain robust public sector spending, and effectively manage interest rates. These findings also support the importance of consistent and predictable income sources for sustaining consumption. Additionally, this study suggests directions for future research, including developing sophisticated forecasting models to predict consumption trends and exploring other influencing factors such as demographic shifts and technological progress.

The normative and safeguarding role of ethics and law in the development of biomedical science and technology, as well as their importance in promoting the progress of the industry, analyzed the key role of ethics and law in the field of biomedical science and technology, by restricting scientific research behavior, protecting the rights and safety of subjects, providing a solid guarantee for scientific research activities, and promoting the healthy development of biomedical science and technology. At the same time, the positive role of ethics and law in promoting international cooperation and exchange of biomedical science and technology is also discussed, which will inject strong impetus into the global development of biomedical science and technology. In addition, through case analysis, the paper demonstrates the key role of ethical review in the field of biomedical science and technology, as well as the importance of law in maintaining market order, protecting subjects' rights and interests, and fairness and justice. The successful practice of ethics and law in the development of biomedical science and technology is emphasized, which proves that following ethical principles and legal framework is the key factor to promote the progress of biomedical science and technology. This paper explores the important role of ethics and law in the development of biomedical science and technology, and provides valuable reference and guidance for practitioners in the industry. By following ethical principles and legal norms, we will jointly promote the prosperity and development of biomedical science and technology, and contribute to the common progress of human health.

This article addresses the emergence of a niche for sustainable agricultural production in the province of García Rovira, Colombia. It examines the intervention of the Colombian planning regime, which implements agendas for sustainable territorial development. However, these agendas are not adequately aligned with provincial realities, resulting in a productive decline. From a multi-level perspective, a niche of production linked to the landscape is identified, highlighting sustainable practices and innovation. The study seeks to understand how planning influences the emergence of such niches and what factors boost their transition to sustainability. Through a mixed methodology, growing sectors are highlighted, and the profiles of the producers involved are outlined. The main conclusion is that the planned intervention is inefficient, as the niche of sustainable production emerges without its clear influence. Therefore, it is proposed to re-evaluate planning using alternative analysis frameworks to detect emerging productive dynamics, serving as a basis for future plans.

Quantum correlations, especially time correlations, are crucial in ghost imaging in order to significantly reduce the background noise on the one hand while increasing the imaging resolution. Moreover, the time correlations serve as a critical reference, distinguishing between signal and noise, which in turn enable clear visualization of biological samples. Quantum imaging also addresses the challenge involved in imaging delicate biological structures with minimal photon exposure and sample damage. Here we explore the recent progress in quantum correlation-based imaging, notably its impact on secure imaging and remote sensing protocols as well as on biological imaging. We also exploit the quantum characteristics of heralded single-photon sources (HSPS) combined with decoy-state methods for secure imaging. This method uses Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) principles to reduce measurement uncertainties and protect data integrity. It is highly effective in low-photon-number regimes for producing high-quality, noise-reduced images. The versatility of decoy-state methods with WCSs (WCS) is also discussed, highlighting their suitability for scenarios requiring higher photon numbers. We emphasize the dual advantages of these techniques: improving image quality through noise reduction and enhancing data security with quantum encryption, suggesting significant potential for quantum imaging in various applications, from delicate biological imaging to secure quantum communication.

Understanding mechanisms of ageing remains a complex challenge for biogerontologists, but recent adaptations of evolutionary ageing theories offer a compelling lens in which to view both age-related molecular and physiological deterioration. Ageing is commonly associated with a progressive loss of biochemical processes and degeneration of molecular material, however, the mechanisms of diminishing function are not simply a result of aberrant expression of these pathways. Natural selection pressures are at their highest in youthful periods to select genes advantageous to maximising reproductive capacity. After sexual maturation, selective pressure diminishes, subjecting individuals to maladaptive pleiotropic gene function once beneficial for developmental growth, but pathogenic later in life. Due to this selective ‘shadowing’ in ageing, mechanisms to counter hyperfunctional genes are unlikely to evolve within a given species. These genetic ‘run-on’ programmes are not dysfunctional per se and, in fact, remain highly robust. Thus, interventions capable of optimising gene function during the ageing process represent as attractive therapeutic modalities. Caenorhabditis elegans offers a unique model to explore high-throughput screening of interventions to combat hyperfunctional pathways involved in ageing. However, the majority of research to date employ whole-life vs late-life pathway manipulation of developmental/growth-related systems to claim ageing attenuation, despite significant impairments in early-life fitness and discordance with healthspan. Here, we discuss data supporting hyperfunctional changes at a global molecular and functional level in C. elegans, and how classical lifespan-extension mutants alter these dynamics. We later discuss the relevance of such mutant models for exploring mechanisms of ageing, highlighting that post-reproductive gene manipulation represents a far more translatable approach for C. elegans research not routed within pleiotropic constraints. More so, lifespan has become a routine readout for quantifying ‘ageing’, however, we make the argument that a compression of gerospan vs lifespan extension is a more meaningful goal for anti-ageing regimes with current knowledge. Similarly, mechanisms governing lifespan are distinct from those regulating health, and slowing senescent pathology accumulation appears more applicable for the abstraction to human ageing.

Abstract Introduction: Poor structural quality of health facilities for tuberculosis (TB) diagnosis and treatment contributes to unfavorable health outcomes among TB patients. Improving the quality of healthcare services helps to avert TB-related morbidity. Despite these facts, the level of structural quality of health facilitieSs to deliver TB services is not in line with what the national TB and leprosy program (NTLP) recommends. Hence, the present study was conducted to assess the structural quality of health facilities to deliver quality TB services to TB patients among public health facilities in the Sidama region.Objectives: To determine the quality of the structural domain of TB services at public health facilities in the Sidama region of southern Ethiopia.Methods: An institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted from June to July 2023 among randomly selected public health facilities in the Sidama region. We included 40 randomly selected public health facilities that delivered TB services in the study area. Data was collected by experienced data collectors using facility audits, clinical observation checklists, structured questionnaires, and in-depth interviews. An Open Kit Mobile (ODK) application was used to collect data and exported to SPSS version 26. All statistical analysis was done using SPSS version 26.Results: The overall mean quality score for the structural dimension was 50.25 among the 40 health facilities audited in the study area.Conclusion: The quality of TB services regarding structural dimensions was poor in the study area. Therefore, any strategies must give careful attention to increasing the comprehensive structural dimension of quality TB services.

This review explores the transformative impact of sensor technologies in early disease detection. It highlights recent advancements in nanotechnology-based sensors, particularly focusing on their applications in identifying disease biomarkers at early stages. The integration of these sensors with artificial intelligence for predictive analytics in healthcare is also discussed. Applications in cancer, infectious diseases, and chronic disease management underscore their diverse utility. Challenges in sensor technology adoption and future directions, including multiplexed sensors and wearable devices, are examined. This review underscores sensors' potential in enhancing disease management and patient outcomes.

Computed tomography (CT) is a widely employed imaging modality with diverse clinical applications in pediatric and adult populations, offering numerous advantages. Despite several alternatives to imaging modalities with ionising radiation, CT scans have demonstrated persistent global popularity, contributing to a substantial amount of effective radiation doses for patients. This exposure results in hazards, including stochastic effects that amplify the radiation-induced cancer risk proportionally to the radiation dose received. CT-related radiation comprises a substantial portion of cumulative effective doses within diagnostic radiology, specifically impacting younger patient cohorts undergoing repeated investigations for chronic diseases over time. Scientific literature over recent decades has explored various methods to mitigate radiation doses during medical imaging. One notable strategy involves implementing low-dose and ultralow-dose CT protocols, maintaining diagnostic efficacy in acute and non-acute medical and surgical conditions. Utilising innovative image reconstruction algorithms, such as iterative reconstruction and emerging deep-learning algorithms based on artificial intelligence, plays a pivotal role in achieving an approximately 80% reduction in patient radiation compared to standard doses. This review article discusses the significance of low-dose protocols across a spectrum of acute and chronic medical conditions affecting different body systems.

Molecular docking, a computational method predicting how molecules bind to target proteins, is employed in this study to explore Polydatin's interactions with Ras-related protein Rab (Rab) proteins using the Mcule Database. This database validates the docking results and offers insights into the pharmacological properties of Polydatin. Notably, specific Rab proteins like Rab-5A, HRas, and Rab-18 exhibit robust interactions with Polydatin, indicated by favorable binding energies.These findings illuminate the potential roles of Polydatin in therapeutic and biological contexts, emphasizing its interaction with Rab proteins. The Mcule Database enhances the credibility of the study, providing additional perspectives on Polydatin's applications. The observed interactions, particularly with key proteins like HRas, present a promising avenue for modulating cellular signaling pathways. This modulation holds therapeutic potential, potentially addressing conditions associated with pathway overactivity, including specific cancer types.

The assessment of Histone deacetylases in conjunction with Curcumin, conducted through the Mcule Database employing the Autodock Vina algorithm, involves an examination of molecular interactions. This analysis includes the calculation of binding energies, revealing the strength and stability of the interactions between Curcumin and various Histone deacetylase targets. The comparison encompasses diverse aspects such as binding energies, specific binding sites, interactions across different targets, structural details, and potential implications for biological activity. The results imply that Curcumin shows heightened affinity for Histone deacetylase 4 in comparison to other investigated histone deacetylases.

This article explores the cutting-edge advancement of gypsum and cement building boards infused with shape-stabilized n-octadecane, an organic phase change material (PCM). The primary focus is on improving energy efficiency and providing electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding capabilities for contemporary buildings. The research investigates the integration of these materials into construction materials, using red-mud Carbon Foam as a stabilizer for n-octadecane (OD@CCF). Various analyses, including microstructural examination, porosity assessment, and additive dispersion, were conducted using X-ray microtomography and density measurements. Thermal conductivity measurements demonstrated the enhancement of composite boards as the OD@CCF content increased, while mechanical tests indicated an optimal additive content of up to 20%. The thermal-regulated capabilities of these advanced panels were evaluated in a custom-designed room model equipped with a homemade environmental chamber, illustrating a consistent temperature environment during heating and cooling cycles. The incorporation of OD@CCF into cement boards exhibited improved thermal energy storage properties. Moreover, the examined composite boards displayed efficient electromagnetic shielding performance within the frequency range of 3.2–7.0 GHz, achieving EMI values of approximately 18 and 19.5 dB for gypsum and cement boards, respectively, meeting the entry-level value required for commercial applications.

A multi-environment evaluation of sorghum genotypes was conducted across six environments in the 2021 main growing season in a randomized complete block design with three replications. The objectives of the study were to estimate the magnitude of genotypes by environment interaction (GEI) and grain yield stability of drought-tolerant sorghum genotypes across different environments. Data were subjected to analysis of variance, Additive Main Effects and Multiplicative Interaction (AMMI), and GGE biplot analysis. Combined analysis of variance revealed significant variations among genotypes, environments, and GEI for yield and yield-related traits, indicating that these factors significantly affected grain yield. The maximum mean grain yield value of genotypes due to the mean effect of the environment was obtained from G1 (5119.93kg ha-1), followed by G14 (4834.57 kg ha-1), and G18 (4801.20 ha-1), while the least mean grain yield was obtained from G3 (3314.50 kg ha-1). The multiplicative variance of the treatment sum of squares due to GEI was partitioned into four principal component axes (PCA). Sum squares of the first and second interaction principal component axis (IPCA) explained 71.07% and 17.50% of the GEI variation, respectively. The IPCA1&2 mean squares were highly significant (P≤0.01), indicating the adequacy of the AMMI model with the first two IPCAs for cross-validation of grain yield variation. The magnitude of the GEI sum squares was 3.9 times that of the genotype sum squares for grain yield, indicating the presence of substantial differences in genotypic responses across environments. The results of cultivar superiority measure (Pi), yield stability index (YSI), AMMI stability value (ASV), regression coefficient (bi), and deviation from regression (S2di) depicted that genotypes G18, G22, G31, and 32 were the most stable genotypes for grain yield and biomass yield, respectively. AMMI2 biplot showed Jinka, Alduba, and Kako were the most discriminating environments as indicated by the long distance from the origin; whereas testing locations Meioso and Gato with short vector length indicated that these locations had less discriminating power on the genotypes' performance. The study has provided precious information on the yield stability status of the sorghum genotypes and the best environments for future improvement programs in Ethiopia.

In this paper, the neural network is developed for solving the inverse photoacoustic problem aiming to estimate thermo-elastic properties and thickness of a semiconductor sample. The idea was that these sample properties be estimated from the phase characteristic because the phase measurements are more sensitive. The neural network has been trained on a large basis of photoacoustic phases calculated from a theoretical Si n-type model in the range of 20Hz to 20kHz, on which random Gaussian noise has been applied. It is shown that high accuracy and precision could be reached in solving of inverse photoacoustic problem using only phase measurement.

Background: Gliomas, including the most severe form known as glioblastomas, are primary brain tumors arising from glial cells, with significant impact on adults, particularly men aged 45 to 70. Recent advancements in the WHO classification now correlate genetic markers with glioma phenotypes, enhancing diagnostic precision and therapeutic strategies. Aims and Methods: This scoping review aims to evaluate the current state of deep learning (DL) applications in the genetic characterization of adult gliomas, addressing the potential of these technologies for a reliable virtual biopsy. Results: We reviewed 17 studies, analyzing the evolution of DL algorithms from fully convolutional networks to more advanced architectures (ResNet and DenseNet). The methods involved various validation techniques, including k-fold cross-validation and external dataset validation. Conclusions: Our findings highlight significant variability in reported performance, largely due to small, homogeneous datasets and inconsistent validation methods. Despite promising results, particularly in predicting individual genetic traits, the lack of robust external validation limits the generalizability of these models. Future efforts should focus on developing larger, more diverse datasets and integrating multidisciplinary collaboration to enhance model reliability. This review underscores the potential of DL in advancing glioma characterization, paving the way for more precise, non-invasive diagnostic tools.

This study is based on the BP neural network regression model optimised by genetic algorithm and dedicated to predicting the amount of car purchase, this study is important for all parties in the automotive industry. By plotting the violins of six indicators, including gender, age, annual salary, credit card debt, net worth, and car purchase amount, we found that, except for gender, the other data showed a trend of dense in the middle gradually decreasing to the upper and lower sides, with an overall normal distribution. The correlation analysis shows that the amount of car purchase has a high positive correlation with age (0.63), followed by annual income (0.62), the correlation between net worth and the amount of car purchase is 0.49, while the correlation between credit card debt and the amount of car purchase is low (0.03). In the experimental part, we analyse the predicted-actual values of the training and test sets in comparison and find that the model predicted values are very close to the actual values. The RMSE of the training set is 11.559 and the RMSE of the test set is 11.4835, which is not much different from each other, indicating that the model has good generalisation ability. In addition, the R2 of both the training and test sets is 1, indicating that the model fits well. The MAE of the training set is 8.2512 and the MAE of the test set is 9.578; the MBE of the training set is -4.3035 and the MBE of the test set is -2.4547.These metrics indicate that the model performs well in predicting the amount of car purchase. In conclusion, this study provides an effective and reliable method to predict the amount of car purchase, creating a useful bridge between car manufacturers, dealers and consumers.

According to the ECCB, cancer represents the transition of a genomically damaged multicellular cell to a lower level of cell organization, controlled by the ancestral gene regulatory network (GRN) from the ancestral compartment of human and metazoan genomes. Cancer adopts ancient mechanisms and rules of the common ancestor, similar to those observed in parasitic amoebae. In cancer, the productive cell line generating CSCs is a non-gametogenic cancer germline. This germline proliferates through asymmetric cell division (ACD phenotype). CSCs lack proliferative capacity; they persist in hypoxic niches in a quiescent cell state or transition to an amplifying cell state that performs cyst-like polyploidization cycles, giving rise to precursors and CSCs capable of differentiation. Malignization arises from genomically dysfunctional tetraploid germline cells (DSCD phenotype) that proliferate in a precancerous stage through symmetric cell cycles. DSCD progeny undergo homotypic fusion, forming multinucleated genome repair syncytia (MGRS pathway) driving carcinogenesis. During tumorigenesis, metastasis, and recurrence, subsequent germline clones initiate a cascade of increasingly pathogenic CSCs through mechanisms such as heterotypic cell fusion, soma-to-germ transition, and polyploid giant cell structures (PGCCs). Irradiation and chemotherapies drive some of the very few surviving but dysfunctional CSCs through a PGCC repair pathway homologous to the MGRS pathway of carcinogenesis. The large number of PGCCs during metastasis and recurrence results from the perpetual germline cell damage and CSC poverty induced by oxygen levels above 6.0% O2 (germline hyperoxia).

Cuffless sphygmomanometers may be useful alternative blood pressure monitors for screening and home healthcare. The main requirements for these devices are accuracy in the resting state, accuracy during dynamic blood pressure changes, and long-term stability. Intermittent measurements can ensure that the accuracy of active measurements mirrors that of measurements in the resting and dynamic states. This brief report proposes a new protocol to evaluate long-term stability based on a comparison with a medically approved cuff-based automated sphygmomanometer rather than an auscultatory sphygmomanometer. Dynamic changes in blood pressure are not usually assessed based on intermittent measurement with an over-the-counter (OTC) sphygmomanometer. Thus, validation testing focused on the accuracy of the OTC cuffless sphygmomanometer in the resting state and the long-term stability of the device, and the results were similar to those of the cuff-based sphygmomanometer. Further research and discussions are necessary to develop standards derived from high-quality evidence for manufacturers of OTC sphygmomanometers.

This study investigates the efficiency of BEAM (Biologically Enhanced Agriculture Management) inoculant, derived from compost produced under Dr. David Johnson-Su's composting technique, in promoting plant growth. A winter mix of pasture comprising Oats, Tetila, unhulled Couch, and Haifa was used as the test crop. Seeds were soaked in BEAM inoculant, water (control), and a competitor product 'Companion.' Results revealed significant enhancements in germination rates, foliage growth, and root development in the BEAM-treated group compared to controls. Further research aims to identify the microbial components of BEAM and explore its potential as a suppressant for fusarium species in orchards.

Primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) is caused by pathologic variants in over 50 different genes that affect the structure and function of motile cilia. Low nasal NO (nNO) is a biomarker for diagnosis in patients with features of PCD; but the reason why it is low is unclear. At the cellular level, a characteristic feature shared by most PCD patients is that antigens and other particles are not cleared from the epithelial surface. Poor antigen clearance results in pro-oxidant pathway activation and airway epithelial damage and may predispose PCD patients to DUOX1- and IL33- mediated asthma. Secondary ciliary dysfunction, such as that caused by viruses or by smoking, can also contribute to asthma development. Variants in genes underlying the function of cilia, can be associated with poor lung function, even in the absence of PCD. Single nucleotide polymorphisms in PCD – related genes can be associated with increased asthma severity. The role of cilia and antigen stasis is the pathophysiology of asthma is an important area for research, because specific airway clearance techniques and other therapeutic interventions, such as antioxidants, could be of value in preventing the development of asthma and asthma-like symptoms.

Green economy has emerged as a significant pillar of sustainable development in the current global context, and the unpredictability of economic policy has progressively garnered the interest of businesses and government officials as one of the obstacles they must confront. This paper examines how uncertainty in the green economy impacts the green economy's efficacy. The research concentrates on how changes in a particular region can result in geospatial diffusion (spatial spillover), which is a form of spatial spillover wherein the uncertainty of the green economy can impact its efficacy. This paper examines the policy formulation and current state of the green economy across various regions, as well as the diffusion of economic policy uncertainty across geographical areas and the subsequent impact on the green economy's status quo. There is a negative correlation between economic policy uncertainty and green economy efficacy, according to research. There is a spatial spillover effect between economic policy uncertainty and the efficacy of the green economy. Regional variations exist in the impact of economic policy uncertainty on the efficacy of the green economy. The findings indicate that the implementation of AI has a more substantial beneficial effect on carbon emissions. An increase in carbon dioxide emissions poses a growing challenge for the industrial sector in its pursuit of carbon neutrality.

Climate change will pose a challenge for the winemaking sector worldwide, bringing progressively drier and warmer conditions and increasing the frequency and intensity of weather extremes. The short-term adaptation strategy of applying biostimulants through foliar application serves as a crucial measure in mitigating the detrimental effects of environmental stresses on grapevine yield and berry quality. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of foliar application of a seaweed based biostimulant (A. nodosum – ANE) and glycine betaine (GB) on berry quality, bioactive compounds, antioxidant activity, and elucidated their action on the secondary metabolism. A trial was installed in a commercial vineyard (cv. ‘Touriga Franca’) in the Cima Corgo (Upper Corgo) sub-region of the Douro Demarcated Region. A total of four foliar sprayings were performed during the growing season: at flowering, pea size, bunch closer, and veraison. There was a positive effect of GB in the berry quality traits. Both ANE and GB increased the synthesis of anthocyanins and other phenolics in berries and influenced the expression of genes related to the synthesis and transport of anthocyanins (CHS, F3H, UFGT, MATE1 and GST). So, they have the potential to act as elicitors of secondary metabolism, leading to improved grape quality, but also sets the foundation for sustainable agricultural practices in the long run.

With reference to our 4G model of final unification, strong coupling constant and strong interaction charge of magnitude $e_s\cong 2.95e$, it is possible to understand the nuclear stability range with a simple power law of the form, $A_s\cong \left(Z+2.95\right)^{1.2\pm0.015}$

According to evolutionary cancer cell biology ECCB, cancer stem cells do not arise from normal stem cells, but rather from the functional ACD phenotype of the germline. This phenotype proliferates through asymmetric cell division, producing self-renewing cells and non-proliferating daughter cells with cancer stem cell qualities (CSCs). ECCB posits that cancer stem cells themselves do not proliferate. Similar to protists, there is a close reciprocal relationship between both sister cells that collectively form a germ and stem cell lineage. These sister cells share functional roles: the proliferating cancer germline cells generate stem cells, while the non-proliferating cancer stem cells accumulate progenitor cells for new germline clones. ECCB distinguishes between primary CSCs, which are associated with carcinogenesis and primary tumors, and secondary CSCs, which are linked to metastases. This unicellular stem cell system is homologous to that of parasitic protists, such as amoebae. Both cancer stem cells and amoebae stem cells are generated by an oxygen-sensitive germline and are vulnerable to damage when oxygen levels exceed 6.0% (germline hyperoxia). Oxygen concentrations above this threshold can damage the germline genome. Dysfunctional germline cells do not undergo senescence; instead, they continue to cycle through defective symmetric cell cycles However, to regain functionality, the germline genome requires repair by hyperpolyploid giant cells known as native PGCCs, which are homologous to the multinucleated genome repair structures MGRS found in protists. Native PGCCs differ in some respects from genotoxic-induced PGCCs

Lymphadenopathy is a common manifestation of both reactive and malignant diseases, and fine needle aspiration (FNA) is an effective and inexpensive screening method. It can prevent unnecessary invasive surgery and excisional biopsy, especially in benign cases. Unfortunately, the lack of universally accepted terminology for reporting results has hindered its widespread support. The Sydney system proposal for lymph node cytopathology categorization and reporting introduced five diagnostic categories to address the lack of universally accepted terminology for reporting results in lymphadenopathy. Our study analyzed 188 lymph node FNC samples from King Abdulaziz University Hospital, Saudi Arabia, examining clinical follow-up data, pathology records, patient information, and final diagnosis from January 2019 to December 2022. Most specimens were from axillary LNs, with 99.5% tissue correlation. The Sydney System Category classification identified 56.9% of cases as malignant, while 26.1% were benign. The final surgical specimen diagnosis revealed a higher percentage of malignant diagnoses, with the highest ROM in malignant/Category V. In conclusion, our study demonstrates that LN-FNAC offers high diagnostic accuracy for LN aspirates, with the Sydney approach potentially aiding risk stratification and achieving consistency in cytologic diagnosis, but further multi-centric research is needed.

Background & Objective: Acne Vulgaris is a common skin disease, with 5 % prevalence in Pakistan and has a significant physiological, psychological, emotional and social impact on the population, our study aims to estimate its annual economic burden per person in Pakistan.Methodology: Economic burden was estimated by using Cost of Illness analysis. All types of costs, including direct medication costs, direct non-medical costs and indirect costs due to loss of work. Data were collected from online databases and literature reviews. Results: Cost of illness analysis estimated that the cost of Acne Vulgaris treatment varies for mild, Moderate and severe acne. Acne is causing an annual economic burden of PKR 1,92,366 PKR per person (direct cost is PKR 1,86,366 and indirect cost 6,000) for an expensive treatment and PKR 53,550 (direct cost is PKR 47550 and indirect cost 6,000) for a cheap treatment. Limitation: Being an LMIC, Pakistan needs extensive study on the pharmacoeconomic analysis of Acne for proper and rational allocation of resources. Conclusion: Acne has a significant economic burden in Pakistan. Even with significant impact of Acne, there is very minute work done about Acne in Pakistan.

Introduction: Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the most common cancers in the world. It is a very aggressive and heterogeneous tumor. GC does not cause symptoms, so it is often diagnosed in an advanced stage and associated with poor prognosis. Despite new treatment options, it still remains a therapeutic problem. An important element determining the method of treatment of locally advanced gastric cancer (LAGC) is the assessment of lymph node metastases in preoperative and postoperative imaging and/or histopathological examination.Aim: The assessment of lymphovascular invasion (LVI) in histopathological examination in patients with LAGC after gastrectomy. The groups of patients were divided into patients who received preoperative chemotherapy, patients without preoperative chemotherapy, and all patients. Additionally, we assessed the correlation between the presence of LVI and the number of lymph nodes collected during gastrectomy.Material and method: We collected patients with histologically confirmed GC after gastrectomy. The collected samples were divided into three subgroups: patients with neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC), patients without NAC, and all patients. Histopathological examination assessed the presence of LVI infiltration. We then assessed the correlation between the presence of LVI and the presence of lymph node metastasis in GC. Additionally, we assessed the correlation between LVI and the number of lymph nodes evaluated in patients in each group. The statistical analyses were performed using Statistica v13.3 and Microsoft Excel 2021. The significance limit was set at p<0.05.Results:The presence of LVI strongly correlated with node involvement, and the result was statistically significant in all patients and the group of patients treated with NAC. The difference was not statistically significant in the group not treated by NAC. Additionally, we did not observe a correlation between the presence of LVI and the number of metastatic lymph nodes in GC.Summary and Conclusions: The presence of LVI in a patient with GC indicates a high probability of lymph node metastasis, which should translate into therapeutic procedures. Assessment of LVI may help identify potential patients with lymph node metastases, particularly in patients undergoing endoscopic resection without planned lymphadenectomy. It is advisable to expand research on a larger scale in order to establish clear standards in this area.

This paper explores the views of a group of young men aged 16–18, studying towards a Level 1 diploma in music in the North East area of England. It uses the conceptualization of “social haunting” to focus our discussions about how Level 1 learners articulated their experiences in the context of their learning journeys and perceived marginalization. The research took place at a large Further Education (FE) college and included a series of five “research encounters” with the group of Level 1 learners. These encounters included a range of activities, resulting in a variety of data being collected, including several activity worksheets, structured and unstructured focus group interviews, and questionnaires. This paper focusses on the outcomes of a single research activity that focused on exploring the topic of marginalization. We present a discussion on social haunting as one of the emerging findings from this research encounter, outlining how the reality of the social and cultural legacy of the UK’s industrial past can shape today’s youth and their futures. We will talk about the young men’s views of marginalization, their school-to-work transitions, the formation of masculinity in post-industrial communities and the role of Further Education in it. The paper concludes by discussing some insights for practice and future research.

Proteins are considered to be the main carriers of antigenic properties of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Mycobacterium bovis, the causative agents of tuberculosis, the most serious infectious disease. Neutrophils, following resident macrophages, are among the first to attack the mycobacteria in defense of the organism. Neutrophils themselves are also the target of mycobacterial products; and their effect on neutrophil functions has been less studied. We have obtained about 70 protein fractions from M. bovis lysate; among them four protein fractions (10, 22, 24, and 40 kDa) had high serological activity against the serum of a rabbit immunized with M. bovis cells. We studied the effect of the serologically active proteins isolated from M. bovis on the generation of reactive oxygen species by bone marrow granulocytes of the Balb/c mouse, evaluated by luminol-dependent chemiluminescence. For comparison, two synthetic peptides (both 3 kDa) carrying immunogenic epitopes of MPB 70 protein (M. bovis) were taken. Proteins of 10, 22, and 24 kDa at concentrations of 83, 80, and 59 ng/mL, respectively, were found to activate ROS generation by mouse granulocytes. The 10- and 40-kDa antigens inhibited the receptor-mediated respiratory responses to opsonized zymosan (OZ) and N-formyl-MLF peptide (fMLF) but significantly enhanced the response to the phorbol ester PMA, which directly activates protein kinase C. Antigens with molecular weights of 22 and 24 kDa enhanced the fMLF-induced response and had no effect on the response activated by PMA. The response to OZ was suppressed in the presence of the 22 kDa protein. Synthetic peptides over a wide range of concentrations showed no activity in any case. All M. bovis proteins examined did not affect both proliferation and cell viability of the A549 and THP-1 cells; therefore, they have no cytotoxic or proliferative effects. Thus, serologically active proteins with molecular weights of 10, 22, 24, and 40 kDa isolated from M. bovis modulated the respiratory responses of mouse granulocytes induced by the formyl peptide, while proteins of 10, 22, and 40 kDa inhibited the responses induced by OZ.

For the first time, this study identified seven potential ligands with high binding energies through the docking approach against the Crystal Structure of human Melanoma-associated antigen B1 (MAGEB1). The ligands—Imatinib, Bafatinib, Diosmin, Ginkgetin, Bilobetin, Amentoflavone, and Hypericin—showing strong binding energies around -10 kcal/mol, indicate a potentially robust interaction with the target protein. Moreover, the additional step of predicting toxicity properties using the pKCSM server provides valuable insights into the safety profiles of these ligands. From these results, the parameters for Diosmin: —Max. tolerated dose (human),- Oral Rat Acute Toxicity (LD50), and - Oral Rat Chronic Toxicity (LOAEL)—suggest a favorable safety profile, making it a potential candidate for further consideration against Melanoma. Moving forward, it's advisable to conduct further experimental validations, including in vitro and in vivo studies, to confirm the efficacy and safety of Diosmin and other potential ligands. Consideration of pharmacokinetics, metabolism, and specific mechanisms of action will contribute to a comprehensive understanding of these compounds' potential as therapeutic agents.

The effects of the coolant pulsation and the film cooling with the plasma aerodynamic actuation (PAA) could be herein explored via large eddy simulations. The electrohydrodynamic force derived from the PAA was solved through the phenomenological plasma model. The Strouhal number of the sinusoidal coolant pulsation and the averaged pulsation blowing ratio were 0.25 and 1.0, respectively. Comprehensive analyses were carried out on the time-averaged flow fields, and the results revealed that the pulsed cooling jet might cause a deeper penetration into the crossflow, and this phenomenon could be remarkably mitigated by the downward force of the PAA. Furthermore, because of the coolant pulsation, the counter rotating vortex pair (CRVP) expanded to lifted off the wall less well, and the PAA lessened the negative lift-off impact and entrapment from the CRVP. Then, the spatial-temporal development of the coherent structures was figured out by the alterations of the centerline temperature, reflecting formation of the intermittent coherent structures rather than hairpin vortices due to the coolant pulsation, and their size and upcast behaviors were reduced by the PAA. Consequently, there was a basic suppression of the turbulent mixing of the cooling fluid with the crossflow. Finally, the three-dimensional streamlines confirmed that the coherent structure dynamic behaviors were significantly regulated by the PAA for alleviating the adverse influences of the coolant pulsation. In summary, through controlling how the dominating coherent structures evolve throughout time and space, the PAA can effectively increase the pulsed film cooling efficiency.

In this paper, some characterizations of fuzzifying strong compactness are given, including characterizations in terms of nets and pre -subbases. Several characterizations of locally strong compactness in the framework of fuzzifying topology are introduced and the mapping theorems are obtained.

New setting is introduced to study chromatic number. Neutrosophic chromatic number and chromatic number are proposed in this way, some results are obtained. Classes of neutrosophic graphs are used to obtains these numbers and the representatives of the colors. Using colors to assigns to the vertices of neutrosophic graphs is applied. Some questions and problems are posed concerning ways to do further studies on this topic. Using strong edge to define the relation amid vertices which implies having different colors amid them and as consequences, choosing one vertex as a representative of each color to use them in a set of representatives and finally, using neutrosophic cardinality of this set to compute neutrosophic chromatic number. This specific relation amid edges is necessary to compute both chromatic number concerning the number of representative in the set of representatives and neutrosophic chromatic number concerning neutrosophic cardinality of set of representatives. If two vertices have no strong edge, then they can be assigned to same color even they’ve common edge. Basic familiarities with neutrosophic graph theory and graph theory are proposed for this article.

Biodiversity monitoring is a seminal key for understanding the delivery of ecosystem functions and services. Mediterranean forests and woodlands harbor the vast majority of regional vascular plant diversity, and hence, they are a good surrogate for detecting changes in biodiversity linked to global change. In this work, we present a database resulting from the study of vascular plant diversity in multi-scale plots of 0.1 ha, measured around the first decade of this century and located in Mediterranean forest environments. Diversity profiles are calculated from Hill numbers (0, 1 and 2) for local (α) and regional (ϒ) diversity, as well as multiplicative calculation of differential diversity (β). Main Mediterranean forests sampled had a medium coverage of 51 % and stand dominant height of 10.6 m being monospecific in two thirds of the cases. Local diversity reaches its highest values ​​(around 78 species per 0.1 ha) in Holm oak dehesas, with values ​​below 50 species for the set of the most productive forest stands dominated by species of the genus Pinus. As regards the contribution to regional diversity, it is the broadleaf formations that contribute the most, with stone pine forests and dehesas in an intermediate position, and pine forests contributing the lowest in species richness terms.

Objectives. The aim of this study was to demonstrate the ability to visualize the results of the Scilit platform's bibliometric data analysis on the topic "AI & Machine Learning" to identify publications reflecting specific issues of the topic. Data source. Bibliometric records exported from the Scilit platform on the topic "AI & Machine Learning" for the years 2021–2023 were used. For each year, 6,000 records were downloaded in CSV and RIS format. Programs and utilities used. VOSviewer, Scimago Graphica, Inkscape, FP-growth utility, GSDMM algorithm. Used services: Elicit, QuillBot, Litmaps. Results. It has been shown that bibliometric data from the open access abstract database Scilit can serve as a quality alternative to subscription-only databases. Data exported from the Scilit platform require preprocessing to make them available in a format that can be processed by programs such as VOSviewer and Scimago Graphica. The use of GSDMM and FP-growth algorithms is effective for structuring bibliometric data for further visualization. The Scimago Graphica software provides wide possibilities for building compound diagrams, in particular, for representing the network of keywords in such important coordinates for bibliometric analysis as average year of publication and average normalized citation, as well as for building an alluvial diagram of co-occurrence of more than two keywords. The possibility of using such services as elicit.com, quillbot.com and app.litmaps.com to accelerate the selection of publications on the topic under study is shown.

The olive tree (Olea europaea L.) is an evergreen tree that occupies 19% of the woody crop area and is cultivated in 67 countries on five continents. The largest olive production is concentrated in the Mediterranean basin, where the olive tree has had an enormous economic, cultural and environmental impact since the 7th century BC. In the Mediterranean region, salinity stands out as one of the main abiotic stress factors significantly affecting agricultural production. Moreover, climate change is expected to lead to increased salinisation in this region, threatening olive productivity. Salt stress causes combined damage by osmotic stress and ionic toxicity, restricting olive growth and interfering with multiple metabolic processes. A large variability in salinity tolerance among olive cultivars has been described. This paper aims to synthesize information from the published literature on olive adaptations to salt stress and its importance in salinity tolerance. The morphological, physiological, biochemical, and molecular mechanisms of olive tolerance to salt stress are reviewed.

The importance of conflict analysis and safety considerations during work zone intervals at signalized intersections cannot be overstated, as these periods pose unique challenges and safety risks for both motorists and pedestrians. Work zones introduce temporary changes to traffic patterns, lane configurations, and signal timings, which can disrupt the flow of traffic and increase the likelihood of conflicts between vehicles and pedestrians. By conducting comprehensive conflict analysis, it is possible to identify potential conflict points, such as merging areas, pedestrian crossings, and lane transitions, and implement targeted safety measures to mitigate risks. Additionally, considering safety considerations during work zone intervals is paramount to safeguarding the well-being of road users and minimizing the occurrence of conflicts or collisions. Measures such as enhanced signage, temporary traffic control devices, and increased enforcement efforts can help promote compliance with traffic regulations and ensure the safe passage of vehicles and pedestrians through work zones. This study investigates the dynamics of traffic behavior and safety implications within work zones at signalized intersections, aiming to address key challenges and enhance intersection management strategies. Through comprehensive analysis, varying frequencies of Vehicle-to-Vehicle (V2V) conflicts were observed across different movement directions, with significant occurrences identified in specific phases of the traffic signal cycle. Specifically, 69 V2V conflicts in phase #1, 181 in phase #2, 31 in phase #3, 207 in phase #4, 1 in phase #5, 274 in phase #6, 93 in phase #7, and 186 in phase #8 were recorded. Furthermore, the examination of Vehicle-to-Pedestrian (V2P) conflicts underscored the importance of prioritizing pedestrian safety, with notable occurrences observed in phases associated with pedestrian crossing movements. Meanwhile, despite the closure of left-turn movements, instances of red light running persisted, with 69 red light running events in phase #1, 181 in phase #2, 31 in phase #3, 207 in phase #4, 1 in phase #5, 274 in phase #6, 93 in phase #7, and 186 in phase #8.To mitigate these safety concerns during work zone intervals, proactive measures are essential. Strategies include improving communication through clear signage and advanced warning systems, enhancing enforcement efforts with red light cameras and increased police presence, and investing in infrastructure improvements such as temporary pedestrian facilities. Integration of real-time data from sensors, particularly LiDAR technology, offers significant advantages in detecting conflicts and red light runners during work zone intervals. LiDAR's precise, real-time data on vehicle and pedestrian movements, combined with its 360-degree coverage and high spatial resolution, facilitates accurate detection and tracking of potential conflict scenarios, contributing to enhanced intersection safety and traffic management efficiency. This study endeavored to conduct a traffic safety analysis during work zone intervals at a signalized intersection in Baltimore City, known for its high rate of traffic crashes, utilizing LiDAR sensor technology.

In the decarbonization of the steel, cement, and chemical industry in Germany, green hydrogen is expected to play a crucial role. The utilization of green hydrogen in the production processes of said industries requires organizations to modify their business model, requiring sustainable business model innovation (SBMI). Numerous tools and frameworks that support organizations in the process of SBMI have been proposed in the literature in recent years. However, the applicability of these tools and frameworks for steel, cement, and chemical companies that intend to utilize green hydrogen to produce their goods remains unexplored. By conducting a systematic literature review on tools and frameworks for SBMI, a literature and practice review to identify and analyze existing green hydrogen projects of steel, cement, and chemical companies, and an evaluation of the identified tools and frameworks in an evaluation matrix, this paper aims to assess the suitability of SBMI tools and frameworks for steel, cement, and chemical companies that plan to use green hydrogen to produce their goods. Based on the evaluation, the Cambridge Business Model Innovation Process (CBMIP) was identified as the most suitable SBMI framework.

Sorghum grain processing can improve the nutritional content by promoting dietary properties that contribute to food security and economic development. The quality, nutritional content, and processing properties of sorghum bicolor grain can greatly affected by the inbred line races and variance in pericarp colour.The current study assessed the influence of the Husking Fraction Time Units (HFTU) process, which employed set time units per second (S), on the variation in the nutritional profile of fifty-one inbred line sorghum varieties based on distinct pericarp colours. When the assessment of the nutritional profile was involved: dry matter, total protein besides, namely mineral (P, K, S, Ca, Mg, Na, Fe, Zn, and Mn). The variety groups showed a significance value of (P < 0.05), indicating the study hypothesis's truth.The results demonstrated substantial impacts implied by the Husking Fraction Time Unit (HFTU) technique. This occurrence was noted when the dry matter percentage was increased in the husked products, specifically the endosperm (grits) and bran. The protein percentage redistributed by 19.2% compared to the whole grain and bran content. In comparison, the ratio of N/S was 14:1 in the S. bicolor and 12:1 in the kafirin in the bran part. Moreover, a strong correlation was observed among the examined minerals of S.bicolor and kafirin, such as the correlation between Ca: P, K: Na, and Fe: Zn attributed 80 (S) time unit, with correlation coefficients of R = 0.784 and R = 0.586, R= 517, R= 0.884, R= 0.745, and R = 0.893, respectively. At the same time, the 80 (S) time unit showed a significant effect on the colour property profile.The study results could benefit breeders and nutrition specialists in developing genotypes and processing sorghum grains, promoting research, and aiding several industrial sectors owing to the grain's adaptability and nutritional properties.

Background: Increase of collagen I (COL I)/COL III ratio enhances vessel wall stiffness and renders vessels less resistant to blood flow and pressure changes. We hypothesized that COL I/COL III ratio is increased in the brain arteriovenous malformations (bAVMs), which is associated with bAVM hemorrhage. Method: Surgically resected human bAVM samples and mouse bAVMs induced in three transgenic mouse lines with activin receptor-like kinase 1 or endoglin deletion in the endothelial cells or in the brain focally. Colony-stimulating factor receptor inhibitor was used to transiently deplete microglia. COL I and COL III levels, hemorrhage, and gene expression in bAVMs were analyzed. Results: The COL I and COL III levels and the COL I/COL III ratio were higher on human and mouse bAVMs than controls, which was associated with bAVM hemorrhage. Col I and Col III mRNAs were also increased in mouse bAVMs. The degree of microhemorrhage in mouse bAVMs was positively correlated with Col I/Col III ratios. Transient depletion of microglia reduced Col I/Col III ratio and microhemorrhage in mouse bAVMs. Conclusion: COL I/COL III ratio are increased in bAVM vessels, which is associated with bAVM hemorrhage. Depletion of microglia reduces Col I/Col III ratio and hemorrhage in mice bAVMs.

Background: Elexacaftor/Tezacaftor/Ivacaftor (ETI) is a CFTR modulator therapy approved for people with cystic fibrosis (pwCF) who have at least one phe508del mutation. However, its approval in the EU for pwCF with non-phe508del mutations is lacking, with limited data on treatment response in this subgroup. Methods: This retrospective study analyzed data from six pwCF (ages 6 to 66) with responsive CFTR mutations (M1101K, R347P, 2789+5G>A, G551D) undergoing off-label ETI therapy. Evaluations were conducted at 0, 3, 6, 9, and 12 months, assessing lung function (FEV1), sweat chloride levels, BMI, quality of life (CFQ-R), medication satisfaction (TSQM), ENT symptoms (SNOT-22), and physical performance. A control group of four pwCF with classic symptoms and no ETI treatment was included. Results: FEV1 improved significantly after 3 and 6 months (p<0.05) and stabilized by 12 months. Sweat chloride levels decreased significantly, with four pwCF achieving levels below 60 mmol/l. Improvements in ENT and respiratory symptoms, medication satisfaction, and increased BMI were noted. Conclusion: ETI demonstrates high efficacy in selected non-phe508del mutations, offering an effective treatment option that warrants further monitoring and evaluation.

Halide perovskite are known by their (1) organic inorganic hybrid and (2) inorganic halide perovskite. Having this in mind, monolithic perovskite/silicon tandem solar cell has already demonstrated extraordinarily high performance in the field of photovoltaic with current efficiency of 29.15%, breaking the efficiency limit for silicon solar cell. Currently, halide perovskites become successful not only in photovoltaic but also in many other related potential optoelectronic applications. Because of this reason, the origin of their multifunctional properties, remarkable energy harvesting and emitting efficiency and the corresponding potential applications in various optoelectronic devices become controversial issues and hot topics of academic research this time. In this review, nano-engineering strategies, microscopic origins and mechanisms are reviewed well to make clarity on what the origin of multifunctional properties such as tunability, ferroelasticity, piezoelectricity, pyroelectricity and thermoelectric properties of halide perovskites. Moreover, the coexistence of multiple properties makes halide provskites possible for synergistic applications and multifunctional perspectives such as emerging energy harvesting, conversion technologies, nano-plasmonic sensing and electromechanical applications, which are now open for the scientific community for further detail investigations. To successfully explore this field, advanced nanometer scale domain characterization tools are highly relevant to understand the microscopic origin of these electrical properties; aid the commercial enterprises and the research institutions. Not only the microscopic origin but also identifying factors and issues affecting the successful understanding and presence or absence of these electrical parameters should be primary task in this review. Finally, the big challenges for operation of halide perovskites owing to temperature, moisture, light, air, etc. induced material degradation and device deteriorations as well as lattice instability, nano scale defects, surface and bulk defects should be considered while dealing with these future research topics.

This paper presents a novel approach to decoding the Indus script, which was used by the Indus Valley Civilization (IVC) from approximately 3300 to 1900 BCE. The main focus of this research is the structural analysis of the signs within the Indus script. The central objective of the paper is to determine whether the Indus script can be classified as an alphabet, and it aims to provide compelling evidence regarding the number of primary signs. This includes establishing the actual count of Indus signs through the decomposition of compound signs, identifying diacritics and analyzing their consistent usage, as well as exploring the underlying concepts and implications associated with sign extraction. To comprehensively examine the Indus script, the paper analyzes over 400 signs, encompassing the entire script rather than a select subset of signs or texts. The visual decomposition of the signs employs a simple grid methodology. By summarizing the logical findings, the paper successfully identifies the primary signs and develops an understanding of their phonetic representation within the alphabet. The study recognizes the diverse writing styles used to combine the basic signs, The writing style of the Indus script incorporates variations in formation, composition, and combination, resulting in a significant number of signs. The research findings indicate that the Indus Script primarily consists of only 40 core signs.

Machine learning (ML) is changing cybersecurity by enabling progressed discovery, anticipation and reaction instruments. This paper gives a comprehensive survey of ML's part in cybersecurity, looking at both hypothetical systems and down to earth usage. It diagrams the rising dangers focusing on ML models, such as ill-disposed assaults, information harming and show reversal assaults and examines state-of-the-art defense procedures, counting ill-disposed preparing, vigorous models and differential protection. Furthermore, the paper investigates different ML applications in cybersecurity from interruption location to malware classification, highlighting their affect on improving security measures. An peculiarity induction calculation is proposed for the early discovery of cyber-intrusions at the substations. Cybersecurity has ended up a imperative investigate range. The paper concludes with a discourse on the key inquire about bearings and best hones for making secure and versatile ML frameworks in a data-driven world. This paper dives into how Machine Learning (ML) revolutionizes cybersecurity, enabling progressed discovery, avoidance, and reaction components. It offers a exhaustive investigation of ML's urgent part in cybersecurity, enveloping hypothetical systems and viable applications. It addresses rising dangers like ill-disposed assaults and information harming, nearby cutting-edge defense techniques such as antagonistic preparing and strong models.

The paper discusses the change of meaning and metonymium of Emo in Chinese cyber language here. Drawing on corpus-based analysis of emo posts published in the social media network Sina micro blog, we investigate how such aesthetics and sociocultural meanings attached to being “Emo”serves as a metonymy that enables diverse representations of affective states as well as situated emotion enactments. The findings suggest that the term “Emo”has been stretched as it is no longer confined to emotional events within or possibly just beyond emo, with a broader range of listings reflecting different emotions in various contexts. The metonymical nature of the use of “Emo”in Chinese reflects a broader cultural and social phenomenon occurring today in China -- particularly among some young net users. The research underscores the emotional expression pattern of Chinese netizens, which renders a good reference to comprehensively understand the evolution of language type in digital context.

In the fields of partnership research and social innovation, there have been an increasing number of calls for evidence regarding the kind of collaborative multi-level governance structures that might support large scale transformation processes, specially towards climate-neutral cities. This paper conceptualizes a new type of intermediary actor; the Systemic Collaborative Platform (SCP). Using the example of a multi-stakeholder arrangement set up to design and implement Madrid’s Climate Neutrality Roadmap, the key features of an SCP include a focus on multi-stakeholder and cross-sectoral collaboration for public policy development, in this case operating at both a systemic level and a city scale, and a strong link to a key actor within this regime (a city council). Our study reveals how a SCP can contribute to articulation of a shared mandate among city actors and enhance the efficiency and effectiveness of a targeted transition by attracting, aligning and managing a wide and diverse organizational ecosystem through distributed facilitation, collaborative leadership and continuous learning.

More than 5% of the global population suffers from disabling hearing loss, primarily sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL). SNHL is often caused by factors such as vascular disorders, viral infections, ototoxic drugs, systemic inflammation, age-related labyrinthine membrane degeneration, and noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL). NIHL, in particular, leads to changes in blood-labyrinth-barrier (BLB) physiology, increased permeability, and various cardiovascular health issues, including hypertension, diabetes, neurological disorders, and adverse reproductive outcomes: Research has connected an elevated risk of hypertension with loud noise. The endocrine and autonomic nervous systems are also linked to arousal following an acute exposure to loud sounds. As a preventive option for both NIHL and hypertension as sequela of noise trauma, we present the transcutaneous vagus nerve stimulation (taVNS). taVNS may be appropriate to prevent NIHL-associated hypertension, as it typically reduces blood pressure and improves heart rate variability. On the other hand, normalizing cerebral blood flow preserves cochlear homeostasis, which is maintained by the BLB.The paper provides a comprehensive overview of NIHL pathophysiology and the impact of noise on auditory structures and function. Our research focuses on the auditory structures and functions affected by noise, such as the strial BLB, as well as the autonomic changes caused by NIHL, specifically the emergence of NIHL-associated hypertension as a primary comorbidity. We describe the clear link between taVNS use and increased HRV and slower progression of chronic hypertension, and we propose it as a cutting-edge preventive option for both conditions.

Introduction: Flow-cytometry (FC) is a powerful tool that can assist in lymphoma diagnosis in lymph node (LN) specimens. Although lymphoma diagnosis and classification are mainly based on tumor cell characteristics, surrounding cells are less employed in this process.Methods: We retrospectively investigated alterations in the ploidy status, proliferative cell fraction (PF) and the percentages of surrounding immune cells in 62 consecutive LN specimens with B-Cell Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma (B-NHL) that were submitted for FC evaluation between 2019-2022.Results: Compared with indolent B-NHLs, aggressive B-NHLs show increased DNA aneuploidy and PF, increased monocytes, immature-granulocytes, mature granulocytes, CD8⁺ T-cells, Double-Negative-T-cells and Double-Positive-T-cells, and decreased total CD45⁺ cells, total lymphocytes, CD4⁺ T-cells and CD4/CD8 ratio. Receiver operating characteristic analysis determined PF > 6.8% and immature-granulocytes > 0.9% as optimal cutoffs with highest specificity and sensitivity in differentiating aggressive and indolent B-NHLs.Conclusions: These findings further strength the diagnostic value of DNA content analysis by FC and suggest the utilization of tumor surrounding immune cells in NHL diagnosis and classification.

Background: Thyroid nodules are common, affecting nearly 65% of the general population. While they are widespread, it's crucial to recognize that the majority of these nodules are not cancerous and can be effectively managed through careful monitoring. Thyroid ultrasound is commonly used to evaluate thyroid nodules owing to its low cost, wide availability and technical ease of application. In sonography, it's crucial to assess characteristics and vascular flow. Yet, conventional color and power Doppler ultrasound may not always effectively capture small vessels and low velocities due to their limitations. Superior Microvascular Imaging can display the blood flow of small vessels and low-velocity blood flow, which is difficult to visualize with conventional Doppler ultrasound. Meanwhile other thyroid scans, that utilize either [99mTc] pertechnetate or (18)F-fluorodeoxyglucose, can categorize nodules as hyperactive ('hot'), exhibiting normal activity ('warm'), or having reduced/no activity ('cold'). Thus, the main goal of screening and tracking thyroid nodules is to improve the management of potentially worrisome thyroid malignancies. Methodology: The study was conducted within the structural framework of a network meta-analysis, with the index tests being - SMI, Radionuclide Scanning and Color Doppler, and the general link between them being the reference gold standard. The data collection involved searching for all pertinent literature using PubMed, Google Scholar, and the Cochrane Library databases. The essential data was extracted following the application of specific inclusion and exclusion criteria.This meta-analysis included 7 RCTs with 1,152 patients for Radionuclide Scanning, 10 RCTs with 1,847 patients for SMI and 8 RCTs with 4,480 patients for Color Doppler. They were analyzed using the QualSyst tool and the risk of bias was evaluated by using QUADAS-2 analysis.The statistical software packages MetaDiSc 1.4, RevMan (Review Manager, version 5.3), SPSS (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences, version 20) and Excel in Stata 14 were used to perform the statistical analyses. Result: According to the findings, the sensitivity for Radionuclide Scanning is calculated as 0.79 (range: 0.76 to 0.81) and specificity as 0.55 (range: 0.50 to 0.60) with a 95% confidence interval. The overall diagnostic odds ratio (DOR) for Radionuclide Scanning Is 10.54.Additionally, with a 95% confidence interval, SMI exhibits a sensitivity of 0.82 (with a range of 0.79 to 0.84) and a specificity of 0.86 (with a range of 0.84 to 0.88), while the overall DOR is approximately 25.73. Color Doppler demonstrates a calculated sensitivity of 0.71 (ranging from 0.69 to 0.74) and specificity of 0.81 (ranging from 0.79 to 0.83) with a 95% confidence interval, while its DOR is 13.48.Conclusion: As evidenced by this meta-analysis, blood flow dependent imaging techniques are superior in their abilities to be used as diagnostic tests, especially in conjunction with their use in detecting thyroid nodules. This study offers a starting point for delving deeper into the utilization of Radionuclide Imaging, Superior Microvascular Imaging and Color Doppler in diagnosing thyroid nodules in a clinical setting. Key Words: - Thyroid Nodule, Radionuclide Scanning, Superior Microvascular Imaging, Color Doppler Diagnosis, Sensitivity, Specificity, Diagnostic imaging

Harnessing the Remarkable Bio-Remediation Potential of Vernonia spp. for the Sustainable Restoration of Hydrocarbon-Polluted Clay Soil in Ogoni Land, Nigeria This study explores the potential of utilizing Vernonia spp. for eco-friendly bio-remediation of hydrocarbon-polluted clay soil in Ogoni Land, Nigeria. The aim is to find a sustainable and effective solution that promotes the restoration of the polluted soil while minimizing the use of external additives. The process of bio-remediation can occur naturally, through natural attenuation or intrinsic bio-remediation. However, it has been observed that in certain cases, the addition of fertilizers, oxygen, or organic matter is required to enhance the effectiveness of bio-remediation. In this research, we focus on the bio-remediation potential of Vernonia spp., a native plant species known for its strong phytoremediation abilities. By harnessing the remarkable bio-remediation properties of Vernonia spp., we seek to restore the hydrocarbon-polluted clay soil in Ogoni Land in an environmentally friendly and sustainable manner. Our methodology involves conducting greenhouse experiments to assess the bio-remediation efficiency of Vernonia spp. in different soil conditions. We will analyze the soil's physical and chemical properties, as well as the degradation of hydrocarbons over time. The experimental results will provide valuable insights into the effectiveness of Vernonia spp. in removing hydrocarbon pollutants from clay soil. Through this study, we aim to develop a cost-effective and sustainable approach to restore hydrocarbon-polluted clay soil in Ogoni Land. By leveraging the natural bio-remediation potential of Vernonia spp., we can potentially reduce the reliance on external additives, thus minimizing the environmental impact associated with traditional remediation methods. The research article explores methods to promote the growth of pollution-eating microbes in order to enhance bio-remediation. Bio-remediation refers to the use of naturally occurring organisms to break down harmful substances into less toxic or non-toxic forms. In situ bio-remediation involves treating the contaminated material directly at the site, while ex-situ bio-remediation involves removing the contaminated material for treatment elsewhere. This study specifically investigates ex-situ bio-remediation techniques for hydrocarbon-contaminated clay soil. The researchers found that the application of room dry and wet blended bitter leaf showed promising results in the bio-remediation of hydrocarbons in the clay soil. Using Vernonia galamensis, a concentration as high as 0.55 ug/ml was achieved, while Vernonia amygdalina yielded a concentration as high as 0.67 ug/ml when applied at 35g and 40g respectively, based on the wet blended approach. These findings highlight the effectiveness of wet blended Vernonia species in the bio-remediation process.During the remediation process of the clay soil, the pH levels showed a trend of increasing from acidic to normal to alkaline. This can be attributed to the remediation of excessive metals present in the soil. After 40 days, the pH of the clay soil reached 6.97 when treated with 40 grams of Vernonia galamensis, and 7.00 when treated with 40 grams of Vernonia amygdalina. Interestingly, while the remediation efficiency of HC (hydrocarbon) decreased with increasing mass of Vernonia galamensis, the remediation efficiency of HC increased when using Vernonia amygdalina. These observations highlight the varying effects of different Vernonia species on hydrocarbon remediation.The highest remediation values were observed when using Vernonia galamensis at 35g and Vernonia amygdalina at 40g. These particular amounts of these Vernonia species demonstrated effective remediation of the targeted pollutants. However, in comparison to other metals, the remediation effects were relatively lower for zinc (Zn), with only approximately 0.25 ug/ml being remediated. This suggests that the remediation potential of the Vernonia species may vary depending on the specific contaminant.The higher remediation effects observed for Zn metal in the soil can be attributed to the wet blended preparation method of the Vernonia species. In contrast, the room dried Vernonia species exhibited the lowest performance in remediating the soil, with approximately 0.17 ug/ml and 0.10 ug/ml remediation for galamensis and amygdalina, respectively. Both Vernonia leaf extracts achieved a remediation of 0.5 ug/ml for chromium. The sun dried and room dried methods also showed considerable remediation potential, with values above 0.4 ug/ml. The level of significance for the model was attained at 0.05, and the r2 value was appreciable. These findings indicate the effectiveness of different preparation methods and Vernonia species in soil remediation

High-quality optical Fano resonances, which exist in a spherical dielectric microparticle in the spatial configurations of the "whispering-gallery modes" (WGMs) and recently are referred to as the “super-resonances”, possess extremal sensitivity not only to the micro-cavity size and shape but also to the optical properties of the particulate material. The increase in the power of light radiation coupling into a super-resonance can lead to the manifestation of strong optical nonlinearity of the resonator material due to the cubic nonlinearity (optical Kerr effect) and generation of free electron plasma in certain regions of the spherical microcavity. In fact, an optically linear medium of the resonance cavity transforms into a Drude-Kerr-type medium with a strong dependence on input laser intensity. With the help of the finite-elements numerical simulations, we theoretically analyze the transformations of the resonant contour for a number of high-quality WGMs excited in a lanthanum-glass microsphere exposed to an optical radiation of different intensity. We show that in a certain input intensity range, the competition of Kerr and plasma optical nonlinearities can stop and even reverse the Stokes shift of the super-resonance observed in a pure Kerr medium. Additionally, optical ionization and plasma generation within the mode volume significantly reduce the strength of the magnetic super-resonance and lead to its spoiling and frequency splitting.

Current artificial intelligence (AI) technology is still considered weak AI. However, the progression towards strong AI unavoidably involves grappling with concerns surrounding consciousness, the mind, and creativity. This paper focuses on analyzing consciousness, creativity, and the generation of emotions to explore the possibility of machine-based consciousness, creativity, and emotion. We believe that the emergence of consciousness relies on the complex interplay at different layers within a complex system, rather than wholly relying on the underlying substrates of the system. Thus, it is plausible to consider the existence of machine-based consciousness, creativity, and emotion. Furthermore, swarm intelligence should be recognized as a distinct form of intelligence. Human individuals serve as the foundational substrate enabling the realization of swarm intelligence, with individual intelligence reflecting the projection of swarm intelligence at the individual level. The advanced state of human civilization is primarily attributable to the effect of swarm intelligence. Building upon basic emotions to adapt to environmental conditions, advanced human emotions are a product of the evolutionary process by swarm intelligence. Emotions serve as a pivotal impetus for the formation and development of societies grounded in swarm intelligence. In pursuit of super-AI that surpasses human civilization in the future, nurturing swarm intelligence represents an inevitable trajectory.

The overcrowding of high-rise buildings in the city adversely affects the wind environment by changing the air currents in the surrounding areas. In particular, extreme climate phenomena caused by climate change are stronger and more frequent, causing social damages in cities. To comprehensively better understand the wind properties around high-rise buildings, actual filed measurement is necessary to determine the environment assessment of wind effect. We performed the on-site measurement on LCT residential complex regions (411.6m tall) with highly concentrated high-rise buildings in coastal city Busan, South Korea under extreme weather conditions such as typhoon invasions to determine wind fluid characteristics. In the field monitoring, five anemometers were installed to analyze the wind environment around high-rise buildings when typhoon 'Hinnamnor' invaded. Compared to the nearby weather station operated by KMA(Korea Meteorological Administration), the gust was 3.7 times stronger and the max 1 min-mean wind speed was 3.1 times stronger, and the characteristics of the downward wind and the canyon wind were shown depending on the location characteristics of the point. Turbulence intensity decreased as the wind speed increased and converged to a certain value. Likewise, the gust factor also decreased as the wind speed increased and converged to 2.0, which is considered to be the parameter that best represents the intensity of the instantaneous gust caused by the skyscraper wind effect.

BackgroundLiving donor liver transplantation offers comparable long-term results to cadaveric donor transplantation. This study analyzes the selection process of living liver donors at a Western transplant center that utilizes both donation forms. MethodsThis retrospective analysis examined potential living donors, collecting medical data and reasons for refusal, and divided patients by indication and urgency for transplantation. ResultsFrom January 2013 to December 2023, 594 potential living donors were assessed at Jena University Hospital. Of these, 124 living donor transplants were performed. During outpatient evaluation, 357 potential donors were excluded. Subsequently, 238 individuals underwent inpatient assessment, with 100 more being excluded. Main reasons for donor refusal included medical or psychological issues (n=160), disease progression in recipients (n=90), and recipient refusal or donor withdrawal (n=54). The evaluation process showed a trend towards considering more distant relatives and acquaintances as donor candidates with increasing severity of the recipient's disease.

This article describes a novel electrochemical on-chip biosensor that utilizes anti-PSA antibody (Ab) and silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) to enhance the sensing and detection capability of prostate specific antigen (PSA) in the blood. The AgNPs are prepared, characterized, and applied onto a silicon photonic on-chip biosensing receptor platform designed to enhance the accurate detection of PSA. The AgNPs were synthesized by a chemical reduction method using silver nitrate (AgNO₃) as the precursor. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), selected area electron diffraction (SAED), energy dispersion X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and light microscopy were among the methods used in the characterization and analysis of the AgNPs. Each stage of the immunosensor fabrication was characterized using cyclic voltammetry. The proposed immunosensor was applied in the detection of PSA, a prostate cancer biomarker, with a high sensitivity and a limit of detection of 0.17 ng/mL over a linear concentration range of 2.5 to 11.0 ng/mL. The immunosensor displayed good stability and was selective in the presence of interfering species like immunoglobulin (Ig) in human serum, ascorbic acid (AA), and diclofenac (Dic). The detectivity and sensitivity are significantly higher than previous reports on similar or related technologies.

Hox gene clusters are crucial in Embryogenesis. It was observed that some Hox genes are located in order along the telomeric to centromeric direction of the DNA sequence: Hox1, Hox2, Hox3…. These genes are expressed in the same order in the ontogenetic units of the Drosophila embryo along the Anterior-Posterior axis. The two entities (genome and embryo) differ significantly in linear size and in-between distance. This strange phenomenon was named Spatial Collinearity (SP). Later, it was observed that, particularly in the Vertebrates, a Temporal Collinearity (TC) coexists: first is Hox1 expressed, later Hox2 and even later Hox3,…,. According to a Biophysical Model (BM), pulling forces act at the anterior end of the cluster while a cluster fastening applies at the posterior end. Hox clusters are irreversibly elongated along the force direction. During Evolution, the elongated Hox clusters are broken at variable lengths thus split clusters may be created. An Empirical Rule was formulated distinguishing development due to a complete Hox cluster from development due to split Hox clusters. BM can ‘explain’ this Empirical Rule. In a spontaneous mutation where the cluster fastening is dismantled, a weak pulling force automatically shifts the cluster inside the Hox activation domain. This cluster translocation can probably explain the absence of Temporal Collinearity in Drosophila.

The inherited ‘EIA’ process at Brexit is based on a ‘Project’ period from Inception tothe start of construction works. The ‘Incompleteness’ of the process covers andidentifies stages that will impact on the environmental cycle: construction period,operational life, de-commissioning and a return to acceptable environmental footprint.A master environment structure-plan framework is required to commence with theupgrading of the complete ‘EIA’ process, embracing separate limbs for the UK’spriority environmental targets for climate change, and other major adverse effectswhich result in serious ‘harm’ to the UK environment. The identification of the processfor ‘incompleteness’ requires effective sustainability, and inclusion of effectivemanagement tools, for the essential ‘monitoring/control/recording’ proceduresthroughout the project life and the natural environmental cycle. This will allow theopportunity for a new approach to a structured ‘Suite of EIAR Directives’, to enable a‘EIAR’ regime that ‘will remain fit and proper for UK purpose’.

The salt-controlled vertical segregation of the mixed polymer brushes in was studied using the self-consisting field approach. The brushes contained two types chains were considered. It was assumed that the selectivity to the solvent was varied for one type of chains carrying charge (polyelectrolyte chains) while the others polymer chains in brush remained hydrophilic and neutral. Solvent selectivity (i.e., the hydrophobicity of the polyelectrolyte chains) can be controlled by changing the temperature. At low salt concentrations, the polyelectrolyte chains swell and occupy the surface of the mixed brush. At high salt concentrations, the hydrophobic polyelectrolyte chains collapse and give place to neutral chains on the surface. By changing the selectivity of the solvent and the ionic strength of the solution, the surface properties of such mixed brushes can be controlled. Based on the numerical simulations results, it is shown how the critical selectivity corresponding to the segregation transition in polyelectrolyte/neutral brushes depends on the ionic strength of the solution. It is shown that at the same ionic strength, the critical selectivity increases with increasing chain grafting density and the degree of dissociation of charged groups, as well as with increasing share of polyelectrolyte chains in the mixed brush. Within the framework of the mean field theory, a two-parameter model has been constructed that quantitatively describes these dependencies.

A physical scrutiny of experimental results published in Physical Review Letters (December 2015, M. Giustina, et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 115, 250401, and L. K. Shalm et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 115, 250402) is undertaken. These articles reported that measured outcomes were fitted with quantum states possessing a dominant component of non-entangled photons, thereby contradicting their own claim of quantum nonlocality. With probabilities of photon detections lower than 0.1 %, the alleged quantum nonlocality cannot be classified as a resource for developing quantum computing devices, despite recent publicity. Experimental evidence of a feasible process for quantum-strong correlations has been identified (M. Iannuzzi, et al., Phys. Lett. A, 384 (9), 126200, 2020) in terms of correlations between independent and multi-photon states evaluated as Stokes vectors on the Poincaré sphere. As single-photon sources are not needed, the design and implementation of quantum computing operations will be significantly streamlined.

Physics of high-Tc superconducting cuprates is obscured by the effect of strong electronic correlations. One way to overcome the problem is to seek for an exact solution at least within the small cluster and expand it to the whole crystal. Such an approach is in the heart of the cluster perturbation theory (CPT). Here we develop CPT for the dynamic charge and spin susceptibilities (spin-CPT), within which the correlation effects are explicitly taken into account by the exact diagonalization. We apply spin-CPT to the effective two-band Hubbard model for the cuprates obtained from the three-band Emery model and calculate one- and two-particle correlation functions, namely, spectral function and spin and charge susceptibilities. Doping dependence of the spin susceptibility was studied within spin-CPT and CPT-RPA that is the CPT generalization of the random phase approximation (RPA). Both methods produce the low energy response at four incommensurate wave vectors in qualitative agreement to the results of the inelastic neutron scattering on overdoped cuprates.

Social responsibility is imperative for its important function in the growth of societies and organizations. However, the research on corporate social responsibility (OSR) has predominantly focused on the actions of organizations. Not much has been discussed regarding the employee's behaviours in promoting the development of social responsibility within organizations. CI is known for its significant role in the organization's various outcomes, Although a conceptualization and some empirical support have been provided for its relationship with the behaviour of employees, However, the effect of CI on employee socially responsible behaviours has not yet been investigated. In this article, following OC and OI theories, we improve the research model which can describe mechanisms underpinning through which CI, OI and POS support actions for employees' social responsibility. Data was collected from members of service professionals in Saudi Arabia and examined using Structural Equation Modeling- Partial Least Squares. The findings indicated that CI actions and activities develop the skills that motivate employees to support social responsibility inside and outside the organization. Moreover, our research paper explained the mechanism under which CI activities reshape employees' socially responsible manners. The current study is among the first to look at how to modify the socially responsible behaviour of employees across organizations, which can be a starting point for transforming those employees into a sustainable society.

Glioblastoma (GBM) is an incurable primary brain cancer characterized by increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. The redox-sensitive tumor suppressor gene TP53, wildtype (wt) for 70% of patients, regulates redox homeostasis. Glioblastoma stem cells (GSCs) increase thioredoxin (Trx) and glutathione (GSH) antioxidant systems as survival redox-adaptive mechanisms to maintain ROS below the cytotoxic threshold. Auranofin, an FDA-approved anti-rheumatoid drug, inhibits thioredoxin reductase 1 (TrxR1). L-buthionine sulfoximine (L-BSO) and the natural product piperlongumine (PPL) inhibit the GSH system. We evaluated the cytotoxic effects of Auranofin alone and in combination with L-BSO or PPL in GBM cell lines and GSCs with known TP53 status. The Cancer Genome Atlas/GBM analysis revealed a significant positive correlation between wtp53 and TrxR1 expression in GBM. Auranofin induced ROS-dependent cytotoxicity within a micromolar range in GSCs. Auranofin decreased TrxR1 expression, AKT(Ser-473) phosphorylation, increased p53, p21 and PARP-1 apoptotic cleavage in wtp53-GSCs, while mutant-p53 was decreased in a mutant-p53 GSC line. p53-knockdown in a wtp53-GSC line decreased TrxR1 expression and significantly increased sensitivity to auranofin, suggesting the role of wtp53 as a negative redox-sensitive mechanism in response to auranofin in GSCs. Auranofin and L-BSO combination synergistically increased ROS, decreased IC50s and induced long-term cytotoxicity irrespective of p53 in GBM cell lines and GSCs. Intriguingly, Auranofin increased expression of glutathione S-transferase pi-1 (GSTP-1), a target of PPL. Combination of auranofin with PPL synergistically decreased IC50s to a nanomolar range in GSCs, supporting the potential to repurpose auranofin and PPL in GBM.

Starting from the model of a slow-rolling missile with six degrees of freedom (6 DOF) in the body frame, a 6 DOF model in the Resal frame is obtained, which is used to linearize the coupled commanded motion. Based on the linearized model, we obtain the structural scheme of the commanded object and define the quality parameters. The obtained parameters have a complex representation (with real and imaginary parts) due to the coupling between longitudinal channels. Then, the kinematic guidance equations, the seeker equations and the actuator specific to the slow-rolling single-channel missile are defined using a switching function. The guidance kinematic equations, the seeker equations and the actuator model are linearized in the Resal frame, and the structural diagram of the homing missile is constructed. Starting from this, the characteristic polynomial having complex coefficients is determined and then analyzed with the Frank-Wall stability criterion. Based on the analysis, a stability range is determined for the navigation constant and a minimum and possibly a maximum limit for the time to hit the target is obtained. The stability range defined for the navigation constant on the linear model is finally validated on the nonlinear model in the body frame.

In the realm of metal steel and iron manufacturing, there is a constant drive to optimize production efficiency and enhance the quality of the final products. This abstract explores a paradigm shift in this industry through the utilization of Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) as a powerful tool for achieving these goals .The study focuses on various critical aspects of the manufacturing process. Firstly, it delves into three-phase processes such as slag and gas entrainment in liquid steel, which have a significant impact on the overall product quality. Understanding and optimizing these processes is crucial to ensure the desired chemical composition and physical properties of the final metal.The abstract investigates the role of CFD in vacuum degassing, a process that plays a pivotal role in removing impurities, such as hydrogen and oxygen, from the liquid steel. By leveraging CFD to simulate and analyze the fluid flow patterns, researchers and engineers can design more efficient vacuum degassing systems, leading to improved product purity and reduced waste.Another crucial aspect explored in this abstract is the alloy melt and mixing process. By employing CFD simulations, researchers can gain insights into the movement of different alloy components and optimize their distribution within the melt. This aids in achieving the desired alloy composition, ensuring uniformity, and enhancing the mechanical properties of the final product.In addition, the study delves into the movement and flotation of inclusions, which are unwanted impurities present in the metal. CFD can be utilized to model and analyze the behavior of these inclusions, enabling engineers to design efficient strategies for their removal, thereby enhancing the purity and integrity of the final product.Moreover, the abstract considers the impact of melt temperature losses, which can occur during different stages of the manufacturing process. By employing CFD, it becomes possible to understand and mitigate these temperature losses, leading to improved energy efficiency and better control over the manufacturing parameters.Part 1 of this abstract critically evaluates the use of CFD in iron making, analyzing its benefits and limitations. It highlights how CFD can aid in process optimization, improving the understanding of complex phenomena involved in iron making, and ultimately leading to enhanced production efficiency.Part 2 focuses on the application of CFD in steel making and steel operation. It explores the fluid flow dynamics during different stages of steel production, including refining, casting, and rolling. By leveraging CFD, engineers can optimize these processes, leading to improved product quality, reduced defects, and increased productivity.This abstract demonstrates the transformative potential of Computational Fluid Dynamics in metal, steel, and iron manufacturing. By utilizing CFD as a tool to model and analyze complex fluid flow phenomena, researchers and engineers can revolutionize the production process, maximizing efficiency, and ensuring high-quality end products.

Transient receptor potential melastatin-8 (TRPM8) is a cation channel that is activated by cold and “cooling agents” such as menthol and icilin, which induce a cold sensation. Stimulation of TRPM8 activates an intracellular signaling cascade that ultimately leads to a change in the gene expression pattern of the cells. Here, we investigated the TRPM8-induced signaling pathway that links TRPM8 channel activation to gene transcription. Using a pharmacological approach, we show that inhibition of phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate 5 kinase alpha (PIP5K), an enzyme essential for the biosynthesis of phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate, attenuated TRPM8-induced gene transcription. Analyzing the link between TRPM8 and Gq proteins, we show that pharmacological inhibition of the beta gamma subunits impairs TRPM8 signaling. In addition, genetic studies showed that TRPM8 requires an activated Galpha subunit for signaling. In the nucleus, the TRPM8-induced signaling cascade triggers an activation of the transcription factor AP-1, a complex consisting of a dimer of basic region leucine zipper (bZIP) transcription factors. Here, we identified the bZIP protein c-Jun as an essential component of AP-1 within the TRPM8-induced signling cscade. In summary, with PIP5K, Gq subunits and c-Jun we have identified key molecules in the TRPM8-induced signaling from the plasma membrane to the nucleus.

The 2022-2023 Mpox multi-country outbreak, identified in over 110 WHO Member States, revealed a predominant impact on cisgender men, particularly those engaging in sex with men, while less frequently affecting women. This disparity prompted a focused investigation into the gender-specific characteristics of Mpox infections, particularly among women, to address a notable knowledge gap. This review systematically gathers and analyzes scientific literature and case reports concerning Mpox infections in women, covering a broad geographical spectrum including regions such as Buenos Aires, Brazil, Northern California, Colombia, Nigeria, Europe, Vietnam, Spain, Switzerland, and the United States. The analysis delves into various aspects of Mpox in women, including clinical features, epidemiology, psychological impacts, preparedness strategies, and case studies, with particular attention to pregnant women and those with underlying health conditions. Empirical data from multiple studies underscore the unique epidemiological and clinical patterns of Mpox in women. In the United States, a small percentage of Mpox cases were reported among cisgender women, with a notable portion involving non-Hispanic Black or African American, non-Hispanic White, and Hispanic or Latino ethnicities. The primary transmission route was identified as sexual or close intimate contact, with the virus predominantly manifesting on the legs, arms, and genital areas. Further, a study in Spain highlighted significant disparities in diagnosis delays, transmission modes, and clinical manifestations between genders, indicating a different risk profile and disease progression in women. Additionally, a case from Vietnam linked to a new Mpox sublineage in women emphasizes the role of women in the transmission dynamics and the importance of genomic monitoring. This review emphasizes the necessity for inclusive surveillance and research to fully understand Mpox dynamics across diverse population groups, including women. Highlighting gender and sexual orientation in public health responses is crucial for an effective approach to managing the spread and impact of the disease. The findings advocate for a gender-diverse assessment in health services and further research to explore the nuances of Mpox transmission, behavior, and progression among different groups, thereby enhancing the global response to Mpox and similar public health challenges.

In case of a discrete-time Hopfield neural network of two neurons with two delays and no self- connections at 23 bifurcation values 23 voltage trajectories appear.Among the 23 voltage trajectories 14 voltage trajectory are not what we call orbits in classic sense. The geometrical aspect of these trajectories suggest that they are fractals. Our conjecture is that the 14 trajectories in discussion are fractals having real couterpart. In case of a discrete-time Hopfield neural network of five neuron with delay and ring architecture at 9 bifurcation values 9 voltage trajectories appear.Among the 9 voltage trajectories we find 5 voltage trajectory which are not what we call orbits in classic sense.The geometrical aspect of these trajectories suggest that they are fractals.Our conjecture is that the 5 trajectories in discussion are fractals having real couterpart.. In case of a discrete-time Hopfield neural network of two neurons with a single delay and self- connections the computed trajectories are what we call orbits in classic sense. In case of a discrete-time Hopfield neural network of two neurons with two delays and self- connections the computed trajectories are what we call orbits in classic sense.

Objective: To evaluate audiological outcomes, quality of life, and complications in patients implanted with Active middle ear implants (AMEI). The secondary objective is to investigate the required duration after implantation to reach satisfactory outcomes. Methods: This retrospective study included 31 patients implanted with Active middle ear implants (AMEI) with different methods of floating mass transducer attachment. Patients with incomplete medical records and those who did not respond to postoperative follow-up were excluded. Patients were assessed preoperatively, and at one, three, and six months postoperatively. The assessment included Pure Tone Average (PTA4), Speech Reception Threshold (SRT) and Speech Discrimination Score (SDS). The Speech Spatial and Qualities of Hearing scale (SSQ12) was also used to evaluate levels of satisfaction. Result: There are no significant differences found in PTA and SRT between the 3-, 6-, and 12-month visits. The speech reception threshold (SRT) showed a statistically significant improvement at 3, 6, and 12 months post-operative measures compared to pre-operative. Additionally, the SDS exhibited a significant increase only after 12 months, compared to the 3-month time point. However, satisfaction levels did not significantly differ between the 6-month and 12-month measurements following surgery. Conclusion: Vibrant Sound bridge improves subjective satisfaction scores and audiological test scores in patients with different types of hearing loss. AMEI has a low risk of medical or surgical complications, the ease of using a hearing implant, and the social benefits of good hearing and communication.

We introduce a new variation on the domination theme which we call vertex domination as reducing waste of time in transportation planning and optimization of transport routes. We determine the vertex domination number $\gamma_v$ for several classes of fuzzy graphs. The bounds is obtained for it. In fuzzy graphs, monotone decreasing property and monotone increasing property are introduced. We prove both of the vizing's conjecture and the Grarier-Khelladi's conjecture are monotone decreasing fuzzy graph property for vertex domination. We obtain Nordhaus-Gaddum (NG) type results for these parameters. The relationship between several classes of operations on fuzzy graphs with the vertex domination number of them is studied. Finally, we discuss about vertex dominating set of a fuzzy tree by using the bridges and $\alpha$-strong edges equivalence.

The aim of this expository article is to present recent developments in the centuries-old discussion on the interrelations between several types of domination in graphs. However, the novelty even more prominent in the newly discovered simplified presentations of several older results. Domination can be seen as arising from real-world application and extracting classical results as first described by this article.The main part of this article, concerning a new domination and older one, is presented in a narrative that answers two classical questions: (i) To what extend must closing set be dominating? (ii) How strong is the assumption of domination of a closing set? In a addition, we give an overview of the results concerning domination. The problem asks how small can a subset of vertices be and contain no edges or, more generally how can small a subset of vertices be and contain other ones. Our work was as elegant as it was unexpected being a departure from the tried and true methods of this theory that had dominated the field for one fifth a century. This expository article covers all previous definitions. The inability of previous definitions in solving even one case of real-world problems due to the lack of simultaneous attentions to the worthy both of vertices and edges causing us to make the new one. The concept of domination in a variety of graphs models such as crisp, weighted and fuzzy, has been in a spotlight. We turn our attention to sets of vertices in a fuzzy graph that are so close to all vertices, in a variety of ways, and study minimum such sets and their cardinality. A natural way to introduce and motivate our subject is to view it as a real-world problem. In its most elementary form, we consider the problem of reducing waste of time in transport planning. Our goal here is to first describe the previous definitions and the results, and then to provide an overview of the flows ideas in their articles. The final outcome of this article is twofold: (i) Solving the problem of reducing waste of time in transport planning at static state; (ii) Solving and having a gentle discussions on problem of reducing waste of time in transport planning at dynamic state. Finally, we discuss the results concerning holding domination that are independent of fuzzy graphs. We close with a list of currently open problems related to this subject. Most of our exposition assumes only familiarity with basic linear algebra, polynomials, fuzzy graph theory and graph theory.

Pathogenicity of many bacteria including Bacillus cereus and Staphylococcus aureus depends on pore-forming toxins (PFTs), which cause lysis of host cells by forming pores in membranes of eukaryotic cells. Bioinformatic analysis revealed in over 600 PFTs a region homologous to the Lys171-Gly250 sequence in hemolysin II (HlyII) from B. cereus, which we designated as “homologous peptide”. Three β-barrel PFTs were used for a detailed comparative analysis. Two of them –HlyII and cytotoxin K2 (CytK2), – are synthesized in Bacillus cereus sensu lato; the third – S. aureus α-toxin (Hla) – is the most investigated representative of the family. Protein modeling showed certain amino acids of homologous peptide to be located on the surface of the monomeric forms of these β-barrel PFTs. We obtained monoclonal antibodies against both a cloned homologous peptide and a 14-membered synthetic peptide DSFNTFYGNQLFMK as part of homologous peptide. The HlyII, CytK2 and Hla regions recognized by the obtained antibodies, as well as an antibody capable of suppressing the hemolytic activity of CytK2, were identified in the course of the work. Antibodies capable of recognizing PFTs of various origins can be useful tools for both identification and suppression of the cytolytic activity of PFTs.

This article is devoted to the problem of genetically coding of inherited cyclic structures in biological bodies, whose life activity is based on a great inherited set of mutually coordinated cyclic processes. The author puts forward and arguments the idea that the genetic coding system is capable of encoding inherited cyclic processes because it itself is a system of cyclic codes connected with Boolean algebra of logic. In other words, the physiological processes in question are cyclical because they are genetically encoded by cyclic codes. In support of this idea, the author presents a set of his results on the connection of the genetic coding system with cyclic Gray codes, which are one of many known types of cyclic codes. This opens up the possibility of using for modeling inherited cyclic biostructures those algebraic and logical theories and constructions that are associated with Gray codes and have long been used in engineering technologies: Karnaugh maps, Hilbert curve, Hadamard matrices, Walsh functions, dyadic analysis, etc. Additionally, the connections of these constructions with statistical rules of genomic DNAs and binary-genomic numbers are considered.

We propose and experimentally realize a scheme of the optical nonreciprocity (ONR) using degenerate two-level atoms embedded in an optical ring cavity. For the degenerate transition Fg=4→Fe=3, we first study the cavity-transmission property in different coupling field, and verify that within the strong-coupling regime, the single-dark-state peak formed by electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) shows ONR. Qualitative theoretical analysis shows that the stable ground-state Zeeman coherence is necessary for intracavity EIT. However, due to the frequency degeneracy, the large Rabi frequency of counter-propagating coupling field can reduce the number of effective atoms and weaken the strong-coupling of the atom-cavity, which determines that ONR based on intracavity EIT occurs only at weaker probe intensity. Furthermore, the ONR transmission with high contrast, linewidth-narrowed and broadband is experimentally demonstrated.

In this work we report recent theoretical calculations of a superconducting island in a strong vortex confinement regime. The obtained results reveal the evolution of superconducting condensate as a function of electron mean-free path (l) with the evolution of an applied magnetic field H0. The results of this study provide an insight about the emergent superconducting properties under such conditions, using the Ginzburg-Landau numerical simulations where spatial variation of thickness d on island, omnipresent in these kind of structures grown on Si (111), is taken into account. These results offer a new route to tailor superconducting circuits by using the controlled bombardment, in order to explore the impact on vortex distribution, phase of order parameter, number of vortices, free energy and the first H1 and second critical field H2.

Natural Gas (NG) processing is a prominent industrial separation process. Among the available techniques, the innovative membrane process shows potential for efficient removal of impurities, including carbon dioxide (CO₂). This study focuses on utilizing breakthroughs in membrane separation to drive sustainable CO₂ extraction from natural gas. Through comprehensive research and analysis, we explore the effectiveness and feasibility of membrane-based systems in removing CO₂ impurities from NG, thus promoting greener and more sustainable industrial practices. Our findings underscore the transformative nature of membrane separation technology, presenting new possibilities for a more environmentally-friendly and sustainable approach to CO₂ extraction from natural gas.Natural Gas (NG) processing utilizes various techniques for impurity removal, with the membrane process emerging as a promising option for efficient carbon dioxide (CO₂) extraction. This research proposes the integration of a simple mathematical model into ASPEN HYSYS to design a membrane system for CO₂/CH₄ separation. The study also investigates parameter sensitivities by altering operating conditions, such as feed composition and pressure, as well as membrane properties, including selectivity. By analyzing these variables, we aim to optimize the performance and efficiency of the membrane system, facilitating the sustainable extraction of CO₂ from NG. The findings contribute to advancing the design and operation of membrane-based processes for CO₂ separation, paving the way for greener and more sustainable industrial practices. In addition, this study explores various configurations for optimizing the design of the membrane system, including single-stage with and without recycling as well as double-stage configurations. The investigation demonstrates that methane recovery can be enhanced through the recycling of the permeate stream and by implementing a double stage membrane system. These findings highlight the potential for improving the efficiency and performance of the membrane system, enabling higher methane recovery rates. By considering different configurations, this research contributes to the development of more effective and sustainable CO₂ extraction processes from natural gas.

Immune checkpoint receptors play a crucial role in steering tumor progression, prompting a focused investigation into the role of TIM3 in breast cancer. Analysis of TCGA BRCA data unveiled diverse correlations between TIM-3 expression and immune cell infiltration across subtypes. In our in-house cohort studied through IHC, significant changes in TIM3 expression with tumor grades were observed. Higher TIM3 expression correlated with increased disease-free survival in pan breast cancer, marking the first revelation of TIM3's positive role in pan BC prognosis. The study indicates that alluring TIM3 response, rather than suppression, may enhance breast cancer prognosis.

In recent years, wireless power transfer (WPT) has progressed rapidly in both theory and commercialization abroad. However, existing research into WPT coil design for low-power devices is limited. This paper investigates coil structure using printed circuit board (PCB) for magnetic resonant coupling WPT to address this gap. Specifically, the impacts of key geometric parameters on the coil quality factor and coupling coefficient are analysed through models and simulations. Equivalent PCB coils were formed for mutual inductance models, and four basic compensation circuits were analysed. The impacts of changes in coil thickness, line width, turn spacing, and number of turns on the quality factor of PCB coils were analysed with a fixed outer diameter of the coil. In this paper, to mitigate the coil offset while retaining PCB manufacturing simplicity for practical uses, a dual layer PCB coil structure is proposed. The structure optimizated PCB coil could offer remarkable improvements in the WPT system for low power electronic devices.

The development of integrated, compact, and multifunctional photonic circuits is crucial to increase the capacity of all-optical signal processing for communications, data management or microsystems. Plasmonics brings compactness to numerous photonic functions, but its integration into circuits in not straightforward due to insertion losses and poor modes matching. The purpose of this article is to detail the integration strategies of plasmonic structures on dielectric waveguides, and to show through some examples the variety and the application prospect of integrated plasmonic functions.

In an historic perspective on the development of the Standard Model of particle physics it is shown how mathematically driven axioms have masked the merits of a physically comprehensible structural view. It is concluded that the difference between the two approaches can be traced back to two major issues. Whereas in the Standard Model the quark is a Dirac particle with a single real dipole moment, the quark in the structural model, in confinement with other quarks, is a Dirac particle with two real dipole moments. The second issue is the view that empty space does not exist, but that space is filled with a polarisable energetic fluid. It is shown how recognition of these two issues pave a road to reconcile particle physics with gravity, in which the quark can be seen as a magnetic electron and in which the gluon, as the strong force carrier, can be seen as a massive photon.

With our long experience in the field of unification of gravity and quantum mechanics, we understood that, when mass of any elementary is extremely small/negligible compared to macroscopic bodies, highly curved microscopic space-time can be addressed with large gravitational constants and magnitude of elementary gravitational constant seems to increase with decreasing mass and increasing interaction range. In our earlier publications, we proposed that, 1) There exist three atomic gravitational constants associated with electroweak, strong and electromagnetic interactions; 2) There exists a strong interaction elementary charge in such a way that, it's squared ratio with normal elementary charge is close to inverse of the strong coupling constant; and 3) Considering a fermion-boson mass ratio of 2.27, quarks can be split into quark fermions and quark bosons. Further, we noticed that, electroweak field seems to be operated by a primordial massive fermion of rest energy 584.725 GeV and hadron masses seem to be generated by a new hadronic fermion of rest energy 103.4 GeV. In this context, starting from lepton rest masses to stellar masses, we have developed many interesting and workable relations. With further study, a workable model of final unification can be developed.

Here we evaluate the chemistry of mineral soil solutions collected by suction lysimeters in a small mountain catchment that was affected by acidification-related spruce die-back. The aim was to obtain new insights into spatial patterns of nutrient partitioning during acidification recovery. This was achieved by comparing nutrient concentrations in soil solutions, collected along a V-shaped valley, with those in runoff. Five nests of suction lysimeters were installed in the 33-ha UDL catchment at different topographic positions (hilltops, slopes and valley). Following a 1-year equilibration, monthly samples of soil solutions were collected over a 2-year period. In the vicinity of each lysimeter nest, soil pits were excavated for a study of soil chemistry. Soil solutions were analyzed for SO42-, NO3-, DOC, NH4+, Na+, K+, Ca2+, Mg2+, and total dissolved Al concentrations, DOC and pH. For a P release estimation, ammonium oxalate extraction of soil samples was performed. Comparison of soil water data from this study with other European studies indicated that major environmentally relevant chemical species at UDL had concentrations similar to median concentrations across numerous previously acidified sites. CEC (≤ 58 meq kg-1) and BS (≤ 13 %), however, were significantly lower at UDL than at other European sites, documenting incomplete recovery from acidification. Spatial trends and seasonality in soil water chemistry support belowground inputs from mineral-stabilized legacy pollutants and soil nutrients. Seasonal variability of soil water sulfate and nitrate was significant. High nitrate in soil solutions during summer originated during the preceding dormant season, and high sulfate concentrations observed during the winter originating from recycled organic S during the summer. Higher concentrations of SO42-, NO3-, and base cations in runoff than in soil solutions may be explained by lateral surficial runoff leaching pollutants and nutrients from very shallow soil horizons. Nearly 30 years after peak acidification, solutions in mineral subsoil at UDL exhibited similar concentrations of SO42-, Ca2+ and Mg2+ as median values at the Pan-European International Co-operative Program (ICP) Forest sites, yet NO3- concentrations were an order of magnitude higher than the ICP sites. Calcium applied on soil surface by liming 32 to 11 years ago affected runoff more than soil solutions, suggesting contribution of both shallow soil water and groundwater to runoff.

In this paper, a kind of single-walled carbon nanotube nonlinear model is developed, and the strongly nonlinear dynamic characteristics of such carbon nanotubes subjected to random magnetic field are studied. The nonlocal effect of microstructure is considered based on the theory of nonlocal elasticity. The natural frequency of the strongly nonlinear dynamic system is obtained by the energy function method, the drift coefficient and the diffusion coefficient are verified. The stationary probability density function of the system dynamic response is given and the fractal boundary of the safe basin is provided. Theoretical analysis and numerical simulation show that stochastic resonance occurs when varying the random magnetic field intensity. The boundary of safe basin has fractal characteristics and the area of safe basin decreases when the intensity of the magnetic field permeability increases.

Four fundamental forces of nature are too important to say because they dominate the formation and evolution of the universe. However, until now, their origins and physical essences have not been answered with wide acceptations. This paper gives new explanations for the origins and essences of these four forces based on different understandings, which can easily explain that all of the four fundamental forces of nature are originated from the electric force only and so can be unified to be one force. First of all, the gravitational force is a synthesized electric force produced by a huge amount of electric charges via particular movements and distributions. Depending on inference of nuclear structure, which has strong supports by observed phenomena, the strong and weak forces are deduced to be electric forces too. The introduced new understandings can explain observed confusing phenomena simply and effectively, such as “galaxy shape”, “dark matter”, “dark energy”, “gamma-ray bursts” in nuclear fission or fusion and from black holes, and so on. The author wrote this paper is for helping to find the natural truth earlier.

In this paper, we introduce a new iteration scheme, named as the S**-iteration scheme, for approximation of fixed point of the nonexpansive mappings. This scheme is faster than Picard, Mann, Ishikawa, Noor, Agarwal, Abbas, Thakur, and Ullah iteration schemes. We show the stability of our instigated scheme and give a numerical example to vindicate our claim. We also put forward some weak and strong convergence theorems for Suzuki's generalized nonexpansive mappings in the setting of uniformly convex Banach spaces. Our results comprehend, improve, and consolidate many results in the existing literature.

For the first time, We do fuzzification the concept of domination in crisp graph on a generalization of fuzzy graph by using membership values of vertices, α-strong edges and edges. In this paper, we introduce the first variation on the domination theme which we call vertex domination. We determine the vertex domination number γ_v for several classes of t-norm fuzzy graphs which include complete t-norm fuzzy graph, complete bipartite t-norm fuzzy graph, star t-norm fuzzy graph and empty t-norm fuzzy graph. The relationship between effective edges and α-strong edges is obtained. Finally, we discuss about vertex dominating set of a fuzzy tree with respect to a t-norm ⨂ by using the bridges and α-strong edges equivalence.

Air pollution has been a major environmental issue worldwide from the last few decades. It is a man-made issue that has a serious harmful impact on the environment and the health of humans. There are different sources of emission, but industrial processes and motor vehicles contribute to a chief part of air pollution. It has acute as well as chronic effects on the health of humans and affects different organs. It is thought the main environmental risk factor in the incidence and progression of several diseases such as lung cancer, asthma, Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases. Long-term exposure to air pollution has different toxicological impacts on humans such as respiratory and cardiovascular diseases, neuropsychiatric complications, eye irritation and skin diseases. As per the study by the World Health Organization (WHO), nitrogen oxides (NOx), carbon monoxide (CO), ozone (O₃), sulfur dioxide (SO₂), volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and heavy metals are the major air contaminants. These pollutants are different in their properties, composition and time of disintegration. The aim of this study is to review the different sources, types, impacts, challenges and mitigation of air pollution in detail.

Highly-correlated electrons – electrons that engage in strong electron-electron interactions – have been observed in transition metal oxides and quantum dots and can create unusual material behavior that is difficult to model, such as switching between a low resistance metal state and a high resistance Mott insulator state. Tests of devices using a layer-by-layer deposition process for forming multilayer arrays of ferritin (a transition metal (iron) oxide storage protein) have been previously reported that indicate that highly-correlated electron transport is occurring, consistent with models of electron transport in quantum dots. This paper reports the results of the effect of various degrees of structural homogeneity on the electrical characteristics of these ferritin arrays, as well as demonstrating that these structures can provide a switching function associated with the circuit that they are contained within, consistent with the observed behavior of highly-correlated electrons.

The Ayers Rock of Australia which is known for its charming colors at different time is actually the Celestial Body Ring of the planet Earth that implies the great Celestial Body Love happened on Earth long long ago. The Tasmania island of Australia which is known for the World Heart is actually in the state of face to face with the main island of Australia, which implies the image spokesperson for the inner core (the heart) of the planet Earth. In other words, with the outline of the main island of Australia, the basic key information of the inner core of the planet Earth could be easily obtained by deducing logically, just like the similarity between the fists and heart of human body. Similar to the mechanism of the blood circulation dominated by the heart of human body, it is dominated and motivated by the inner core of the Earth which forms the circulation of mantle magma between the crust and the inner core, and what leads to the formation of expanding and active area on the equatorial and middle-lower latitude area and the silent and convergent area on the North and South Pole central area. Therefore, the mantle magma whirlpools under the crust on the North and South Pole are supposed to exist logically. The walking sideways of the crabs just implies the celestial body language of the motive trend of the main island of Australia based on their similar outline.

The objective of this study was to analyze the epidemiological links of HIV, HCV and HIV-HCV coinfections to less studied types of transmission in certain populations. We performed an observational, prospective study on 903 patients aged between 15-87 years who took part in the Open Test Project. They were divided into two subgroups: general population and individuals from prisons, and questioned about multiple risk factors. Chi-Square Independence Test was used to establish correlations between the risk factors and the results of the screening tests. Logistic regression was used to calculate the probability of a reactive screening test based on each independent risk factor and age. HIV was very strongly associated with unprotected sexual intercourse with HIV-positive partners (the strongest association), unprotected sexual intercourse with sex workers, newly diagnosed sexually transmitted diseases (STDs), intravenous drug use (IDUs) and sharing injecting materials. In the case of HCV reactive tests, very strong associations have been established with injecting drug use (the strongest association), unprotected sexual intercourse with IDUs and sharing injecting materials. Our study indicates the need for implementing targeted public health programs, tailored to the local epidemiology that can ultimately lead to micro-elimination of hepatitis and HIV infections in this area.

Aim: This study aims to analyze the evolution of co-author networks in Single-Balloon Enteroscope (SBE) research from 2000 to 2023, using data from the Web of Science (WoS) Core Collection. The objective is to provide a structural overview of researcher collaborations in this specialized field, highlighting key contributors and the impact of international cooperation. Method: I conducted a co-author network analysis on 149 SBE-related articles indexed in the WoS Core Collection between 2000 and 2023. Using Python (Version 3.10.5) within the PyCharm development environment (Software Version 2022.1.3), I assessed macro-level indicators including network density, clustering coefficient, number of components, and average distance. Micro-level indicators such as degree centrality, closeness centrality, and betweenness centrality were also evaluated to understand the roles of individual researchers in the network.Result: The analysis revealed that the co-author networks in SBE research have evolved over the studied period, with varying degrees of connectivity and collaboration. From 2000 to 2009, the network showed moderate clustering but high fragmentation, with a few key researchers like Nista, Enrico C., and Spada, Cristiano playing central roles. In the 2010-2019 period, network density decreased, indicating expansion in the author pool but less frequent co-authorships. However, the clustering coefficient remained high, suggesting localized collaboration. Central figures such as Itoi, Takao emerged as influential in bridging network gaps. In the most recent period (2020-2023), network density moderately increased, reflecting improved collaboration. Key contributors included Tanisaka, Yuki, and Ryozawa, Shomei, who enhanced connectivity within the network. Despite these advancements, the network remained fragmented with isolated components throughout all periods. Conclusion: The co-author networks in SBE research have shown an overall increase in collaboration over the past two decades, with key contributors playing pivotal roles in connecting disparate groups. However, the persistent fragmentation suggests a need for more integrated efforts to enhance international collaboration. Understanding these network dynamics can inform future strategies for fostering global cooperation and advancing SBE research.

Strong-aroma Baijiu is a traditional Chinese spirit distilled from grains that undergo solid-state fermentation. At the end of each fermentation cycle, a significant quantity of Huangshui accumulates at the bottom of the fermentation pit, constituting one of the primary by-products in the brewing process of strong-flavor liquor. In this report, the chemical component analysis of Huangshui obtained from a strong-flavor liquor factory revealed a diverse array of organic acids, alcohols, esters, starch, reducing sugars, amino acids, and other compounds present in Huangshui. Additionally, two specialized solid-state fermentation models were developed to investigate the formation process of Huangshui. Our findings demonstrate a positive correlation between the yield of Huangshui and the initial moisture content of fermented grains. It is concluded that Huangshui is the percolate produced during the solid-state brewing process of strong-flavor liquor, with its water content originating from the initial moisture of fermented grains.

QSO B0218+357 is a blazar located at a cosmological redshift of 0.944. The source is gravitationally lensed by a spiral galaxy located at the redshift of 0.68. Strong gravitational lensing splits the signals emitted by the source into two components separated by 10-12 days, as observed in radio and gamma-ray bands. In July 2014 a GeV flare was observed by Fermi-LAT, triggering follow-up observations with the MAGIC telescopes at energies above 100 GeV. The expected time delay between the components allowed us to plan broad band MWL observations before, during and after the trailing component of the emission. The MAGIC observations at the expected time of arrival of the trailing component resulted in the first detection of QSO B0218+357 in Very-High-Energy (VHE, >100 GeV) gamma rays. It is both the farthest known VHE object and one of only a few Flat Spectrum Radio Quasars detected in this energy range. We report here the observed multiwavelength spectral and temporal properties of the emission during the 2014 flare.

To follow the growth and development of each tree (N = 1200) Pinus sylvestris L., var. Negorelskaya starting from the seed and continuing at the juvenile (or even generative) stage is the goal of an ambitious project to create a plant passport if possible. Five datasets of replenished empirical (tab-ular and file) and systematic data reflect the early results of a unique ongoing experiment conducted with families moved along a climatic gradient from the collection area (1731 degree days, 722 mm) to the experimental area (2326 degree days; 786 mm). Datasets of morphometric, VIS-spectrometric, and germination seed data, combined with the first results of biometric data (including the Dickson quality index) of seedlings produced from these seeds, will allow scientists in the future to conduct correlation and other statistical analysis, or train a neural network to determine the presence of connections between a seed and a plant. These data contribute to the early non-destructive diag-nosis and grading of seeds according to VIS-spectrometric properties. This dataset structure can complement the FLR-Library. In the future, by tracing seedlings in their early growth (for example, over three growing seasons at the site being restored), it will be possible to determine the degree of intensification of FRM production depending on the initial properties of the seed.

There exists an implicit potential limitation in every physical discoveries that has been implemented and understood. However, the limitations can be bounded within a safe limit to prevent any constructing theory to be free from errors. As, it’s the inert nature of the humans, to go far beyond the scope of experimental findings in order to pursue any studies with the sole help of logical reasoning and mathematics, the argument can be prevailed in the form of WEAK Clampdown Effect & STRONG Clampdown Effect. More, the theories are constructed out of physical nature, more the theory gets hypothetical without any finding evidence, but that does or doesn’t actually justify the phenomenon, that too with the more increment of KARDASHEV Scale, more moderate ways of experimentation got developed curbing down the limitations within the human limit of ‘ERRORS’, that does can be neglected by approximation. Relationship being cross-judgmental on the basis of the computational limits and calculation accuracy, leading to a soft singularity, as a warning, that if computer powers cannot be checked on the basis of error approximations, then this may lead to the hitting of a hard singularity, that in phase with the forbidden gap (or after the optimum limit that arises at the core constraints of nature) to prevent the computation being carried off with respect to super-intelligence machines that are cognitive capability oriented future computers responsible for self growth & reproduction with more improvement algorithm, restricting all forms of humanity & constraints the human growth by virtue of limiting capacities of the humans as compared to computers.

In this paper, we study a three step iterative scheme to approximate fixed points of Suzuki's generalized non-expansive mappings. We establish some weak and strong convergence results for such mappings in uniformly convex Banach spaces. Further, we show numerically that iterative scheme (1.8) converges faster than some other known iterations for Suzuki's generalized non-expansive mappings. To support our claim, we give an illustrative example and approximate fixed points of such mappings using Matlab program. Our results are new and generalize several relevant results in the literature.

The interaction of electrons with strong laser fields is usually treated with semiclassical theory, where the laser is represented by an external field. There are analytic solutions for the free electron wave functions, which incorporate the interaction with the laser field exactly, but the joint effect of the atomic binding potential presents an obstacle for the analysis. Moreover, the radiation is a dynamical system, the number of photons changes during the interactions. Thus, it is legitimate to ask how can one treat the high order processes nonperturbatively, in such a way that the electron-atom interaction and the quantized nature of radiation be simultaneously taken into account? An analytic method is proposed to answer this question in the framework of nonrelativistic quantum electrodynamics. As an application, a quantum optical generalization of the strong-field Kramers-Heisenberg formula is derived for describing high-harmonic generation. Our formalism is suitable to analyse, among various quantal effects, the possible role of arbitrary photon statistics of the incoming field. The present paper is dedicated to the memory of Prof. Dr. Fritz Ehlotzky, who had significantly contributed to the theory of strong-field phenomena over many decades.

To understand the mystery of final unification, in our earlier publications, we proposed two bold concepts: 1) There exist three atomic gravitational constants associated with electroweak, strong and electromagnetic interactions. 2) There exists a strong elementary charge in such a way that its squared ratio with normal elementary charge is close to reciprocal of the strong coupling constant. In this paper we propose that, can be considered as a compound physical constant associated with proton mass, electron mass and the three atomic gravitational constants. With these ideas, an attempt is made to understand nuclear stability and binding energy. In this new approach, nuclear binding energy can be fitted with four simple terms having one unique energy coefficient with a formula, where is an estimated mean stable mass number. With this new approach, Newtonian gravitational constant can be estimated in a verifiable approach with a model relation of the form, where is the Fine structure constant. Estimated and is 62 ppm higher than the CODATA recommended It needs further investigation. Proceeding further, an attempt is made to fit the recommended quark masses.

Lactic acid (LA) is a significant byproduct in Baijiu fermentation, with both D(-)-lactic acid (D(-)-LA) and L-lactic acid (L(+)-LA) being present due to the diverse microbial metabolism involved. L(+)-LA, a key industrial raw material, is metabolizable by humans, unlike D(-)-LA. This study aims to isolate microorganisms from fermented grains that preferentially produce L(+)-LA and apply these strains to Baijiu fermentation processes. We analyzed 106 commercially available Baijiu samples, along with fermented grains, yellow water, and Baijiu samples from 10 Baijiu factories, confirming the coexistence of D(-)-LA and L(+)-LA in fermentation products. Notably, a strong correlation was found between L(+)-LA in fermented grains and L-ethyl lactate (L(+)-EL) in Baijiu. Microbial community analysis revealed that Lactobacillus and Bacillus were the dominant bacterial groups, with a succession of microbial communities throughout fermentation. Two strains, A6 and B12, identified as Bacillus licheniformis and Bacillus cereus, respectively, were isolated for their high selectivity in L(+)-LA production. Both strains demonstrated a high yield of L(+)-LA in fermentation tests. Incorporating these strains into both liquid- and solid-state fermentation systems markedly increased the proportion of L(+)-EL relative to total ethyl lactate in Baijiu. This study successfully isolated and applied L(+)-LA-producing strains to fermentation models, offering a practical strategy for increasing L(+)-LA content in Baijiu.

In this paper, we make an attempt to estimate the famous Avogadro number with programming logics written in Python associated with advanced nuclear binding energy formulae. Average rest mass of nucleon, nuclear binding energy per nucleon and electron rest mass seem to play a vital role in estimating the unified atomic mass unit and Avogadro number. Interesting point to be noted is that, Avogadro number seems to be the inverse of the Unified atomic mass unit. With further study, it seems possible to estimate the unified atomic mass unit and Avogadro number accurately. Our interesting observation is that, short range strong nuclear force seems to have a vital role in deciding the accuracy of Avogadro number. For that purpose one may consider AI techniques along with newly observed atomic nuclides and their nuclear binding energies. For Z=6 to 118 and A_low=2Z and A_upper=3.5Z, estimated average value of Avogadro number is $N_{Average} \cong 6.01938 \times 10 ^{26}$. Considering the saturation of nuclear binding energy, at Z=26, $N_{Z=26} \cong \left(6.02229 \textrm{to} 6.02285\right) \times 10 ^{26}$. At academic level, our proposal can be given a chance as a case study. It is planned to develop a web application for this purpose.

It is extremely fascinating and astonishing that the gravitational field on the surface of a neutron star is with a relativistic mass density of 2.65*10¹⁶~5.87*10¹⁸kgm^-3 which can be larger than the mass density of the neutron star (~10¹⁷kgm^-3).Therefore, it is the author’s first intuitional imagining that this field could directly convert into mass. In so strong a gravitational field, electron and proton could be produced directly from graviton–photon collision. The gravitational field exists in everywhere in our universe. No vacuum that the region of a space is “empty” does exist. A particle is clearly always being acted on by the gravitational field. The quantum vacuum fluctuation and vacuum polarization need be re-understood with the interaction between photon and gravitational field. Therefore, the gravitational field is naturally one of the foundations of modern physics.

Background: In our recent publications pertaining to 4G model of final unification and based on strong and electroweak interactions, we have proposed the existence of a weak fermion of rest energy 585 GeV. Objective: To confirm the physical existence of the proposed 585 GeV weak fermion by analyzing weak and strong interactions in a unified approach via 4G model of final unification, super symmetry and string theory. Method: Considering the proposed nuclear charge of 2.95e, proton, electron mass ratio, specific charge ratios of proton and electron, Fermi’s weak coupling constant, Reduced Planck’s constant, nucleon magnetic moments, nuclear stability, nuclear binding energy, nuclear mass and neutron lifetime, it is planned to confirm the physical existence of the proposed 585 GeV weak fermion. Results: All proposed logics and formulae clearly establish the physical existence of 585 GeV weak fermion directly and indirectly. Conclusion: Believing in the physical existence of the proposed 585 GeV weak fermion, there is a scope for observing galactic TeV radiation coming by virtue of annihilation of 585 GeV fermions and radiation associated with various astrophysical acceleration mechanisms of 585 GeV fermions. Appeal: As we are beginners of astrophysics domain, we appeal the science community to see the possibility of considering the proposed 585 GeV weak fermion with a charge of $\pm\left(e\right)$ in place of electron and proton.