To address the issue of GNSS receivers being unable to function properly in tunnels due to the loss of Global Navigation Satellite System(GNSS) signals, this paper proposes a two-dimensional differential positioning system for tunnel environments, based on dual leaky coaxial(LCX) cables with GNSS signal frequency relay forwarding. The system receives mixed GNSS signals from open environments and utilizes the frequency selection capabilities of the MAX2769E chip to separate and generate radio frequency signals at different frequencies corresponding to GPS, BDS, and GLONASS. These signals are then used to drive three ports of the LCX cables, which are laid in parallel within the tunnel. By leveraging the uniform radiation characteristics of the LCX cables, stable GNSS signal coverage is achieved throughout the tunnel. On the receiving end, the GNSS receiver achieves two-dimensional positioning by utilizing inter-satellite pseudorange differences and reference point error correction. Simulation results indicate that the dual T-shaped radiating LCX cables configuration offers excellent positioning accuracy and noise resistance, achieving meter-level positioning accuracy in tunnel environments.

This paper provides an in-depth comparative analysis of three prominent machine learning techniques: decision trees, neural networks, and Bayesian networks. Each method is explored in terms of its theoretical foundations, algorithmic structure, strengths, limitations, and real-world applications. Decision trees are celebrated for their simplicity and interpretability, making them ideal for decision-making systems, but they often struggle with overfitting and poor performance on high-dimensional data. Neural networks, while capable of achieving high accuracy and effectively handling complex, non-linear patterns, are criticized for their "black-box" nature and computational intensity. Bayesian networks distinguish themselves through their ability to model uncertainty and incorporate prior knowledge, making them highly applicable in scenarios requiring probabilistic reasoning, yet they are challenging to scale for complex, high-dimensional data sets. This comparative analysis highlights the distinctive advantages of each method, their performance across various domains such as healthcare, finance, and risk assessment, and the growing potential of hybrid models that combine the strengths of these techniques. The paper concludes by discussing future research opportunities, particularly in enhancing model interpretability and scalability while addressing domain-specific challenges.

Background/Objectives: A blood culture (BC) care bundle is aimed at decreasing BC contamination rate. This study examined prospectively the effect of a care bundle on BC contamination rates in a high workload ICU. Methods: We performed a before-after study in a general ICU, from January 2018 to May 2019. Blood culture sets were classified as positive, contaminated, indeterminate and negative. We used bivariate and interrupted time series analysis to assess the effect of the intervention and factors associated with contamination rates. Results: During the study, a total of 4236 BC vials were collected. BC Contamination rate decreased significantly after the intervention from 6.2% to 1.3%. Incidence rate of contaminated BC sets was significantly lower in the POST phase: 0.461 vs 0.154 BC sets per 100 ICU bed-days. Overall compliance with the BC care bundle increased from 3.4% to 96.9%. Conclusions: The care bundle was effective in reducing BC contamination and improving several quality indicators in our setting. The indeterminate BC rate is an important problem, and we suggest that it should be included in BC quality indicators. : The BC care bundle implementation was effective in reducing BC contamination rate, although its long-term effect was not assessed.

Social media platforms have become pivotal tools for small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), offering vast opportunities for enhanced organizational engagement. However, these platforms also present challenges such as data privacy concerns, feedback management, and content saturation. This systematic review critically evaluates the existing literature on the dual role of social media in fostering organizational engagement while addressing key barriers faced by SMEs. We systematically assessed 104 peer-reviewed articles sourced from Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar, focusing on the impact of social media on marketing strategies and organizational outcomes in SMEs. The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale was used for quality assessment, and effect measures, including mean difference and odds ratio, were employed to evaluate performance metrics such as customer engagement, business performance, and long-term organizational impact. Key findings indicate that 74% of SMEs reported improvements in brand visibility, with customer engagement increasing by 65%. However, significant concerns were identified, with 45% of studies highlighting privacy issues and 52% addressing challenges in managing negative feedback. The review emphasizes that while social media can enhance market reach and customer interaction, its effectiveness largely depends on strategic content management and planning. This review provides actionable insights for SMEs aiming to optimize social media use, highlighting the need for future research to address privacy management and feedback strategies for sustained success.

Background Laparoscopic cholecystectomy constitutes the current “gold standard” treatment of symptomatic gallstone disease. In order to avoid intraoperative vasculobiliary injuries it is mandatory to establish “critical view of safety”. In case of poor identification of the cystic duct and artery leading to a missed intraoperative injury, patients present with elevated liver function tests (LFTs) or increased bilirubin postoperatively. The aim of this study is to present a series of patients of our institute with elevated liver enzymes and bilirubin after laparoscopic cholecystectomy in the absence of intraoperative injury or any other obvious etiology and to provide a possible explanation of this finding. Methods From 2019 to 2023, 200 patients underwent elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy at the Papageorgiou General Hospital and at the European Interbalcan Medical Center of Thessaloniki utilizing the “critical view of safety” method. We retrospectively collected the intraoperative reports and the pre and postoperative imaging and laboratory studies of the patients included in this series. Postoperative LFTs and bilirubin levels were extracted and the reason for their transient elevation was examined. Results From 200 cases of laparoscopic cholecystectomy, in 6 patients elevated LFTs and bilirubin were found on the first postoperative day, which is suggestive of a missed intraoperative injury. All patients were asymptomatic. During the investigatory workup, a triple-phase CT of the liver and/or an MRCP were ordered, but no pathological findings, such as biliary injury, hepatic artery injury or choledocholithiasis, were found. On postoperative day 3, LFTs and bilirubin levels decreased or normalized without any intervention. No postoperative complications were reported. Conclusion In select cases, a transient increase in LFTs and/or bilirubin may be observed in the early postoperative period after elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy in the absence of an obvious etiology. A possible interpretation of these findings could involve the pneumoperitoneum or the anesthesia regimens used intra- or perioperatively. The specific cause however remains undetermined and yet to be examined by future studies.

The Blue Economy is a recent development paradigm, created in response to a refocusing of sustainable development during preparations for the UN Conference on Environment and Development in 2012 in which the ‘green economy’ was proposed. Coastal and island States called for a ‘blue’ equivalent. In the years since the ‘blue economy’ has been enthusiastically received by many, but its exact nature remains uncertain and contested. In this paper I examine in more detail the practices, the technologies, the materialities, of the BE ‘dispositif’ to address the question of ‘place’, as it is only in the context of place, I argue, that we can really understand how the Blue Economy is enacted. In doing so, I make the argument that the Blue Economy is a ‘security dispositif’ (referencing Michel Foucault) and that to govern Blue Economy places well, we need to pay attention to the emergent space-time relations of the dispositif ‘in place’. Finally, I argue for a rethinking of economy and of blue economy governance, drawing on relational analysis of empirical cases in Kenya to call for a blue economy that is more sensitive to communities and the places they inhabit – a blue œconomy.

The study investigates using a recommender system to improve the accuracy of depth of defect (DoD) estimation in immersive steel samples. The proposed method can enhance prediction performance and be applied across various industries like water, oil, and gas. The recommender system is trained on experimental data from an immersive wedge sample and then evaluated on test data from a different sample to demonstrate its potential for precise and non-invasive DoD detection.

Aim: To determine the clinical performance association of periodontal disease with diabetes mellitus, using an umbrella review. Material and Methods: An information search was carried out up to August 2023 in the following electronic databases: PubMed, Cochrane database, Scopus, SciELO, Google Scholar and OpenGrey. We included studies that were systematic reviews (SR) with or without meta-analysis, without time and language restrictions, that evaluated primary studies that evaluated the association between periodontal disease with diabetes mellitus. Literature or narrative reviews, rapid reviews, intervention studies, observational studies, preclinical and basic research, abstracts, comments, case reports, protocols, personal opinions, letters, and posters were excluded. The AMSTAR-2 tool was used to determine the methodological quality of the included studies. Results: The preliminary search yielded a total of 577 articles, discarding those that did not meet the selection criteria, leaving only 17 articles. An association was found between periodontal disease and diabetes mellitus (type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus and gestational diabetes mellitus). Conclusion: Based on the results and conclusions of the SR with a high overall confidence, periodontal disease is associated with the onset of type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus and gestational diabetes.

Influenza behavior depends on several characteristics: the agent itself, the host response, and environmental changes that determine seasonality, presentation, disease severity, lethality, and intensity of contagion. Vulnerable populations, such as the elderly, people with underlying diseases, and incomplete vaccination status, can influence disease presentation and epidemiology. These information changes are necessary for existing surveillance systems. Special surveillance of human and animal diseases is necessary, considering recent outbreaks and epidemic waves of viral diseases such as avian influenza. This study analyzed the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on influenza vaccination coverage in Mexico and Central America. We used existing data and information in the countries and what was reported to WHO and UNICEF on administrative coverage of influenza vaccination reported by the countries, and the PAHO surveillance databases for influenza and other respiratory viruses. Influenza vaccine application varies in Central American countries and Mexico. Vaccination schedules have been adapted following WHO and PAHO recommendations, and considering the epidemiological, organizational conditions and financial realities of each country. Surveillance systems must be prepared for a possible “tridemic” in humans involving influenza, SARS-CoV-2 and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV). Influenza-associated disease was considerably affected during the COVID-19 pandemic. Given the preventive measures implemented, cases were unusually low during 2021-22, but cases increased sharply in 2022-23 caused by influenza A and influenza A H1N1 pdm09, with some isolated cases of influenza B.

New data, including Raman spectroscopy, characterize unusual mineral assemblages from rocks of the Naylga and Khamaryn–Khyral–Khiid combustion metamorphic complexes in Mongolia. Several samples of melilite–nepheline paralava and other thermally altered (metamorphosed) sedimentary rocks contain troilite (FeS), metallic iron (Fe0), kamacite (Ni-bearing Fe0), taenite (Ni-rich Fe0), barringerite or allobogdanite (Fe2P), schreibersite (Fe3P), steadite (Fe4P = eutectic α-Fe+Fe3P), wüstite (FeO), and cohenite (Fe3C). The paralava matrix includes a fragment composed of magnesiowüstite–ferropericlase (FeO–MgO solid solution), as well as of spinel (Mg,Fe)Al2O4 and forsterite. The highest-temperature mineral assemblage belongs to a xenolithic remnant, possibly Fe-rich sinter: molten ash left after underground combustion of coal seams. The crystallization temperatures of the observed iron phases were estimated using phase diagrams for the respective systems: Fe–S for iron sulfides and Fe–P for iron phosphides. Iron monosulfide (high-temperature pyrrhotite) with inclusions of Fe0 underwent solid-state conversion into troilite at 140 °C. Iron phosphides in inclusions from the early growth zone of anorthite–bytownite in melilite–nepheline paralava crystallized from < 1370 to 1165 °C (Fe2P), 1165–1048 °C (Fe3P), and

We present a simple proof of the well-known axiomatic characterization of state-salient decision rules on the domain of all strict preference profiles, using Pareto property and Global Independence of Irrelevant Alternatives. Our proof appeals to Sen’s Impossibility Theorem and an extract from a proof of the same theorem, that is available in an earlier paper of this author.

October 17, 2024 Dear Prof. Dr. Rizzo and Dr. Oshiro, Prof. Dr. Rizzo: Editor-in-Chief of the Endocrinology section. Dr. Oshiro: Guest Editor of the “Advances in Clinical Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolic Diseases” special Issue. I would like to submitt the manuscript entitled “Hyperornithinemia-Hyperammonemia-Homocitrullinuria Syndrome in Vietnamese Patients” by Khanh Ngoc Nguyen et al. to be considered for publication as an article in the “Advances in Clinical Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolic Diseases” of the “Medicina” journal. This study included retrospective and prospective analyses of four unrelated Vietnamese children diagnosed with Hyperornithinemia-hyperammonemia-homocitrullinuria (HHH) syndrome. HHH syndrome is one of the rarest urea cycle disorders and is characterized by failure of mitochondrial ornithine uptake, hyperammonemia, and accumulation of ornithine and lysine in the cytoplasm. Genetic analysis is key for diagnosis. In this study, we report the phenotype, genotype, treatment, and outcome of the four patients. To our best knowledge, this study is the first report of HHH patients in Vietnam. A diverse onset age and delayed diagnosis were observed. All four cases showed hyperornithinemia and prolonged prothrombin time. Three out of four cases presented with hyperammonemia, elevated transaminases, and uraciluria. No homocitrulline was detected in the urine. Genetic analyses identified three pathogenic variants in the SLC25A15 gene. The c.535C>T (p.Arg179*) variant is a common variant in Vietnamese patients. The c.562_564del (p.Phe188del) and c.408del (p.Met137Cysfs*10) variants were found in one case. The latter variant has yet been reported in the HHH patients in the literature. After intervention with a protein-restricted diet, ammonia-reducing therapy, and L-carnitine supplementation, no case had hyperammonemia and liver enzyme levels returned to normal range. Our results high-lighted clinical and biochemical heterogeneity of HHH syndrome and suggested that HHH syndrome should be considered when individuals present with hyperammonemia, elevated transaminase, and decreased prothrombin time. We believe these findings will be of interest to the readers of Medicina. We confirm that neither the manuscript nor any parts of its content are currently under consideration for publication with or published in another journal. All authors approved the final version of the manuscript and agree with its submission to Medicina. Thank you for your time and effort. We look forward to hearing from you regarding our submission. Yours sincerely, Chi Dung Vu (PhD., Assoc. Prof.) Center of Endocrinology, Metabolism, Genetic/Genomics and Molecular Therapy, Vietnam National Children’s Hospital, 18/879 La Thanh, Dong Da, Hanoi, Vietnam Email: dungvu@nch.gov.vn. Tel: +84-246-2747643

Perinatal asphyxia is a leading cause of neonatal morbidity and mortality, often resulting in hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) with lasting neurodevelopmental impairments. Therapeutic hypothermia has been proposed as a treatment to mitigate brain damage, but its effects on specific brain structures remain under investigation. This study explores the relationship between cerebral volumetry, cortical thickness, and neurodevelopment in term neonates with perinatal asphyxia, with or without therapeutic hypothermia. A prospective cohort of term neonates with perinatal asphyxia was divided into two groups: one group exposed to therapeutic hypothermia and another group from a different institution that did not receive therapeutic hypothermia (non-exposed). Brain MRI data were analyzed using Infant-FreeSurfer and machine learning algorithms to quantify volumes of the basal ganglia, gray matter, white matter, cortical gyri, cerebellum, and cortical thickness. Neurodevelopment was assessed using the Bayley Scale III, focusing on motor, cognitive, and language domains, with additional genetic analyses of neurodevelopmental markers. Statistical comparisons adjusted for therapeutic hypothermia revealed significant differences in brain volumes. Hypothermia-treated infants demonstrated increased gray and white matter volumes and greater cortical thickness in specific regions, correlating with improved neurodevelopmental outcomes. These findings suggest that therapeutic hypothermia has a neuroprotective effect on specific brain structures, contributing to better cognitive and motor development. The study underscores the potential of therapeutic hypothermia as a critical intervention for perinatal asphyxia. It highlights the need for further research on its long-term benefits, incorporating advanced neuroimaging techniques and genetic insights to optimize outcomes.

Background/Objectives: This study aimed to compare the diagnostic accuracy of the Wells and Geneva scores, used with a 500 ng/mL D-dimer cutoff, along with the age-adjusted D-dimer (AADD), YEARS, and PEGeD algorithms in patients with and without COVID-19. The performance of various D-dimer thresholds was also evaluated. Methods: This retrospective study included patients who presented to the emergency department and underwent computed tomography pulmonary angiography (CTPA) for suspected pulmonary embolism (PE). The diagnostic performance of clinical prediction algorithms was compared between two groups. Results: We analyzed data from 1423 patients; PE diagnosis and COVID-19 positivity rates were 7.3% and 69.9%, respectively. In patients with COVID-19, the Wells score with a 500 ng/mL D-dimer threshold exhibited 97.22% sensitivity (95% CI: 80.53–100.00) and 4.99% specificity (95% CI: 3.58–6.39). Using AADD increased the specificity to 7.81% (95% CI: 6.08–9.54) while maintaining sensitivity at 97.22% (95% CI: 93.43–100.00); similar results were observed for the Geneva score. The YEARS algorithm exhibited 86.11% sensitivity (95% CI: 78.12–94.10) and 32.75% specificity (95% CI: 29.73–35.78), whereas the PEGeD algorithm exhibited 86.11% sensitivity (95% CI: 78.12–94.10) and 34.06% specificity (95% CI: 31.00–37.12). The YEARS and PEGeD algorithms demonstrated better performance in patients with COVID-19 in terms of specificity and accuracy. Conclusion: COVID-19 infection did not significantly affect the diagnostic performances of the clinical algorithms for PE. YEARS and PEGeD performed better in patients with COVID-19, making them preferable. Higher D-dimer thresholds improved specificity but increased the risk of missed PE diagnoses.

In today’s complex decision-making landscape, multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) frameworks play a crucial role in addressing conflicting criteria. This paper introduces a novel framework that combines the Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) with random hypergraphs to enhance decision processes. Traditional MCDM methods often face challenges due to uncertainty and interdependencies among criteria. Our approach leverages random hypergraphs to better capture the relationships between criteria, offering a refined representation of decision problems. We delve into the theoretical foundations of this framework, detailing its algorithmic implementation and methodologies for evaluating alternatives under uncertainty. Performance comparisons illustrate the advantages of the proposed TOPSIS framework, emphasizing how random hypergraphs enrich TOPSIS’s analytical capabilities. This research advances the theoretical understanding of MCDM frameworks while providing practical insights for practitioners seeking robust solutions in complex and uncertain decision-making environments.

Recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy remains a significant complication following minimally invasive esophagectomy for esophageal cancer. Despite advancements in surgical techniques and lymphadenectomy precision, the incidence of recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy has not been improved. Recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy predominantly affects the left side and may lead to unilateral or bilateral vocal cord paralysis, resulting in hoarseness, dysphagia, and an increased risk of aspiration pneumonia. While most cases of recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy are temporary and resolve within 6 to 12 months, some patients may result in permanent nerve dysfunction, severely impacting patient quality of life. Prevention strategies, such as nerve integrity monitoring, robotic-assisted minimally invasive esophagectomy, and advanced dissection techniques, aim to minimize nerve injury, though their effectiveness varies. Management of recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy includes voice and swallowing rehabilitation, reinnervation techniques, and, in severe cases, surgical interventions such as thyroplasty and intracordal injection. As recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy can lead to significant postoperative respiratory complications, a multidisciplinary approach involving surgical precision, early detection, and comprehensive rehabilitation is crucial to improving patient outcomes and minimizing long-term morbidity in minimally invasive esophagectomy.

Background: Objective training load indexes (TL) used in resistance training lack of physiological significance. This study aimed to provide a muscle physiology-based approach for quantifying TL in resistance exercises (RE). Methods: Following individual torque-velocity profiling, fifteen participants performed isokinetic leg extension exercise sessions at low (C1), moderate (C2), and high (C3) intensities. Systemic and local physiological responses were measured, and sessions were volume-equated according to the "volume-load" (VL) method. Results: Significant differences were found between sessions in terms of mechanical work (p

This study introduces a novel seatbelt-integrated, non-invasive beam-focusing metamaterial sensing system characterized by its thinness and flexibility. The system comprises a flexible transmitarray lens and an FMCW radar sensor, enabling accurate detection and analysis of seatbelt usage and positioning through human tissue. The metasurface design remains effective even when subjected to different bending angles. Our system closely tracks heart rate and respiration, validated against standard reference methods, highlighting its potential for enhancing in-car healthcare monitoring. Experimental results demonstrate the system’s reliability in monitoring physiological signals within dynamic vehicular environments.

Shale formations pose significant challenges to traditional drilling fluids, including issues such as fluid invasion, cutting dispersion, and shale swelling, which contribute to wellbore instability. While oil-based drilling fluids (OBM) effectively address these challenges, concerns over their environmental impact and cost limit their widespread adoption. Nanoparticles (NPs) have emerged as a promising frontier in enhancing the performance of water-based drilling fluids (WBDFs) in shale applications. This study explores the potential of Graphene Oxide (GO) modified with Nanocellulose (NC) in comparison to WBDFs with and without non-modified GO additives. The combination of GO and NC is chosen for its synergistic effects: GO provides enhanced mechanical strength and barrier properties, while NC serves to stabilize the dispersion and improve compatibility with WBDF matrices. The modification with NC aims to optimize the interaction between GO and the drilling fluid components, enhancing performance in shale inhibition and fluid loss control. The research involved the successful synthesis and characterization of a GO/NC nanocomposite, which underwent examination through FTIR, PSD, and SEM analyses. Also we evaluated the filtration properties of water-based drilling fluids (WBDF) enhanced with a graphene oxide/nanocellulose (GO/NC) nanocomposite and compared the results to conventional WBDF. Filtration performance was assessed under both low-temperature low-pressure (LTLP) and high-temperature high-pressure (HTHP) conditions, and contact angle measurements were conducted to examine the wettability of shale. The results demonstrated that incorporating GO/NC into the WBDF reduced filtrate volume by 17% under LTLP conditions and by 23.75% under HTHP conditions, indicating a significant improvement in filtration control. Furthermore, the GO/NC-WBDF increased the hydrophobicity of the shale, as shown by a 61° increase in contact angle. These findings suggest that GO/NC enhances the performance of WBDF by reducing fluid loss and improving wellbore stability, particularly in unconventional shale formations.

This study examines the significant impact of Houthi insurgent activities on maritime traffic within the strategic Red Sea and Suez Canal routes, essential conduits for global trade. It explores the correlation between regional instability, exemplified by Houthi actions from November 19, 2023, to February 5, 2024, and changes in maritime traffic patterns and operational efficiency. This study seeks to answer a critical question in transport geography: How does regional instability, exemplified by Houthi insurgent activities, affect maritime traffic patterns and the operational efficiency of the Red Sea and Suez Canal? Using descriptive statistics, qualitative analysis, and geospatial methods, the research highlights recent trends in maritime traffic and incidents, revealing spatial and geopolitical challenges in this crucial trade route.Findings indicate a notable decline in maritime activity in the Gulf of Aden and Suez Canal due to security concerns from Houthi attacks, prompting a significant shift to alternative routes, particularly around the Cape of Good Hope. This shift underscores the broader implications of regional instability on global trade and the importance of maintaining uninterrupted maritime flow. The study also emphasizes the economic ramifications, such as increased operational costs and freight rates due to longer transit times and enhanced security measures.The research concludes with a call for improved maritime security protocols and international cooperation to protect these strategic maritime pathways. It contributes to the discourse on transport geography by quantifying the direct impacts of regional conflicts on maritime logistics and proposing strategies for future resilience, highlighting the interconnected nature of global trade and security and the need for collective action against evolving geopolitical challenges.

Variance-driven decomposition based on the singular spectrum analysis of the European Project for Ice Coring in Antarctica (EPICA) dD, CO2 and CH4 records allowed a novel quantitative structural interpretation of all glacial/interglacial cycles and glacial terminations of the last 800 kyr. This bottom-up approach used the response components of EPICA stacked records to reconstruct the envelope of the thermal response through a physical interference model. The aim was to improve the understanding regarding the features of intensity, amplitude, and asymmetry of 73 marine isotope stages (MIS) and seven terminations. The Antarctic stack record can be described by a variance-weighted interference model of ten thermal waves of different origins (mid-term oscillation, orbitals and suborbitals) that stochastically interfere at a given time according to their relative differences in frequency, amplitude, and polarity. Interglacial/glacial stages resulted from constructive interference and bipolar amplification of warming/cooling responses, respectively. The low intensity MISs (including 90% of substages) and the unbiased-dated terminations fell in the low interference regions where dominant destructive patterns minimise the thermal envelope. The positive skewness of the EPICA stack resulted from the constructive interference with a strong bias in the warming direction, especially after the Mid-Brunhes Event. Duration analysis of short eccentricity hemicycles exhibited an intrinsic unexpectedly prolonged mean cooling in the nominal solution (5.8 kyr) and its EPICA response as well (8.6 kyr), along with an interference-induced asymmetry (21.1 kyr). The overall effect led to the saw-tooth shape of glacial cycles which is strongly interference-induced and related to intermediate feedback mechanisms also controlled by short eccentricity.

Ammonia volatilization, which is a main way for nitrogen gaseous loss of farmland, restricts the promotion of the utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer, and contains some potential environmental risks. To investigate the general pattern of ammonia volatilization under actual paddy field conditions, researchers designed an indoor simulated system to measure the amount of ammonia volatilized within a single time period by controlling the pH and concentration of NH4+ (c(NH4+)) in the solution, the gas-liquid interfacial gas velocity, and the ambient temperature. In this paper, the influence of these factors, the synergistic effect on ammonia volatilization and their quantitative relationship were discussed. Researchers use the resolution of ammonium bicarbonate (SAB) and diammonium phosphate (SDP) for simulation experiments, and the results show that, there are significant linear relationship between amount of ammonia volatilization and c(NH4+). The correlation coefficient is between 0.9214 to 0.9897 and 0.8932 to 0.9904 for SAB and SDP, respectively. The quantitative relationship between temperature, pH and the influence factor (CIF), the initial ammonia volatilization fluxes (IAVF) was analyzed by least-squares method, and the degrees of polynomial were one and two respectively. The regression equations of the SAB and SDP among the amount of ammonia volatilization with the concentration of ammonium nitrogen, the temperature and the pH were gotten by using MATLAB. Considering the effects of temperature and pH on CIF and IAVF under individual conditions, we use binary cubic model to fit the relationship between temperature, pH to CIF and IAVF, the simulation results show that the correlation coefficients between CIF and IAVF for SAB are 0.9980 and 0.9680, however the correlation coefficients are 0.9946 and 0.9708 for SDP, respectively. The quantitative equation takes into account coefficient of determination and degrees of polynomial, and the ammonia volatilization fluxes can be calculated by using these equations.

Leveraging on the theory of social exchange theory, the current study investigated the influential role that perceived organizational support plays in understanding the relationship between organizational cynicism and organizational deviant work behaviour. Scant research has addressed contextual factors in determining organizational cynicism and its relationship to negative work outcomes such as deviant work behaviour. An interactive effect of perceived organizational support was investigated to determine if deviant individuals are more or less prone to become organizational cynics based on the presence or absence of organizational support. The study was conducted in South-Eastern Nigeria, involving 575 nurses using two-wave design. Validated self-reported measures were used to collect data for perceived organizational support, organizational cynicism and organizational workplace deviance, which were analyzed using the Hayes PROCESS Macro for SPSS model 1 version 3.00. The results revealed that organizational cynicism positively correlated with organizational workplace deviant behaviour, whereas perceived organizational support negatively correlated with workplace deviant behaviour among nurses. In addition, perceived organizational support moderated the relationship between organizational cynicism and organizational workplace deviant behaviour. The study's findings revealed the imperativeness of a supportive work environment by underscoring the importance of contextual factors like perceived organizational support in mitigating workplace deviant behaviour. By focusing on fostering a supportive environment, organizations can better manage employee attitudes and reduce deviant behaviours, which enhances overall workplace performance and culture.

The proliferation of cloud computing has given rise to challenges in security that established perimeter-based models cannot easily adapt to. The new buzzword Zero Trust, which is based on the principle of "never trust, always verify," has been looked up as one of the promising solutions. Is Zero Trust a certainty or pie in the sky for security in the cloud? This is discussed further in this paper. This philosophical approach leads us through the earlier work and scientific literature available on the subject, presenting Zero Trust's capabilities, advantages when introduced into cloud security architecture, and obstacles about its incorporation. The study finds that Zero Trust holds the potential to enhance cloud security significantly, but it is no silver bullet and demands careful implementation and further studies to understand its intricacies as well as pitfalls.

Murine xenograft models are valuable and increasingly used preclinical tools in cancer research to understand disease pathogenesis and guide treatment options. The aim of this narrative review is to summarize the studies that employed mouse xenograft models, using cell-lines, patient-derived tumors, or organoids, in endometrial cancer (EC) research, detailing their methodology and main findings. We identified 27 articles reporting on heterotopic EC xenografts, including subcutaneous, subrenal capsule, intraperitoneal, and retro-orbital models, and 18 articles using orthotopic xenografts. Subcutaneous xenografts generated using either cell-lines or patient tumors have been widely used, however, their low engraftment rates and the inability to recapitulate main clinical features such as metastases limit their translational value. Subrenal capsule models showed improved engraftment rates compared to subcutaneous models, but tumors exhibited slower and constrained tumor growth. Orthotopic models are technically more challenging to generate and monitor, but tumor growth occurs in a relevant microenvironment and EC ortho-xenografts exhibit high engraftment rates and metastases to clinically relevant sites. Cell-line based xenograft (CDXs) models are attractive tools because they are convenient, easy to use, and amenable to genetic modifications, making them suitable for proof-of-concept approaches and large-scale studies. EC xenografts developed from patient tumors (PDTXs) are more labor/cost intensive for their establishment but can capture the genetic and molecular heterogeneity within and across histologic subtypes and can inform on personalized patient treatment. EC organoid-based xenograft (PDOXs) models combine advantages of both CDXs and PDTXs since are more time and cost effective, maintain faithfully tumor characteristics and therapeutic responses, and can be genetically modified. Despite substantial progress in EC management, there are still several unmet needs. Efficient targeted treatments are currently indicated only for a small subgroup of patients, while women with recurrent or advanced stage EC have very few therapeutic options and their prognosis remains unfavorable. Novel (targeted) drugs, combinational regimens and tools to predict the real drug response in patients are urgently needed. Xenograft models are expected to inform on disease mechanisms and to help identify novel therapeutic options and the suitable target patients.

Objective: The occurrence of chylous effusion in children undergoing cardiac surgery is progressively increasing due to technical advances that have led to a rise in the number of surgeries. In this context, the objective was to describe the clinical profile of a cohort of patients at the time of chylous effusion diagnosis. Methods: A retrospective cohort analysis was conducted between January 2011 and July 2023, involving patients aged zero to 18 years, treated at a Quaternary University Hospital in southeastern Brazil. Data were obtained from the follow-up records of the Multidisciplinary Nutritional Therapy Team (MNTT) for patients who received nutritional support after developing chylous effusion in the postoperative period of cardiac surgery. Results: The younger population predominated (median age of 6 months), with a high prevalence of malnutrition (60.9%). At the time of chylous effusion diagnosis, 83% had lymphopenia, and 74% had hypoalbuminemia. The longer the time elapsed after surgery for the onset of chylous effusion, the lower the HDL cholesterol, the lower the albumin levels, the greater the surgical complexity, and the younger and lower weight the patient. Hypocalcemia occurred in nearly half of the sample, and hypophosphatemia in 26% of the analyzed cases. Conclusions: There was a notable presence of lymphopenia, hypoalbuminemia, and low HDL cholesterol, as well as a high incidence of mineral imbalances, particularly hypocalcemia and hypophosphatemia, which, if untreated, may lead to unfavorable outcomes. Therefore, clinical and laboratory monitoring of children in the postoperative period of cardiac surgery is important and can aid in the early diagnosis of chylous effusion and, consequently, in the timely initiation of treatment.

Pipe-type cable systems, including high-pressure fluid-filled (HPFF) and high-pressure gas-filled (HPGF) cables, are widely used for underground high-voltage transmission. These systems consist of insulated conductor cables within steel pipes, filled with pressurized fluids or gases for insulation and cooling. Despite their reliability, faults can occur due to insulation degradation, thermal expansion, and environmental factors. As many circuits exceed their 40-year design life, efficient fault localization becomes crucial. Fault location involves pre-location and pinpointing. Therefore, a novel fully pinpointing approach for pipe-type cable systems is proposed, utilizing accelerometers mounted on the steel pipe to capture fault-induced acoustic signals and employing a time difference of arrival (TDOA) method to accurately pinpoint the location of the fault. Experimental investigations utilized a scaled-down HPFF pipe-type cable system model, featuring a carbon steel pipe, high-frequency accelerometers, and both mechanical and capacitive discharge methods for generating acoustic pulses. Tests evaluated propagation velocity, attenuation, and pinpointing accuracy with the pipe in various embedment conditions. Results demonstrated accurate fault pinpointing within centimeters, even in fully embedded pipes, with acoustic pulse velocities close to theoretical values. These findings highlight the potential of the novel acoustic pinpointing technique presented in this study to improve fault localization in underground systems, enhance grid reliability, and reduce outage. Further research is recommended to validate this technique on full-scale systems.

Native garden plants significantly contribute to the conservation of biodiversity and ecosystem functions in urban environments. This study aimed to identify the physiochemical differences among native grasses subjected to drought and salinity stress and to assess their potential as garden plants adaptable to outdoor conditions and global climate change. Physiological parameters, such as photosynthetic rate, water use efficiency, and chlorophyll and carotenoid contents, decreased in Melica grandiflora and Carex forficula with increasing drought or salinity. In contrast, Carex boottiana maintained high water use efficiency and stable chlorophyll and carotenoid levels even under se-vere drought and salinity conditions. Biochemical analyses showed that C. boottiana had lower levels of malondialdehyde and reactive oxygen species (including O2.- and H2O2) than those in the other species under stress conditions. Principal component analysis revealed clear differences in tolerance levels among the grass species. C. boottiana demonstrated high adaptability to both drought and salinity stress, indicating its potential as a sustainable and resilient garden material for urban landscapes facing severe climatic challenges.

The conventional hydraulic system of excavators suffers from significant valve throttling losses and inadequate matching between the hydraulic power source and the load, which substantially impacts the overall energy consumption of the system and severely impedes the trends toward electrification and energy efficiency in construction machinery. To address this issue, a pump-controlled hydraulic cylinder system has been implemented to replace the original valve-controlled hydraulic system that utilizes a single pump with multiple actuators. Focusing on a specific model of electric-driven excavator arm as the research subject, we completed parameter matching design for the pump-controlled hydraulic cylinder system. Based on typical operating conditions of the boom, experimental results revealed how energy conversion efficiency and hydraulic pump speed are influenced by varying load power.Furthermore, control over hydraulic cylinder position was achieved by adjusting pump displacement. A combined control strategy involving both displacement adjustment and motor speed modulation to align with load power is applied within this boom's pump-controlled hydraulic cylinder system. Research findings indicate that this combined control approach enhances efficiency by approximately 18.9% compared to traditional variable speed pump-controlled hydraulic cylinder system, while the energy consumption is reduced by about 39% compared with the traditional valve-controlled hydraulic system. under the hydraulic pump pressure of p=16 MPa and a working flow demand of Q=85 L/min, the efficiency of the hydraulic pump increases first and then decreases, that is, the efficiency spaceΔη=26.7% can be improved in the speed range.This study holds both theoretical and practical significance for enhancing energy utilization efficiency across entire excavator systems as well as optimizing their configurations.

The functionalization of GO nanomaterials with polyethylene glycol (PEG) polymers has been the most common method to ameliorate stability in physiological media and increase biocompatibility. In this work, carboxylated GO (CGO) was functionalized with PEG polymers of different molecular weight (MW) and structure and loaded with the anticancer drug paclitaxel (PCT). An increase in the MW of linear PEG from 2 to 20 kDA decreased the size and tended to increase the ζ-potential of the pegylated CGO nanoparticles (nCGO-PEG) and a branched (4 arm) PEG(10 kDa) provided nanoparticles with significantly lower size and higher ζ-potential compared to a linear PEG(10 kDa). All nCGO-PEG nanoparticle types exhibited good colloidal stability on storage and in PBS and cell culture medium with the exception of the nCGO-PEG functionalized with the relatively low MW PEG of 2 kDa. PCT loading efficiency fell when the MW of PEG was increased or a branched PEG was used. Pegylation decreased significantly the hemolytic potential of nCGO-PEG nanoparticles. Increased PCT release rate was observed at acidic pH 6.0 compared to physiological pH 7.4 for all PCT/nCGO-PEG formulations. Higher cytotoxicity and apoptotic activity of the nanocarrier-entrapped PCT compared to free PCT against the lung adenocarcinoma A549 cell line at longer incubation times was found as at these longer incubation times a high cellular uptake of the PCT/nCGO-PEG nanoparticles were observed. The results justify further investigation of the potential of PCT/nCGO-PEG as antitumor nanomedicine.

The global burden of drug-resistant tuberculosis (DR-TB) continues to challenge healthcare systems worldwide. There is a critical need to tackle DR-TB by enhancing diagnostics and drug susceptibility testing (DST) capabilities, particularly for emerging DR-TB drugs. This endeavor is crucial to optimize the efficacy of new therapeutic regimens and prevent the resistance and overuse of these invaluable weapons. Despite this urgency, there remains a lack of comprehensive review on public health measures aimed at improving the diagnostics and DST capabilities. In this review, we outline strategies to enhance the capabilities especially tailored to address the challenges posed by resistance to new DR-TB drugs. We discuss the current landscape of DR-TB drugs, existing diagnostic and susceptibility testing methods, notable gaps and challenges in these methods, and explore strategies for ensuring fair access to DST while narrowing these disparities. The strategies include public health interventions aimed at strengthening laboratory infrastructure, workforce training, and quality assurance programs, technology transfer initiatives, involving drug developers in the DST development, establishing national or regional referral hubs, fostering collaboration and resources pooling with other infection control efforts, extending testing access in underserved areas through public-private partnerships, advocating for lowering costs or loans at low-interest, remote technical support, and implementing mandatory molecular surveillance monitoring. This review underscores the urgent need to enhance DST capacities for new DR-TB drugs and identifies opportunities for innovation and improvement. Assessing the extent of the global health impact of these measures is crucial to ensure their effectiveness in combating DR-TB.

Ship hull is a complex design where various types of complex loading conditions , like as Hydrostatic, Hydrodynamic, Wind, Wave and external internal bending forces. Ensuring structural integrity under these varying loads is essential for the ship structural safety and environmental protection. This review discusses the application of finite element methods(FEM) for the safety of ship hulls and analysis of ship hulls , emphasizing two significant studies that leverage ANSYS SOFTWARE to evaluate stress concentrations and deformation of hull under the various loading operation including the wave and wind forces and the stress. The findings Underscore the importance of analyzing both local and global aspects of ship structures to improve design practices and enhance safety standards. In this paper we mostly focused on a general cargo ships hull structure, Grounding of a ship.

The use of mindfulness techniques as a cutting-edge tactic to reduce catastrophic risk in the chemical sector is examined in this study. Constructed from fundamental design principles and conventional safety measures, mindfulness provides an additional method for addressing the behavioural and cognitive aspects of risk management. The study looks at the safety paradigms' development, the historical background of significant industrial accidents, and the theoretical foundations of mindfulness in high-reliability businesses. Through the promotion of increased consciousness, better judgement, and better communication, mindfulness has the potential to build a safer culture that is more resilient. The study investigates practical implementation challenges and the measurable outcomes of mindfulness-based interventions in high-risk industrial settings. This multidisciplinary study adds to the continuing conversation about industrial safety by offering insightful information to safety experts, business executives, and legislators. The necessity for additional empirical research to measure the effectiveness of mindfulness therapies in various chemical industry situations is emphasised in the paper's conclusion.

Welding spot defect detection using deep learning methods provides an effective way of body-in-white quality monitoring. Based on the existing Faster R-CNN model, this paper proposed an improved faster R-CNN model for resistance welding spot surface defect inspection to improve inspection efficiency and accuracy. The model contains the following improvements. Firstly, the improved algorithm uses anchor box with higher confidence output by the RPN network to locate welding spots. When a defect is detected and the detection system is in a suspended state, the Fast R-CNN network is used to confirm the defect category and details. Secondly, a new pruning model is proposed to replace the entire backbone neural network, which unnecessary convolutional layers and connection layers are deleted, and some parameters of each hidden layer are further reduced. On the premise of ensuring detection accuracy, the parameter quantity is extremely reduced, and the speed is improved. Experiments show that the model proposed in this paper took about 15ms for one single image test, and both the detection accuracy and recall rate reached over 90% according to the test on our dataset. This deep learning model meets the requirements of welding spot defect detection.

The endocannabinoid signalling system (ECS) plays a critical role from the very beginning of embryogenesis. Accordingly, the ECS is engaged early-on in nervous system development, starting from neurulation, supported by the identification of ECS components - both receptors and enzymes controlling endocannabinoid metabolism – at these early stages. In particular, regarding the brain, the ECS is involved in the tightly regulated sequence of events that comprise brain development, from neurogenesis to neuronal migration, morphological guidance for neuronal connectivity, and synaptic circuitry refinement. The importance of this broad role of the ECS across various brain development processes is further underscored by the growing understanding of the consequences of cannabis exposure at different developmental stages. Despite the considerable knowledge we have on the role of the ECS in brain development, significant gaps in our understanding remain, particularly regarding the long-term impact and underlying mechanisms of cannabis exposure at different developmental stages. This review provides an overview of the current state of knowledge on the role of the ECS throughout brain development, from embryogenesis to adulthood, and discusses the impact of cannabis exposure, especially during adolescence—a critical period of circuitry maturation and refinement coinciding with an increased risk of cannabis use.

Since 1990s, Petri nets have been used in systems biology for quantitative modeling. Despite the increasing number of models developed during this period, doubts remain about their biological relevance. Although biological systems predominantly exhibit intracellular or cellular structures, the models rely largely on deterministic predictions, failing to capture the inherent randomness and uncertainties of such systems. The question arises whether these models accurately describe the dynamic behavior of biological systems. This paper introduces a methodology for selecting the appropriate modeling paradigms in systems biology. Initially, we construct a Petri net model and perform deterministic, stochastic, and fuzzy stochastic simulations. Then we perform various statistical tests to measure the discrepancies between the simulation results. Based on scale-density analysis, we determine the modeling approach that best approximates the biological system. Finally, we compare the results of the statistical tests and the scale-density analysis to identify the optimal modeling approach. We applied the proposed methodology to the synthesis of spinal motor neuron protein from the spinal motor neuron-2 gene. Analysis revealed significant discrepancies between the simulation results of different modeling paradigms. Due to the sparse nature of the underlying drug-disease network, we conclude that the fuzzy stochastic paradigm provides the most biologically relevant results. We predict drug combinations that could lead to an up to 149-fold increase in spinal motor neuron protein levels, indicating a promising treatment for the disease. This methodology has potential for application to other gene-drug-disease networks and broader biological systems.

Objective: To explore the application effect of a bimodal collaborative nursing model in patients undergoing gastric cancer surgery with concurrent inguinal hernia repair. Methods: Sixty patients with gastric cancer and concurrent inguinal hernia who were admitted to our hospital between August 2019 and August 2021 were selected as the study subjects. Based on the different nursing approaches, all patients were divided into a control group and an observation group, with 30 patients in each group. The control group received conventional nursing care, while the observation group received the bimodal collaborative nursing model in addition to conventional care. The postoperative recovery, psychological status, and quality of life of the two groups of patients were compared. Results: The postoperative recovery of the observation group was superior to that of the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). The anxiety and depression scores of the observation group were lower than those of the control group, with statistically significant differences (P < 0.05). The quality of life score of the observation group was higher than that of the control group, with statistically significant differences (P < 0.05). Conclusion: The application of a bimodal collaborative nursing model in gastric cancer surgery with concurrent inguinal hernia repair is effective. It not only promotes postoperative physical recovery and improves the psychological well-being of patients but also enhances their quality of life. It is worthy of clinical promotion and application.

The adoption of enterprise social platforms (ESPs) has become increasingly important for small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) seeking to enhance communication, collaboration, and knowledge sharing in the digital economy. As digital transformation progresses, the role of ESPs in improving operational efficiency and long-term business performance warrants comprehensive evaluation. This systematic review aims to assess the impact of leading ESPs on SME performance, focusing on their capabilities to improve communication efficiency, interdepartmental collaboration, and cost-effectiveness while highlighting emerging trends such as automation and AI integration. A PRISMA-guided systematic review was conducted, analyzing 18 peer-reviewed studies published between 2014 and 2024. Inclusion criteria comprised English-language publications examining ESP adoption in SMEs, focusing on ESP features and their effects on operational and strategic outcomes. Quantitative analysis of the selected studies revealed that ESPs improve communication efficiency by 20% and enhance interdepartmental collaboration by 25%. While initial implementation costs pose challenges, ESPs contribute to a 15% reduction in operational costs over time. Additionally, trends in automation and AI integration suggest further potential for operational enhancements. The findings indicate that ESPs significantly enhance SMEs' competitiveness and sustainability, offering both immediate operational improvements and long-term strategic growth. Business leaders are encouraged to adopt ESPs to foster agility and innovation while ensuring robust data security measures.

Background: We previously demonstrated that sleep apnea (SA) can be detected using acceleration and gyroscope signals from an inertial measurement unit (IMU) embedded in a wristwatch device. This study aimed to explore whether an IMU embedded in non-wristwatch devices, such as smartphones, can also be used to detect SA, when worn during sleep. Methods: During polysomnography (PSG) examinations, patients wore an IMU-embedded GPS device (Amue Link®) and/or smartphones (Xperia® or iPhone®) on their abdomen. Triaxial acceleration and gyroscope signals from the IMU of each device were recorded overnight. The data were divided into training and test groups in a 2:1 ratio. An algorithm to extract respiratory movements (0.13-0.70 Hz) and detect respiratory events was developed using the training group and its performance was validated in the test group. Results: The estimated respiratory event frequency from the IMU signals of Amue Link, Xperia, and iPhone correlated with the PSG apnea-hypopnea index (AHI), with correlation coefficients of 0.90, 0.93, and 0.96, respectively, in the test group. Using cutoff values derived from the training groups, moderate-to-severe SA (AHI ≥15) was identified with areas under the receiver-operating characteristic curve of 0.95, 0.98, and 0.94, and accuracies of 87%, 94%, and 92%, respectively, in the test groups. Conclusions: SA can be quantitatively detected by IMUs embedded in non-wristwatch devices, including smartphones, when worn during sleep.

Background: Osteoarthritis (OA) is a common health condition that often requires procedures like total hip arthroplasty (THA). Rehabilitation plays a crucial role in managing OA, especially in supporting recovery and improving outcomes following THA. Given the rising demand for THA and the significant impact of OA on mobility and quality of life, effective rehabilitation strategies are essential. This study investigates the impact of virtual reality (VR) therapy on the psychological and functional outcomes of female patients undergoing rehabilitation post-THA. Methods: This pilot randomized controlled trial was conducted with 24 female patients aged 60 and older. Participants were randomized into two groups: a control group receiving 4-week standard rehabilitation and an experimental group receiving standard rehabilitation plus VR therapy. Psychological and functional statuses were assessed using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), Perception of Stress Questionnaire (PSQ), and various functional tests before and after the intervention. Results: The experimental group showed significant improvements in psychological outcomes, with a 53% reduction in overall HADS scores and a 43% reduction in PSQ scores. Functional improvements were also observed, with significant increases in Tinetti Test, Barthel Index, and Rivermead Motor Assessment scores. In contrast, the control group showed no significant changes in psychological parameters and less pronounced functional improvements. Conclusions: VR therapy effectively enhances psychological well-being and functional recovery in women undergoing rehabilitation post-THA. These findings suggest that integrating VR therapy into standard rehabilitation protocols could improve outcomes and should be considered in future rehabilitation strategies.

Background: There is a notable lack of protocols addressing extubation techniques in transoral robotic surgery (TORS) for obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). Methods. This retrospective cohort study enrolled patients who underwent TORS for OSA between March 2015 and December 2021 and were managed with different extubation approaches. The patients were divided into two groups: high-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) therapy and conventional oxygen therapy. The use of an airway exchange catheter (AEC) was investigated. Results: The only application of HFNC use versus conventional oxygen therapy led to a statistical reduction of extubation time (p=0.024); length of stay in the intensive care unit (ICU) and the episodes of desaturation below 95% were reduced, but data are non-statically significant. Similarly, the application of an AEC led to a reduction of extubation time in hours (p=0.008) and length of stay in the ICU (p=0.024). Conclusions: In patients with OSA who underwent TORS, the use of HFNC, with or without an AEC, resulted in a significant reduction in extubation time without major adverse events. Additionally, HFNC utilization may decrease desaturation episodes during extubation. Based on the findings of this preliminary investigation, the combination of HFNC and AEC emerges as a promising strategy for enhancing the safety and efficacy of extubation protocols in this patient population.

Objective: Ensuring bone health is crucial for preventing conditions such as osteoporosis and fractures. Zingerone, a phytochemical compound, has gained attention for its potential benefits in bone health. This study evaluated the osteoprotective potential of zingerone and its effects on differentiation and signalling pathways in vitro using SAOS-2 osteosarcoma and RAW264.7 macrophage cell lines, aiming to elucidate its mechanism of action in bone metabolism. Methods: SAOS-2 osteosarcoma and RAW264.7 macrophage cells were treated with zingerone at concentrations of 0.1-200µM. Osteoblast differentiation was assessed by alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, bone mineralisation via alizarin red S stain and gene expression markers (ALP, runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2) and osteocalcin) via quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Osteoclast differentiation was evaluated by tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) staining, TRAP activity and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways. Results: Zingerone at 200µM, did not significantly enhance mineralization in SAOS-2 cells, but upregulated ALP and Runx2 gene expression (p<0.05). Moreover, zingerone significantly inhibited osteoclast differentiation in RAW264.7 cells as evidenced by reduced TRAP staining and activity (p<0.05). Conclusion: The moderate anti-osteoclastic effects of zingerone suggest its potential role in preserving bone mass by reducing bone resorption. This study provides new insights into how zingerone modulates bone cell activity, highlighting its potential as a dietary supplement for bone health. Further research, including its underlying mechanisms for bone-related disorders and in vivo and clinical studies, is needed to fully understand its clinical relevance in bone-related disorders.

Green marketing has emerged as an integral strategy in promoting sustainability across various industries, particularly in response to heightened environmental concerns and consumer demands for eco-friendly products. This paper critically reviews the concept of green marketing from environmental, consumer, corporate, and regulatory perspectives, highlighting both its opportunities and challenges. From the environmental standpoint, green marketing aims to mitigate the negative impacts of industrial activities by promoting products that are less harmful to the environment. On the consumer side, increasing environmental awareness drives demand for sustainable products, though challenges such as greenwashing often undermine consumer trust. Corporately, green marketing offers opportunities for enhancing brand image and competitiveness, though balancing profitability and sustainability goals remains a challenge for businesses. Regulatory frameworks play a crucial role in shaping green marketing practices, ensuring transparency and accountability, and preventing deceptive practices like greenwashing. The paper also discusses emerging trends such as digital transparency, the role of social media in green marketing, and the incorporation of circular economy principles into corporate strategies. The review concludes with recommendations for businesses to enhance their green marketing efforts, emphasizing the need for transparency, stakeholder collaboration, and interdisciplinary approaches to address complex sustainability challenges.

This research presents a comparative analysis of various deep learning models—including Recurrent Neural Networks (RNN), Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM), Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN), Gated Recurrent Units (GRU), and Attention LSTM—in predicting stock prices of major companies in the Indian stock market, specifically HDFC, TCS, ICICI, Reliance, and Nifty. The study evaluates model performance using key regression metrics such as Mean Absolute Error (MAE), Mean Squared Error (MSE), and R-Squared (R²). The results indicate that CNN and GRU models generally outperform the others, depending on the specific stock, and demonstrate superior capabilities in forecasting stock price movements. This investigation provides insights into the strengths and limitations of each model while highlighting potential avenues for improvement through feature engineering and hyperparameter optimization.

Predicting patient readmission is an important task for healthcare risk management, as it can help prevent adverse events, reduce costs, and improve patient outcomes. In this paper, we compare various conventional machine learning models on a multimodal dataset of electronic discharge records from an Irish acute hospital. We \khoi{evaluate the effectiveness of several widely-used Machine Learning models} that leverage patient demographics, historical hospitalization records, and clinical diagnoses codes, to forecast future clinical risks. \khoi{Our work focuses on addressing two key challenges in the medical fields: data imbalance and the variety of data types in order to boost the performance of Machine Learning algorithms. Through extensive benchmarking and the application of a variety of feature engineering techniques, we successfully improved the Area Under the Curve (AUROC) score from 0.628 to 0.7 across our models on the test dataset}. Furthermore, we also employ \khoiz{Shapley Additive Explanations (SHAP)} value visualization to\reviewertwo{v In the abstract line 6 SHAP is mentioned in initials should be written in details: SHAP (SHapley Additive exPlanations).} interpret the model predictions and identify both the key data features and disease codes associated to readmission risks, identifying a specific set of diagnoses codes that are significant predictors of readmission within 30 days. Our study demonstrates how we effectively utilize the routinely collected hospital data to forecast patient readmission through the use of conventional machine learning while applying explainable AI techniques to explore the correlation between data features and patient readmission rate.

Background/objective: A retrospective study was conducted to access better understanding of the prevalence and risk factors of OIs in HIV-positive individuals, informing targeted interventions and enhancing overall health outcomes. Methods: Medical records 212 of patients (61.79% female, 38.21% male) were accessed to extract relevant information for the study. Fisher’s exact test revealed significant associations between gender, substance abuse, healthy diet practices, and having single or multiple partners with the development of opportunistic infections. Results: A total of 212 HIV-positive patients were enrolled, with a majority being female (61.79%) and adults aged between 25 and 65 years (68.87%). Most participants were single (83.02%), unemployed (66.9%), and had a history of substance abuse (61.79%). The prevalence of opportunistic infections was 15.09%, with pulmonary tuberculosis being the most common (75%), followed by extrapulmonary tuberculosis (18.75%) and herpes zoster (6.25%). Females were less likely to develop opportunistic infections compared to males (OR=0.26; 95% CI: 0.12 to 0.57; p=0.0007). Patients not using substances were less likely to develop opportunistic infections (OR=0.32; 95% CI: 0.13 to 0.82; p=0.0170). Those with unhealthy diet practices were significantly more likely to develop opportunistic infections (OR=8.46; 95% CI: 3.56 to 20.53; p

The ODS demonstrated the optimal structural response, showcasing equal storey drift compared to the EFS, while emitting 38% less pollution. Furthermore, it only induced approximately 5% more pollution than the system with the lowest contamination levels (OFS). This study concludes that earthquake-resistant design has a direct impact on CO2 emissions in the environment. An effective earthquake-resistant response could have lower levels of pollution; therefore, a balance could be achieved between a good structural response with a reduced environmental impact.

Despite the widespread application of antiandrogenic fluorescent dye synthetic coumarins in both industrial and consumer products, little is known about their occurrence in the aquatic ecosystem. In this study, concentrations of two synthetic coumarins, namely 7-(dimethylamino)-4-methylcoumarin (DACM) and 7-diethylamino-4-methylcoumarin (R-ADMC), were determined in abiotic (water, sediment) and biotic (plant, plankton and fish) samples (n=208) collected from a subtropical freshwater ecosystem, Dongjiang River basin, in southern China. DACM was the predominant compound found in the sediment, plant, algae, zooplankton, and fish muscle samples, with median concentrations at 0.189, 0.421, 0.832, 0.798, and 0.335 ng/g dry wt., respectively, although it was not detected in any surface water sample. For R-ADMC, the median concentrations observed in the surface water, sediment, plant, algae, zooplankton, and fish muscle samples were 0.105 ng/L, 0.012, 0.051, 0.009, 0.008, and 0.181 ng/g, dry wt., respectively. The bioaccumulation factor (BAF) values of DACM and R-ADMC in the algae, zooplankton and fish muscle exceeded 5000 L/kg, suggesting that the two coumarins may have significant bioaccumulation potentials in aquatic biota. Additionally, the mean daily intake (EDI) of coumarins through fish consumption was estimated as 0.27 ng/kg bw/day for toddlers in urban. This is the first field study to document widespread occurrence of the synthetic coumarins in aquatic ecosystems and to elucidate bioaccumulation potential of coumarins in aquatic organisms.

Seafood is a vital source of nutrients, and its consumption has grown globally. Shellfish is a major cause of food allergy and anaphylaxis worldwide, affecting an estimated 0.5-2.5% of the general population. Most basic and clinical research has traditionally focused on crustaceans, leaving the characteristics of mollusk allergy poorly understood. In the Canary Islands, limpets (sea gastropod) are commonly consumed as part of the local cuisine. While some cases of limpet allergy have been reported, there are no published studies featuring large series or detailed clinical analyses of this specific food allergy. A cohort of patients with sensitization to limpet were studied: 66 were monosensitized to limpets (group A), while 64 were also sensitized to other shellfish (group B). Limpet ingestion caused delayed and severe symptoms. In group A, only 11,5% of patients showed positive shellfish allergen detection, compared to 67,9% in group B. The presence of protein bands in the 25-40 and 50-200 kDa range in monosensitized patients distinguishes our study from another researchs. Our study presents the largest reported series of patients with limpet allergy to date. The aim is to analyze the clinical and immunological characteristics of a local sample of limpet-allergic patients, contributing to a better understanding of this emerging condition.

Glucocorticoids (GC) are widely used in the treatment of hematological malignancies; however, the long-term treatment lead to atrophic and metabolic adverse effects. Selective glucocorticoid receptor agonists (SEGRA) with reduced side effects could be the better GC alternative. More than 30 SEGRA were described but none of them reached clinical trials as anticancer treatment. In the present work, we proposed the novel approach to broaden the list of potential SEGRA by synthesis of derivatives of synephrine, the molecule of natural origin. We synthesized 26 compounds from the class of synephrine derivatives, and studied their anticancer effect in vitro in leukemia and lymphoma cells with MTT assay as well as their potential affinity to glucocorticoid receptor (GR) in silico using molecular docking approach. Novel derivative 1-[4-(benzyloxy)phenyl]-2-(hexylamino)ethanol (10S-E2) with the highest GR affinity in silico revealed the micromolar range cytotoxicity in lymphoma and leukemia cells after 24 h of treatment. The other compound, 2-(hexylamino)-1-(4-nitrophenyl)ethanol (13S-G2) with high GR affinity demonstrated cytotoxicity in the range of 50-70 µM. Overall, our results provide the rationale for the development and further investigation of synephrine derivatives as SEGRA with anticancer activity.

Urban heat islands and rising global temperatures are increasing the need for passive cooling solutions in densely populated areas. This study examines the effectiveness of heat-reflective paint in reducing surface and indoor temperatures in a 33-year-old apartment complex in Gumi City, South Korea. Using mock structures to simulate real building conditions, the experiment measured surface and indoor temperatures in both treated and untreated groups. Data collected from thermal imaging cameras and data loggers demonstrated significant temperature reductions on the treated walls, with surface temperatures lowering by 2.2°C to 4.3°C on average, and peak reductions of up to 15.3°C. Internally, the treated structures showed temperature reductions between 2.1°C and 4.1°C, with the largest difference observed during peak heat hours at 4.14°C. The results highlight the effectiveness of heat-reflective paint in mitigating heat stress and improving indoor thermal comfort, particularly in regions with high solar exposure. Importantly, this study aims to benefit vulnerable populations, such as the elderly and economically disadvantaged residents, by providing a cost-effective, sustainable solution to reduce heat exposure in aging urban buildings, thereby enhancing their quality of life.

Background: Osteoporosis, a prevalent metabolic bone disorder, is characterized by reduced bone density and increased fracture risk. The pathogenesis of osteoporosis is closely associated with an imbalance in bone remodeling, where the resorption function of osteoclasts exceeds the formation function of osteoblasts. Hypoxia has been implicated in the promotion of osteoclast differentiation and the subsequent development of osteoporosis. The ubiquitin proteasome system (UPS) and its regulatory enzymes, deubiquitinating enzymes (DUBs), play a significant role in bone homeostasis. In this study, we investigated the contribution and mechanism of USP18, a DUB, in osteoclast differentiation under hypoxic conditions. Methods: BMDMs and RAW264.7 cells were treated with RANKL to induce osteoclastogenesis and were subjected to overexpression or knockdown of USP18 under normoxic or hypoxia conditions. Osteoclast formation was assessed using TRAP staining, and the expression of osteoclast marker genes was determined by qRT-PCR. The activation of the NF-κB signaling pathway was evaluated by immunoblotting. Results: We found that hypoxia significantly enhanced the differentiation of BMDMs and RAW264.7 cells into osteoclasts, accompanied by a notable downregulation of USP18 expression. Overexpression of USP18 inhibited RANKL-induced osteoclast differentiation, while knockdown of USP18 promoted that process, unveiling the inhibitory effect of USP18 in osteoclastogenesis. Furthermore, overexpression USP18 rescued the hypoxia-induced increase in osteoclast differentiation. Mechanistic insights revealed that USP18 inhibits osteoclastogenesis by suppressing the NF-κB signaling pathway, with a potential target on TAK1 or its upstream molecules. Conclusion: Our study indicates that hypoxia promotes osteoclast differentiation through the downregulation of USP18, which in turn relieves the suppression on the activation of NF-κB signaling pathway. The USP18 emerges as a potential therapeutic target for osteoporosis treatment, highlighting the importance of the hypoxia-DUBs axis in the pathogenesis of the disease.

COVID-19 is caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) associated with inflammatory process activation. Among the elements involved in the inflammatory process are leukocytes and cytokine production. Various studies have determined the importance of the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) in different inflammatory processes. C-reactive protein (CRP) is involved in several infectious processes as a marker of inflammation. This study aims to determine the values of NLR and CRP in COVID-19 patients and controls and to determine these values in COVID-19 survivors and deceased patients. Overall, during COVID-19, lymphocyte counts, NLR, and CRP values were significantly increased.Furthermore, it was observed that during the disease, there were more positive correlations between the different inflammatory parameters studied than between the controls. The results show that surviving patients had increased lymphocyte counts and CRP content compared to deceased patients; however, the latter presented the highest NLR values and the lowest lymphocyte values, establishing a prognostic value of severe evolution. The number of significant correlations observed in surviving and deceased patients was similar. This study suggests the importance of leukocytes and CRP in COVID-19 and a possible predictive value for the severe evolution of NLR in the disease.

The idea of varying constants of nature is very old, and has commanded a lot of attention 1 since first mooted. The variation of the gravitational parameter G and cosmological parameter Λ is still an active area of research. Since the idea of a varying G was introduced by Dirac almost a century ago, there are even theories that have variable G such as Brans-Dicke theory and the scale covariant theory. Both these theories also have a varying Λ in their full generalisations. A varying Λ was also introduced around the same time as that of varying G. It is interesting to note that a possible solution to the cosmological constant problem can be realised from a dynamic Λ. In this work, we focus on a varying Λ and G framework. In almost all studies in the simplest framework of variable Λ and G, it is found that one of them has to increase with time. However, observations and theoretical considerations indicate that both Λ and G should decrease with time. In this paper, we propose a solution to this problem, finding theories in which both Λ and G decrease with time.

Background/Objectives: Radical cystectomy (RC) represents one of the most complex and morbid surgical procedures in Urology. Extraperitoneal open RC has emerged as an alternative to traditional transperitoneal approach for the treatment of muscle-invasive bladder cancer. Frailty is one of the most important risk factors for perioperative morbidity and mortality and this category of patients can benefit the most with the extraperitoneal approach. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the feasibility and the safety of extraperitoneal open RC in our experience; Methods: We retrospectively collected the data of 75 frail patients who underwent extraperitoneal open RC, performed by a single experienced surgeon. We assessed the frailty status using the simplified frailty index (sFI). We recorded data regarding general characteristics, intraoperative, pathological, postoperative complications and mortality (within 90 days); Results: We analyzed 61 men and 14 females with sFI equal or higher than 3. The median age was 77 years. Fifty-one patients had ASA score of 3 or more. Sixty procedures were with radical intention, while fifteen were palliative. Cutaneous ureterostomy was performed in 70 cases and extraperitonized ileal conduit in five cases. The median operative time was 150 minutes. The median blood loss was 400 mL. The median time up to flatus was 2 days. The median postoperative stay was 7 days. Thirteen patients had Clavien-Dindo 3 or 4 complications. Two patients died in first 90 days postoperatively; Conclusions: The extraperitoneal open RC in frail patients demonstrated to be a feasible and safe alternative approach in definitive or palliative setting in our experience.

This study aimed to determine the correlation between inter-limb asymmetries and physical per-formance metrics in adolescent female tennis players. Methods: Twenty-five female tennis players (age: 13.29 ± 0.98 years; weight: 52.52 ± 7.31 kg; height: 162.91 ± 6.02 cm) consented to participate in the study. Performance was evaluated using various variables, including bilateral and unilat-eral countermovement jump (CMJ), bilateral and unilateral horizontal jump (HJ), 180º change of direction (180COD) conducted with both the right and left legs, and a 20-m sprint. The systematic bias was evaluated by one-way repeated measures analysis of variance, Pearson’s correlation test for relationships between variables, and the kappa coefficient for consistency in the asymmetry direction. Results Significant relationships were found between CMJ Asymmetry and the varia-bles HJR (r=-0.47) and HJL (r=-0.44). In addition, significant relationships were found between HJ Asymmetry and the variables CMJR (r=-0.60) and CMJL (r=-0.54), HJR (r=-0.64), HJL (r=-0.67), CMJ (r=-0.55) and HJ (r=-0.52). Conclusion Jumping tests are important indicators of performance loss in female tennis players. In addition, no significant correlation was found be-tween the 180COD and performance tests, suggesting that asymmetries in COD do not affect jump performance or speed. Based on these results, it is recommended to integrate individualized pro-grams for each athlete to reduce asymmetries.

Background: Gallstones represent a common gastrointestinal disorder, affecting approximately 10-20% of the global population. Oxidative stress plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of gallstones; however, there remains a lack of effective clinical indicators to predict their formation. This study addresses this gap by investigating the relationship between oxidative balance score (OBS) and the incidence of gallstones and gallbladder surgery, utilizing data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) from 2017 to 2020. Methods: This study investigated the association between OBS and the occurrence of gallstones and gallbladder surgery by analyzing data from NHANES for the period 2017–2020, adjusting for potential confounders such as age, sex, race, and comorbidities. Various statistical analyses were applied, including multivariate logistic regression, subgroup analyses, and smoothed curve-fitting models.Results: The results revealed a significant negative correlation between OBS and the risks of both gallstones and gallbladder surgery, with each one-unit increase in OBS associated with a 2.6% reduction in gallstone risk (OR=0.974, 95% CI: 0.958-0.990) and a 3.3% reduction in the risk of gallbladder surgery (OR=0.967, 95% CI: 0.950-0.983). Subgroup analyses confirmed the consistency of these associations across various demographic and health-related factors. Furthermore, a dose-response relationship was observed between higher OBS and a reduced risk of gallbladder surgery.Conclusions: This study demonstrates that a higher OBS is associated with a lower incidence of gallstones and reduced rates of gallbladder surgery, offering new insights into the link between oxidative stress levels and gallstone formation as well as surgical intervention. The findings underscore the potential of OBS as a valuable tool for identifying at-risk populations and informing personalized prevention strategies for gallstone disease.

Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) injuries rank among the most prevalent and severe types of injuries, significantly impacting both athletes and non-athletes alike. These injuries not only result in immediate physical impairment, such as intense pain, substantial swelling, and a marked loss of mobility, but also carry long-term health consequences that can alter a person's quality of life. Chronic pain, persistent instability, and an increased risk of developing osteoarthritis are among the lasting effects that can follow an ACL injury. An in-depth understanding of the biophysics behind ACL injuries is paramount for devising effective prevention and treatment protocols. Biophysics, which combines principles from physics with biological systems, provides crucial insights into the mechanical and structural integrity of the ACL and its susceptibility to injury under various conditions. This systematic review aims to collate and synthesize the current knowledge surrounding the biophysical mechanisms that underlie ACL injuries. The review encompasses a range of factors, including the biomechanical forces that place stress on the ligament, anatomical structures that may predispose individuals to injury, and physiological conditions that affect ligament health and resilience. Each of these factors plays a crucial role in the incidence and severity of ACL injuries. Biomechanical forces, for example, can involve sudden changes in direction or impact during physical activity, leading to excessive stress on the ACL. Anatomical factors might include variations in bone structure or ligament alignment that inherently increase the risk of injury. Additionally, physiological conditions such as muscle strength, flexibility, and overall ligament health can influence the likelihood and extent of an ACL injury. The findings of this review underscore the necessity of adopting integrated approaches in both injury prevention and rehabilitation. Such approaches must consider the multifaceted nature of ACL injuries, involving not only mechanical and anatomical aspects but also physiological and possibly even genetic factors. By emphasizing a multi-faceted understanding, interventions can be more effectively tailored to address the complex interplay of elements that contribute to ACL injuries. This holistic approach can lead to better outcomes for those at risk of or recovering from ACL injuries, enhancing the efficacy of prevention strategies and rehabilitation protocols.

Background: The delta neutrophil index (DNI) represents the immature granulocyte fraction and is determined by subtracting the fraction of mature polymorphonuclear leucocytes from the sum of myeloperoxidase-reactive cells. The DNI has been proposed as a useful prognostic marker of sepsis. This study evaluated the clinical utility of DNI as a predictive marker in patients with pneumonia-induced sepsis in the intensive care unit (ICU). Methods: We conducted a retrospective study of pneumonia-induced sepsis in patients who were admitted to the Kangdong Sacred Heart Hospital’s medical ICUs from. The DNI was measured on three consecutive days after ICU admission. The primary outcome of this study was the 28-day mortality. Results: A total of 227 patients with pneumonia-induced sepsis were included in this study. The 28-day mortality was 20.3% in our study. In univariate analysis, age (p=0.05), DNI 1 (p =0.01), DNI 2(p=0.00), DNI 3(p=0.00), lactic acid(p =0.00) were significantly associated with 28-day mortality. In multivariable analysis, lactate (adj. OR: 0.86, 95% CI: 0.78-0.95, p =0.002) and DNI 3 (adj. OR: 0.94, 95%CI: 0.89-0.99, p = 0.048) were significantly related with 28-day mortality. Patients with higher DNI 3 (≥2.6) showed higher 28-day mortality than patients with lower DNI< 2.6 (67.4% vs 32.6 %; P < 0.001). Using a cutoff value of 2.6%, the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV) of the DNI 3 in sepsis were found to be 69%, 73.9%, 77.9%, and 64.1%, respectively. However, age ≥70 group did not show statistically significant difference DNI 1 values between survivor and non survivor group. Conclusion: DNI at 72 hours after ICU admission is a promising prognostic marker of 28-day mortality in patients with pneumonia-induced sepsis in the ICU. However, interpretation of the Delta Neutrophil Index (DNI) in sepsis patients aged 70 and older on the first day of hospitalization should be approached with caution.

Phishing emails pose a significant threat to cybersecurity worldwide. There are already tools that mitigate the impact of these emails by filtering them, but these tools are only as reliable as their ability to detect new formats and techniques for creating phishing emails. In this paper we investigated how traditional models and transformer models work on the classification task of identifying if an email is phishing or not. We realized that transformer models, in particular DistilBERT, BERT, and RoBERTa had a significantly higher performance compared to traditional models like Logistic Regression, Random Forest, Support Vector Machine, and Naive Bayes. The process consisted in using a large and robust dataset of emails and applying preprocessing and optimization techniques to maximize the best result possible. roBERTa showed its outstanding capacity to identify phishing emails by achieving the maximum accuracy of 0.9943. Even though they were free successful, traditional models performed marginally worse; SVM performed the best, with an accuracy of 0.9854. The results emphasize the value of sophisticated text processing methods and the possibility of transformer models to improve email security by thwarting phishing attempts.

Microwave plasma-driven nitrogen fixation can occur at atmospheric pressure without greenhouse gas emissions. However, this method still faces the challenge of high energy consumption and low production. Plasma-catalyst combined systems are widely used to increase production and reduce energy consumption in nitrogen fixation. However, the efficacy of current catalysts remains limited. In this paper, the metal-organic framework materials CuBTC and ZIF-8 are combined with the atmospheric microwave plasma for nitrogen fixation. The experimental results show their better catalytic effect than the ordinary catalyst ZSM-5. The maximum nitrogen oxide concentration reaches 33400 ppm, and the lowest energy consumption is 2.05 MJ/mol. Compared to no catalyst, the nitrogen oxide production can be increased by 17.1%, and the energy consumption can be reduced by 14.6%. The transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images of the catalysts reveal obvious differences in the catalyst particle sizes. Notably, catalysts with smaller particle sizes attain higher NOx concentrations compared to their larger counterparts. To the knowledge of the authors, this is the first effort to study the synergistic effects of atmospheric microwave plasma and metal-organic framework materials on nitrogen fixation.

Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) are a family of polyesters produced by many microbial species. These naturally occurring polymers are widely used in tissue engineering because of their in vivo degradability and excellent biocompatibility. The most well-studied among them is poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB) and its copolymer with 3-hydroxyvaleric acid (PHBV). Despite their superior properties, PHB and PHBV suffer from high crystallinity, poor mechanical properties, slow resorption rate, and inherent hydrophobicity. Not only PHB and PHBV are hydrophobic, but almost all members of the PHA family struggle because of this characteristic. One can overcome the limitations of microbial polyesters by modifying their bulk or surface chemical composition. Therefore, researchers have put much effort into developing the methods for chemical modification of PHAs. This paper reviews the chemical modification methods of PHAs that make them more suitable for scaffold fabrication. Different chemical strategies for improving the wettability and mechanical properties of the PHA scaffolds are discussed in this review. Emphasis is placed on the methods used to modify the chemical structure of PHB and PHBV, the most important polymers of the PHA family. The properties of PHAs that are important for their applications in tissue engineering are also discussed.

The glaciers of the Himalayas are essential for water resources in South Asia and the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, but they are undergoing accelerated mass loss, posing risks to water security and increasing glacial hazards. This study examines long-term changes in the geometry and flow speeds of both land- and lake-terminating glaciers at the headwaters of the Yarlung Zangbo River, using field measurements, remote sensing, and numerical ice flow modeling. We observed significant heterogeneity in glacier behavior across the region, with notable differences between glacier terminus types and even among neighboring glaciers of the same type. Between 1974 and 2020, glacier thinning and mass loss rates doubled in the early 21st century (−0.57±0.05 m w.e. a−1) compared to 1974–2000 (−0.24±0.11 m w.e. a−1). While lake-terminating glaciers generally experienced more rapid retreat and mass loss, the land-terminating N241 Glacier displayed comparable mass loss rates. Lake-terminating glaciers retreated by over 1000 m between 1990 and 2019, while land-terminating glaciers retreated by less than 750 m. The ITS_LIVE velocity dataset showed higher and more variable flow speeds in lake-terminating glaciers. Numerical modeling from 2000 to 2018 revealed divergent flow regime changes, with some lake-terminating glaciers accelerating and others slowing down. Our findings underscore the significant role of lake-terminating glaciers in contributing to ice mass loss, emphasizing the need for advanced glacier models that incorporate dynamic processes such as frontal calving and longitudinal coupling.

Water resource management in agriculture faces complex challenges due to increasing scarcity, exacerbated by climate change, and the intensification of conflicts among various user groups. This study addresses the issue of predicting and managing these conflicts in the Longaví River Basin, Chile, by considering the intricate interactions between hydrological, social, and economic factors. A socio-hydrological agent-based model (SHABM) was developed, integrating hydrological, economic, and behavioral data. The methodology combined fieldwork with computational modeling, characterizing three types of agents (selfish, neutral, and cooperative) and simulating scenarios with varying levels of water availability and oversight across three Water User Organizations (WUOs). The key findings revealed that: (1) selfish agents are more likely to disregard irrigation schedules under conditions of scarcity and low supervision; (2) high supervision (90%) significantly reduces conflicts; (3) water scarcity exacerbates non-cooperative behaviors; (4) high-risk conflict areas can be identified; and (5) behavioral patterns stabilize after the third year of simulation. This work demonstrates the potential of SHABM as a decision-making tool in water management, enabling proactive identification of conflict-prone areas and evaluation of management strategies.

Background: Observational studies have implicated the association between gut microbiota and diverticular disease. However, the causality remains unclear. We aim to evaluate the causal association of gut microbiota alterations and circulating metabolite level with the risk of diverticular disease. Methods: A bidirectional two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) was conducted by using GWAS summary-level data of gut microbiota, circulating metabolites, and diverticular disease. The inverse-variance weighted (IVW) MR approach was applied as the primary analysis. The MR-Egger, weighted-median, and MR-PRESSO methods were supplemented as sensitivity analyses if applicable. The false discovery rate was adopted for multiple testing corrections. Results: In the forward MR analysis, a genetically determined higher abundance of Ruminococcus torques group was found to be causally associated with decreased risk of diverticular disease. With each one-unit increase in log-transformed relative abundance values of the Ruminococcus torques group, there was a significant decrease in the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) for diverticular disease risk, with an OR of 0.68 (95% CI: 0.56-0.82, P=4.72ⅹ10-5). A genetically determined increased abundance of Oxalobacter (OR=0.88, 95%CI: 0.80-0.97, P=0.011) was suggestively associated with a lower risk of diverticular disease. We did not find any significant association between circulating metabolites level and diverticular disease risk. Additionally, no association between genetic liability to diverticular disease and the relative abundance of microbiota was observed in reverse MR analysis. Conclusions: This study provides evidence for a causal association between genetically determined higher abundance of the Ruminococcus torques group and decreased risk of diverticular disease. We also suggest a potential protective role of Oxalobacter on diverticular disease.

The paper describes the influence of the drum system construction of two modern carding machines on the porous structure of spunlace non-wovens composed of polyester and viscose. The non-woven fabric structure, including the number and size of the pores, determines the tensile strength of the composites obtained. The spunlace non-wovens were subjected to tensile strength tests in the machine, and cross directions and microscopic observations of their structure were made. The results of the experiments were used to determine the relationship between the strength of the material and the porosity of its structure. This knowledge was used to prepare recommendations for the manufacturer of wet wipes in order to enable the selection of a carding machine for the mass production of final products with strength properties that meet market requirements and satisfy the end customer.

Climate variations in temperature and precipitation significantly impact forest productivity. Precipitation influences the physiology and growth of species, while temperature regulates photosynthesis, respiration, and transpiration. This study developed bioclimatic models to as-sess how climate change will affect the carbon density of aboveground biomass (cdAGB) in Mex-ico's coniferous forests for 2050 and 2070. We used cdAGB data from the National Forest and Soils Inventory (INFyS) of Mexico and 19 bioclimatic variables from WorldClim ver. 2.0. The best predictors of cdAGB were obtained using machine learning techniques with the 'caret' library in R. The model was trained with 80% of the data and validated with the remaining 20% using Generalized Linear Models (GLM). Current cdAGB prediction maps were generated using the best predictors. Future cdAGB was calculated with the average of three general circulation mod-els (GCMs) of future climate projections from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5), under four Representative Concentration Pathways (RCPs): 2.6, 4.5, 6.0, and 8.5 W/m². The results indicate cdAGB losses in all climate scenarios, reaching up to 15 Mg C ha-1, and could occur under the RCP 8.5 scenario by 2070 in the central region of the country. Tempera-ture-related variables are more important than precipitation variables. Bioclimatic variables can explain up to 20% of the total variance in cdAGB. The temperature in the study area is expected to increase by 2.66 °C by 2050 and 3.36 °C by 2070, while precipitation is expected to fluctuate by ±10% relative to the current values, which. could geographically redistribute the cdAGB of the country's coniferous forests. These findings underscore the need for forest management to focus not only on biodiversity conservation but also on the carbon storage capacity of these ecosys-tems.

Tinnitus is a debilitating auditory disorder commonly described as a ringing in the ears in the absence of an external sound source. Although various risk factors have been reported to be related to the perception of tinnitus, sound trauma is considered the primary cause. Neuronal hyperactivity is one of the potential mechanisms for the genesis of tinnitus and has been identified within major regions of the central auditory system, including the cochlear nucleus (CN) and the auditory cortex (AC). An imbalance of excitatory and inhibitory neu-rotransmission has been attributed to this hyperactivity. However, no study has directly cor-related tinnitus with the extracellular levels of amino acids in the CN and the AC using mi-crodialysis, which reflects the functions of these neurochemicals. In the present study, rats were exposed to either a sham condition or acoustic trauma and then subjected to behavioral confirmation of tinnitus after one month. They were further divided into sham (aged n=6; young n=6), tinnitus-positive (aged n=7; young n=7), and tinnitus-negative (aged n=3; young n=3) groups. In vivo microdialysis was utilized to collect samples from the CN and the AC simultaneously in the same rat. Extracellular levels of amino acids were quantified using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) coupled with an electrochemical detector (ECD). The effects of sound stimulation and age on neurochemical changes associ-ated with tinnitus were also examined. It was found that there were no significant differ-ences in either the basal levels or the sound stimulation-evoked changes of any of the amino acids examined in the CN and the AC, between sham and tinnitus animals. However, the ba-sal levels of serine and threonine exhibited age-related alterations in the AC and significant differences in threonine and glycine levels were observed in the responses to 4 kHz and 16 kHz stimuli in the CN. These results demonstrated a lack of a direct link between extracellu-lar levels of amino acids in the CN and the AC and tinnitus perception in a rat model of tin-nitus. Further studies investigating a wide range of neurochemicals in both auditory and non-auditory brain regions are needed in order to understand tinnitus-related changes in neuro-transmission.

Background: Delhi State AIDS Control Society (DSACS) addressed critical integration of services for Orphan and Vulnerable Children (OVC) in context of HIV. They bridged the policy and implementation divide by formulating a multisectoral-strategy in April 2012, creating a model of "Continuum-of-Care for People-Living with HIV (PLHIV), OVC & Children-Affected-by-HIV (ChABH)” in Delhi. With input from the National Commission for Protection of Child Rights, DSACS sensitized political and administrative machinery about needs and challenges related to HIV/AIDS. DSACS developed an incentive-based system for Antiretroviral Therapy (ART) adherence, incorporating safeguards and robust monitoring. Delhi Government's sustained financial commitment and DSACS programmatic-innovation provide a scalable blueprint for India and global initiatives. Description: This ongoing Delhi Government's scheme focuses on household-economic-strengthening of PLHIV as an incentive for broader behaviour change based-on specific eligibility conditions. Beneficiaries fall into four categories: PLHIV, including children on ART; double orphan HIV positive children (OCI); destitute children living with HIV/in institutional care (DCI); and double orphan ChABH in community-based care in Delhi. Category-wise fixed-monthly financial assistance is released to beneficiaries via direct-bank-transfers leveraging Aadhaar-platform to eliminate corruption. Adherence to treatment is mandatory to continue cash-transfers. Linkages with other schemes established to maximize impact. Lessons learned: In its 11-year evolution, Delhi model has grown from 1110 to 6467 beneficiaries, including 6383 PLHIV, 34 double OCI, 50 DCI, and 27 double orphan ChABH, with 5875 (90.8%) currently active excluding beneficiaries who expired (n=328), migrated/ transferred out of Delhi (n=115), opted-out ART/or lost-to-follow-up (n=135), and 14 CABA who turned major. Steady progress and 98% ART adherence mark positive outcomes. DSACS eased eligibility criteria in 2018, facilitating hurdle-free enrollment, while responding to cost-inflation by enhancing financial assistance, showcasing program adaptability. Achieving >95 ART adherence has significantly boosted survival rates, underscoring program's positive impact on beneficiary health. The scheme's INR 14,69,35,600 expenditure in 2022-23, just 0.13% of Delhi Health Department's plan-outlay, signals a cost-effective investment. Extrapolating this nationally would represent 1.5% of India's Health Ministry's current plan-outlay. Conclusions/Next steps: This innovative model is implementable on large-scale in India and around the globe but requires not only financial commitment but also coordinated efforts, policy adjustments, and collaboration between various stakeholders.

Abstract: Objectives: Sutureless aortic valve replacement (Su-AVR) is gaining popularity due to its simplified implantation technique and advantages such as shorter operative time. We evaluated the Intuity aortic bioprosthesis and investigated the mechanical adaptation of its prosthetic stent and its susceptibility to cusp fibrosis, dysfunction, flutter, and obstruction after implantation, if any. Methods: N=19 patients received a Su-AVR with the Intuity bioprosthesis at our institution between 2018 and 2020. We analysed the clinical outcomes, anatomical and stereotactical features using the OSIRIX DICOM Pixmeo software CT images, and the radial force (RF) profile using the RX Machine apparatus (Machine Solutions Inc., located in Flagstaff, AZ), for evaluating the valve’s stent according to ISO standards. Results: In all three-dimensional reconstructions, the Intuity stent showed no degree of deformation or ovalisation. Annulus ovality was 0 and 10.4%, respectively, and ovality of the skirt at its open edge was 2 and 19.9%, respectively. Intuity's RF was significantly higher than other transcatheter aortic devices, exceeding the tester's measurement range. Conclusions: The Intuity Elite bio-prosthesis demonstrates remarkable ovality, RFs, and rigidity that could relate to a potential for dynamic adjustment to the hemodynamic patterns in the aortic root postoperatively. Its high RFs at the annulus may explain the resistance to deformation, ensuring harmonious, natural-like cusp mobility. This may reduce the risk of turbulence-induced fibrosis and increased transvalvular pressure gradients, and may clinically translate into less hemolysis. To validate the clinical impact of our findings, if any, additional research with larger sample and extended follow-up is essential.

The basal division of posterior pallial amygdala (PoAb) was one important part of the amygdala in birds. PoAb mainly mediated turning behavior. However, the regulating neuromechanisms of PoAb in motor behavior was not clear yet. In this study, we selected septalis lateralis (SL) as the stimulated nucleus because it was closely associated with PoAb and had clear neuroregulatory functions, and the unrelated nuclei (entopallium) and unstimulated blank treatment (CK) selected as controls. A total of 622 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were obtained from PoAb after comparing the SL stimulating group with the CK control group. GO functional annotation and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis showed that the upregulated 608 DEGs mainly involved energy supply and fluid balance. A total of 345 DEGs were obtained when comparing SL stimulation group and entopallium stimulation group. The upregulated 187 DEGs were mainly involved in cell communication and signal transductions. The study indicated that PoAb may modulate motor behaviour mainly by increasing ATP production and facilitating synaptic transmission, in which genes such as SMAD3, TMED3, GRIA2, HTR1B and SNCG play an important role. We revealed the neuromechanisms of brain regulation behaviour from gene level, and provided the theoretical foundation for understanding the avian brain.

Reduced autonomic responses have been reported in horses of advanced age, predisposing them to compromised well-being. Maintained physical exertion tends to preserve autonomic function in geriatric horses. However, the impact of structured exercise regimens on autonomic modulation in geriatric horses has yet to be elucidated. A study was conducted to compare the autonomic modulation in geriatric horses with different activity levels: living sedentarily (SEL), retaining unstructured activities (RAT) and practising a structured exercise regimen (SER). The study observed heart rate variability (HRV) and found that the minimum and mean heart rate decreased in SER horses at 10–12 weeks, with no changes in SEL or RAT horses over the study period. Beat-to-beat (RR) intervals showed no differences in SEL horses, temporal fluctuation at 8–10 weeks in RAT horses and an increase at 10–12 weeks in SER horses. HRV was higher in SER than in RAT horses, as well as in SER horses to a lesser extent. Geriatric horses engaging in a structured exercise regimen demonstrated better autonomic regulation, reflecting lower stress than those retaining unstructured activities or living sedentarily. These results carry welfare implications for developing health management in geriatric horses.

Timely diagnosis of diabetes helps in avoiding the major risks associated with the disorder. The proposed research involves the prediction of the disorder using a minimal sized and most representative feature set generated using automatic feature extraction through an autoencoder followed by a meta-heuristic feature selection of minimal size using Harris Hawk Optimization that predicts the onset of Diabetes with best accuracy. Specifically, the proposed method uses various classifiers like Support Vector Classifier, Logistic Regression, Decision Trees and Random Forest along with a stacking ensemble classifier upon the new feature set generated by the feature engineering pipeline. The usefulness of the proposed method is evaluated through metrics like accuracy, area under ROC (Receiver Operating Characteristic) curve, precision, recall and F1-score. The predictive ability of the models is affirmed under the presence of any statistical anomalies through the tests for statistical significance.

Computer Vision using Deep Learning algorithms has served numerous human activity identification applications, particularly those linked to safety and security. However, despite the fact that autistic children are frequently exposed to danger as a result of their activities, many Computer Vision experts have shown little interest in their safety. High-grade autistic children frequently experience the Meltdown Crisis condition, characterized by hostile behaviors and loss of control. This study aims to introduce a monitoring system capable of predicting the Meltdown Crisis condition early and alerting the children’s parents or caregivers before entering more difficult settings. For this endeavor, the suggested system was constructed using a combination of a pre-trained Vision Transformer (ViT) model (Swin-3D-b) and a Residual Network (ResNet) architecture to extract robust features from video sequences in order to extract and learn the spatial and temporal features of the Stereotyped Motor Movements made by autistic children at the beginning of the Meltdown Crisis state, which is referred to as the Pre-Meltdown Crisis state. In order to attain a 92% recall and F1 Score, the final decisions made for data preparation, model construction, and training parameters were tweaked and established experimentally. The best loss value obtained was 0.08. The MeltdownCrisis dataset, which includes realistic scenarios of autistic children’s behaviors in the Pre-Meltdown Crisis state and Normal state the Normal state data being used as a negative class was utilized for evaluation.

This study explores the challenges faced by science educators at the university level, with a focus on teaching practices and classroom management. A total of 100 faculty members, including Associate Professors, Professors, and Heads of Departments, were surveyed to gather insights. Data was collected using a two-point rating scale, examining three core areas: the future challenges in higher education, teaching methodologies, and effective classroom management. Key findings from the study highlight several pressing concerns. Financial burdens, including high tuition costs, continue to create barriers to access for students, while systemic issues hinder equitable opportunities in higher education. The study also identified the need for ongoing professional development for faculty to keep pace with evolving teaching methodologies, particularly in science education. Additionally, the increasing integration of AI tools into academic environments has raised concerns about maintaining academic integrity. Other challenges identified include the difficulties in transitioning to online or hybrid teaching formats, especially in the context of science education, and the growing reliance on adjunct faculty, which can impact the continuity and quality of instruction. The study concludes with recommendations aimed at addressing these challenges, emphasizing the importance of institutional support and faculty training to strengthen teaching practices, enhance classroom management, and adapt to the rapidly changing landscape of higher education.

This study provides a global comparative analysis of employability and business skill demands across various regions and educational levels, focusing on business studies within tertiary education. By examining data on employment, unemployment, and inactivity rates for individuals with bachelor’s, master’s, and doctoral degrees, the paper identifies significant regional and gender disparities in labor market outcomes. Southern Europe and Asia-Pacific exhibit higher unemployment rates among graduates, particularly women and older individuals, while Northern and Western Europe show more favorable employment trends. The study also explores the varying demand for essential business skills, such as administration, financial management and sales/marketing across high and upper-middle-income regions. High-income regions prioritize advanced skills in financial management and marketing, whereas upper-middle-income countries focus on process optimization and administration. Gender disparities persist globally, with women facing higher unemployment rates despite educational attainment. The findings highlight the importance of aligning educational systems with labor market needs and addressing gender inequalities through targeted policies. This analysis informs workforce development, educational planning, and policymaking aimed at improving employment outcomes in diverse economic contexts.

With accelerating urbanization; the frequency and magnitude of extreme weather events have increased rapidly. This study aims to examine how these land use changes influence hydroclimatic extremes in the region, to better understand the complex interactions between natural and anthropogenic factors that shape local climate. The study’s results revealed that precipitation trends increased significantly (tau = 0.25 and p-value = 0.04), as did night-time temperatures (tau = 0.41 and p-value = 0.001), between 1991 and 2020. However, daytime temperatures show a non-significant downward trend (tau = -0.14 and p-value = 0.30). Landsat 8 data show that the development of impervious surfaces affects surface temperature regulating factors (vegetation, water bodies and bare soil). Pearson correlation revealed that flooding and diurnal and nocturnal heat waves were the main hydroclimatic hazards likely to be influenced by urbanization. Extremes calculated at the 99th percentile showed statistically highly significant increasing return values (all p less than 0.001) over periods of 2, 5, 10, 50 and 100 years.

Although corn is the most important and nitrogen (N)-fertilized crop, there is a lack of long-term data on the effects of organic and inorganic N fertilizer on N balance and losses for corn systems under different tillage systems. From 2012 to 2023 we assessed the effects of N sources on grain yields from cultivated continuous corn receiving irrigation at a site with minimal erosion in Fort Collins, Colorado, USA, and compared these effects to no-till (NT) and strip till (ST) systems receiving inorganic N. An N balance accounting for N and carbon (C) sequestration found a system nitrogen use efficiency (NUE_Sys) for organic N fertilizer (manure) with tillage of 86.3%, which was higher than the NUE_Sys of 60.2% with inorganic N fertilizer (enhanced efficiency fertilizer, EEF). Conventional tillage with manure use is a good management practice that contributed to higher grain yields (2 of 11 yr.), C sequestration (P<0.05), soil organic N content (P<0.05), and soil phosphorus (P) content than inorganic N fertilizer with tillage (P<0.05). Tilled systems, whether receiving organic or inorganic N fertilizer, had higher yields and grain N content than NT and ST systems receiving inorganic N fertilizer (P<0.05). The grain production of the cultivated system receiving organic N fertilizer did not decrease with time, while the yields of the cultivated system receiving inorganic N fertilizer decreased with time (P<0.05), suggesting that cultivated systems receiving organic N fertilizer may be more sustainable and better able to adapt to a changing climate. Additionally, a combination of manure (30% of N input) with EEF (70% of N input) contributed to a synergistic effect that increased agronomic productivity (harvested grain yields).

Reconfigurable Intelligent Surface (RIS), as an emerging radio technology, is widely used to expand transmission distance and structure cascade channels to improve the performance of communication systems. However, although RIS-NOMA assisted Internet of Vehicles (IoV) communication system can improve the overall transmission and rate performance with continuous development of wireless communication technology, the physical layer security (PLS) issue has gradually attracted attention and becomes more and more important in the application of the system. The aim of this paper is to investigate the potential threaten for PLS, when RIS is utilized in order to improve the security performance of wireless communications. In particular, this work considers the non-fixed of RIS location and wiretapping behavior of eavesdroppers on the data, and further analyzes the maximum safe-rate for above location assumptions. The results show that RIS demonstrates significant advantages on security performance and provides a useful reference for the security design of future wireless communication systems.

(1) Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has raised concerns about the impact of underlying medical conditions on the health outcomes of people living with HIV (PLWH). This study aimed to assess how pre-existing chronic medical conditions affect the health outcomes of PLWH infected with COVID-19. (2) Methods: A retrospective study using data from the Minnesota Fairview network (January 1, 2020 - December 31, 2022) was conducted. Fisher’s Exact Test, Kruskal-Wallis rank sum test, and ordinal logistic regressions with Benjamini-Hochberg (BH) adjustment on p-values were used to assess the influence of chronic conditions on COVID-19 severity, adjusting for age and gender. (3) Results: Among 216 records, significant associations were found for stroke, chronic kidney disease, lung disease, and neurologic conditions (p<0.05). Type 1 diabetes was marginally significant (0.05<p<0.1). After adjusting for age and sex, stroke (p=0.0008, BH-adjusted p=0.0044) and chronic kidney disease (p=0.0003, BH-adjusted p=0.0033) significantly increased the risk of severe COVID-19 outcomes. (4) Conclusions: Pre-existing medical conditions should be considered in the clinical management and public health interventions for PLWH with COVID-19. Tailored strategies are essential to mitigate the higher risk of severe outcomes in PLWH with specific chronic comorbidities.

Coastal protection solutions can be categorized as grey, hybrid, or natural. Grey infrastructure includes artificial structures like dykes. Natural habitats like seagrasses are considered as natural protection infrastructure. Hybrid solutions combine both natural and grey infrastructure. Evidence suggest that grey solutions can negatively impact the environment, while natural habitats prevent flooding without such adverse effects and provide many ecosystem services. New types of protective solutions, called biomimetic solutions, are inspired by natural habitats and reproduce their features using artificial materials. Few studies have been conducted on these new approaches. This study aims to quantify wave dissipation observed in-situ above a biomimetic solution inspired by kelps, known for their wave dampening properties. The solution was deployed in full water column nearby Palavas-les-Flots in southern France. A one-month in-situ experimentation showed that the biomimetic solution dissipates around 10% of total wave energy on average, whatever the meteo-marine conditions. Wave energy dissipation is frequency dependent: short waves are dissipated, while low-frequency energy increased. An anti-dissipative effect occurs for forcing conditions with frequencies close to the eigen mode linked to the biomimetic solution's geometry, suggesting that resonance should be considered in designing future biomimetic protection solutions.

Endometrial cancer (EC), a prevalent gynecological malignancy, presents significant challenges due to its genetic complexity and heterogeneity. The genomic landscape of EC is underpinned by genetic alterations, such as mutations in PTEN, PIK3CA, and ARID1A, and chromosomal abnormalities. The identification of molecular subtypes—POLE-ultramutated, microsatellite instability (MSI), copy-number low, and copy-number high—illustrates the diverse genetic profiles within EC and underscores the need for subtype-specific therapeutic strategies. The integration of multi-omics technologies such as CRISPR gene editing, single-cell genomics, and spatial transcriptomics, have revolutionized our understanding and approach to studying EC, and offers a holistic perspective that enhances the ability to identify novel biomarkers and therapeutic targets. The translation of these multi-omics findings into personalized medicine and precision oncology is increasingly feasible in clinical practice. Targeted therapies such as PI3K/AKT/mTOR inhibitors have demonstrated the potential for improved treatment efficacy tailored to specific genetic alterations. Despite these advancements, challenges persist in terms of variability in patient responses, the integration of genomic data into clinical workflows, and ethical considerations. This review explores the genomic underpinnings of EC, from genes to clinical practice. It highlights the ongoing need for multidisciplinary research and collaboration to address the complexities of EC and improve diagnosis, treatment, and patient outcomes.

Healthcare waste presents a global environmental and public health issue, with the U.S. generating over 5 million pounds annually. Hospitals have initiated programs to reduce waste and enhance recycling, with encouraging outcomes. At our tertiary medical center, disparities in municipal waste disposal across departments led to targeted research in the Surgical Intensive Care Unit (SICU). We evaluated the effectiveness of an educational intervention aimed at improving red bag waste management. Pre-intervention audits assessed waste sorting, followed by one-minute staff presentations and infographics near disposal bins. Post-intervention audits revealed a significant reduction in inappropriate municipal waste in red bag bins, analyzed using Fisher’s exact test. Interviews suggested staff lacked recollection of prior red bag waste training, underscoring the value of continuous education. While effective, limitations included sample size and generalizability. Future studies should explore additional strategies to further improve waste disposal practices and address training gaps.

Drilling and blasting is the conventional method used for rock fragmentation in open pit mining. Blast-induced damage can reduce the level of stability of benches and pit slopes. To develop an optimal blast design, an adequate knowledge of the rock properties and in-situ fractures is needed. Fractures are generally the paths of least resistance for explosive energy and can affect the intensity of blast-induced damage. Discrete Fracture Networks (DFN) are 3D representations of joint systems used for estimating the distribution of in-situ fractures in a rock mass. The combined finite/discrete element method (FDEM) can be used to simulate the complex rock breakage process during a blast. The objective of this paper is to develop a methodology for assessing the influence of in-situ joints on the post-blast fracturing and the associated wall damage in 2D bench blasts scenarios. First, a simple one-blasthole scenario is analyzed with the FDEM software Irazu 2D and calibrated based on a laboratory-scale blasting experiment available from previous literature. Secondly, more complex scenarios consisting of one-blasthole models at the bench-scale were simulated. A bench blast without DFN (base case) and one with DFN, were numerically simulated. The model with DFN demonstrated that the growth path and intensity of blast-induced fractures were governed by pre-existing fractures which led to smaller wall damage area. The damage intensity for the base case scenario is about 42% higher than for the blast model with DFN included, which highlights the significance of in-situ fractures in the resulting blast damage intensity. The methodology for developing the DFN-included blasting simulation provides a more realistic modeling process for blast-induced wall damage assessment. This results in a better characterization of the blast damage zone and can lead to improved slope stability analyses.

(1) Background: Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP) is a bacterium that causes paratuberculosis disease. One of its proteins, MAP3773c, is involved in iron metabolism and acts as a transcription factor. Our goal is to investigate the binding of the MAP3773c protein in 2 sites of the chromatin of the ferroportin1 gene of mouse macrophages J774 A.1. (2) Methods: We performed a sequence alignment, then a docking, then EMSA to analyze in vitro the binding of MAP3773c, then we performed the cloning of map3773c in pCDNA3.1 to perform transfection in macrophages, then we performed the expression by Western blotting and PCR in real time then a CHiP of transfected macrophages. (3) Results: Our results showed in silico that MAP3773c binds to two boxes in the FPN1 coding sequence, by EMSA, MAP3773c is glued at 2 sites: EBOX and MBOX, equally with iron, zinc or EDTA. In CHiP, we also determined the binding of MAP3773c in the chromatin of FPN1 by PCR amplifying the chromatin fragment. (4) Conclusions: Our in silico, in vitro and in vivo study showed that MAP3773c binds to FPN1. Overall, our study provides information on the role of MAP3773c and its effect on host iron transport.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD) are the most prevalent and irreversible neurological disorders that primarily affect the aged population. These conditions lead to disability and mortality as there is currently no medication for a complete cure. Existing drugs only provide symptomatic relief of the disease. Inhibition of Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and Butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE) will reduce the hydroxylation of Acetylcholine, a molecule possessing a significant role in the neurotransmission pathways and is accounted as a remedial objective for the treatment of AD and PD. This study aimed to identify potent lead molecules from plants that could inhibit AChE and BuChE. We employed molecular docking, molecular dynamic simulation, and MMPBSA approaches to screen and evaluate potential compounds. The docking results were analysed based on binding affinity and hydrogen bond interactions at the active-site residues of the targets. From the analysis, four phytocompounds - Tricetin, Luteolin, Withasomniferol C, and Withanolide were identified as potential hits. These compounds demonstrated strong binding affinities of -8.49, -9.85, -25.26, and -24.1 kcal/mol, respectively. The significant binding affinity suggests that these compounds may effectively inhibit the activity of AChE and BuChE, potentially leading to therapeutic benefits for AD and PD. However, further in-vitro analysis is recommended to validate the activity of these compounds. In-vitro experiments will provide a better understanding of their efficacy, safety, and potential as drug candidates for treating AD and PD.

Which measure is the most effective for solving health disparities, biological or economic? It is indispensable to delve into the factors of health disparities to answer this question. Our last paper in this journal analyzed the multi-dimensional factors of psychological health disparity under COVID-19 in Japan. This paper extends the analysis to physical health to explore the issue and proposes the concept of psychosomatic health, bridging the physical and psychological dimensions. It was found that　the factors of physical health disparities were close to those of psychological health. According to this new analysis concerning psychosomatic health disparity, not only biological factors but also socio-economic-political factors are essential for the psychosomatic health disparities in the static analysis． In addition, the ethico-political factor of justice/fairness plays a critical role in the dynamic analysis concerning the suppression of the damage to well-being by COVID-19. The result suggests the importance of multi-dimensional communitarian interventions, utilizing the term in political philosophy: it evaluates societal-community intervention as well as biological, political, and economic measures. Therefore, this study implies that, on this empirical basis, public deliberation with the ethical dimension and counting the relative weight of these factors with the temporal dimension in allocating resources is proposed as a theoretically desirable method of the new comprehensive intervention.

The COVID-19 pandemic led to cancellation of elective surgeries, leading to decreased surgical volume and training for residents. This effect was pronounced in medically underserved areas, such as Far Rockaway, New York. The goal of this study was to understand the impact of the pandemic on surgical volumes at St. John’s Episcopal Hospital, a safety net hospital serving Far Rockaway. Operating Room Data, containing surgical volumes for Ophthalmology and five other surgical branches from January 2018 through February 2022, was analyzed between four waves of the pandemic. For each field, average surgery case counts between the waves were compared using two-tailed t-test. In several fields, there were significant drops in surgical volume between the pre-covid era and the first wave. Ophthalmology cases fell by 29.7% (p

Vaccination is essential in maintaining animal health, with a priority on safety and cost-effectiveness in veterinary vaccines. The development of recombinant live-attenuated Salmonella vaccines (RASVs) has enabled the construction of balanced lethal systems, ensuring the stability of plasmid vectors encoding protective antigens post-immunization. These vaccines are particularly suitable for production animals, providing long-term immunity against a range of bacterial, viral, and parasitic pathogens. This review summarizes the progress made in this field, with a focus on clinical trials demonstrating the efficacy and commercial potential of RASVs in veterinary medicine.

The Gandoca-Manzanillo Wildlife Refuge in Costa Rica is facing significant threats from deforestation, raising concerns about its impact on forest health and carbon sequestration. This study utilized high-resolution satellite data from Sentinel-2 and Planet NICFI to assess forest degradation and quantify deforestation from January 2023 to August 2024. Multiple vegetation indices, including NDVI, GNDVI, EVI, SAVI, and MSI, were applied to monitor changes in forest health. Deforestation was calculated using relative NDVI change detection and thresholding techniques, while CO₂ emissions were estimated based on biomass loss derived from NDVI. The results show a 5% decrease in NDVI from Planet NICFI and a 2-3% decline from Sentinel-2, leading to the loss of 3.5 hectares of forest cover. Carbon dynamics revealed a CO₂ loss of 33,322.64 tons between January 2023 and January 2024, followed by a gain of 100,834.54 tons by August 2024, indicating partial recovery. The integration of Sentinel-2 and Planet NICFI data detected 13.22% deforestation with Sentinel-2 and 16.76% with Planet NICFI, emphasizing the importance of multi-source satellite imagery for accurate monitoring. These findings highlight the need for continuous monitoring and effective management to sustain carbon storage and combat deforestation.

A passive flow control technique in the form of microfiber coatings with diverging pillar cross-section area was applied to the wing suction surface of a small tailless unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV). The coatings are inspired from ‘gecko feet’ surfaces and their effect on aerodynamic and control surface performance is analyzed via wind tunnel experiments in static and dynamic conditions. The static angle of attack was set at a range of angles from -2◦ to 17◦, and the elevon control surface was deflected from -18.7◦ to 24.7◦. In forced oscillation, various combinations of mean angle of attack, frequency and amplitude were explored. The aerodynamic coefficients were calculated from load cell measurements for experimental variables such as microfiber pillar height, the region of the wing coated with microfibers, Reynolds number and angle of attack. Microfibers with a 140µm pillar height, when compared to the smooth wing case, provide drag reduction of up to 24.7% for CL = 0.9 at the cruise Reynolds number, whereas shorter 70µm microfibers perform better at the stall Reynolds number, with a 24.2% CD reduction for the same CL. Control surface experiments show pitch moment authority is significantly improved at higher angles of attack near stall when microfibers cover the elevon and its upstream wing region, with an increase in CM magnitude of up to 22.4%. Dynamic experiments showed that microfibers marginally increase dynamic damping in pitch, improving load factor production in response to control surface actuation at low angles of attack, but reducing it at higher angles. In general, the microfiber pillars are within the laminar boundary layer, and create a periodic slip condition on the top surface of the pillars which increases the near-wall momentum over the wing surface. This mechanism is particularly effective in mitigating flow separation at high angles of attack, reducing pressure drag and restoring pitching moment authority provided by control surfaces.

The presence of fecal indicator bacteria in therapeutic mineral waters (TMWs) represents an important factor that can alter their chemical properties and therapeutic effect, correlated with an increased health risk for patients. The purpose of study was to evaluate the interrelationship between the level of contamination with coliform bacteria/Escherichia coli determined by the culture-dependent method and the concentrations of major ions, trace elements and gases in mineral waters that are used for curative or prophylactic purposes. Coliform bacteria showed a degree of survival modulated by the physical-chemical profile of TMWs, their viable count being statistically correlated with T°C, pH, TDS, EC and major ions (Mg2+, Ca2+, Fe2+, Cl-, HCO3-, SO42-). The prevalence of E.coli bacteria was not sen-sitive to the oscillation of the values of T°C; pH; TDS; EC of TMWs, but on the other hand, for the concentration variations of Cl-, HCO3-, total miner-alization from the composition of lakes/bathing pools, a positive correla-tion was identified with its numerical density. For sulfurous TMWs, the results showed a negative correlation between H2S concentration and the level of CB or E.coli, and in carbonated TMWs, CO2/CB values varied di-rectly proportionally, while E.coli evolved numerically independently of CO2 concentration fluctuations, as expected, being aerobe/facultative an-aerobic bacteria.

Land cover refers to the combination of various material types and their natural characteristics on the Earth. Accurately mapping the spatial distribution and temporal changes of the earth's land cover is of great significance for studying the energy balance and carbon cycle of the earth system. However, there is still a high degree of human participation in the production of multi-temporal land cover products. Developing an automated method for multi-epoch land cover mapping has become a key research focus. To this end, an automatic training sample extraction method was first employed using multi-source prior land cover products. Then, based on the generated training dataset and the Random Forest classifier, local adaptive land cover classification models of the reference year were developed. Finally, by migrating the classification model to the target epoch, the multi-epoch land cover products were generated. Yuli County in Xinjiang and Linxi County in Inner Mongolia were used as test cases. The classification models were first generated in 2020 and then transferred to 2010 to enable automatic classification of multi-temporal land cover. The mapping results showed high accuracy in both regions, with Yuli County achieving 92.52% in 2020 and 88.33% in 2010, and Linxi County achieving 90.28% in 2020 and 85.28% in 2010. Additionally, uncertainty analysis of the model migration method revealed that land types such as water bodies, wetlands, and impervious surfaces, which exhibit significant spectral changes over time, are less suitable for the model migration. Our research can offer valuable insights for fine-resolution land cover mapping. Furthermore, the approach provides a scalable solution for multi-period land cover monitoring, which could facilitate more efficient and accurate environmental assessments.

This research introduces a non-enzymatic electrochemical sensor utilizing flower-like nickel ox-ide/carbon (fl-NiO/C) microspheres for the precise detection of L-glutamic acid (LGA), a crucial neurotransmitter in the field of healthcare and a frequently utilized food additive and flavor en-hancer. The fl-NiO/C were synthesized with controllable microstructures using metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) as precursors followed by a simple calcination process. The uniformly synthe-sized fl-NiO/C microspheres were further characterized using Fourier Transform Infrared Spec-troscopy (FTIR), X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), and Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FE-SEM). The fl-NiO/C was utilized as a modi-fier on the surface of a glassy carbon electrode, and an impedimetric sensor based on Electro-chemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) was developed for the detection of LGA. The proposed sensor demonstrated excellent catalytic activity and selectivity towards LGA across a broad con-centration range of 10-800 μM with a sensitivity of 486.9 µA.mM-1.cm-2 and a detection limit of 1.28 µM (S/N=3). The sensor was also employed to identify LGA in blood plasma samples, yield-ing results that align with those obtained through HPLC. This achievement highlights the poten-tial of fl-NiO/C microspheres in advancing cutting-edge biosensing applications.

Background and Purpose: This pilot randomized controlled trial evaluated the effects of 12 sessions of patient-specific adaptive dynamic cycling (PSADC) versus non-adaptive cycling (NA) on motor function and mobility in individuals with Parkinson’s disease (PD), using IMU sensors for objective assessment. Methods: Twenty-three participants with PD (13 in the PSADC group and 10 in the NA group) completed the study over a 4-week period. Motor function was measured using the Kinesia™ sensors and the MDS-UPDRS Motor III, while mobility was assessed with the TUG test using OPAL IMU sensors. Results: The PSADC group showed significant improvements in MDS-UPDRS Motor III scores (t = 5.165, p &lt; 0.001) and dopamine-sensitive symptoms (t = 4.629, p = 0.001), whereas the NA group did not improve. Both groups showed non-significant improvements in TUG time. IMU sensors provided continuous, quantitative, and unbiased measurements of motor function and mobility, offering a more accurate tracking of improvements over time. Conclusion: PSADC demonstrated enhanced treatment effects on PD motor function compared to NA, while also reducing variability in individual responses. The integration of IMU sensors was essential for precise monitoring, supporting the feasibility of a data-driven, individualized exercise approach to optimize treatment outcomes for individuals with PD.

Efforts to achieve carbon neutrality, which aims to reduce the net carbon emissions to zero by decreasing carbon emissions from human activities and increasing carbon absorption, are actively underway. Additionally, the search for clean energy alternatives to fossil fuels has become a global research trend. This paper presents research on metal-air batteries, focusing on the development of energy supply technologies that do not generate carbon emissions during power generation and require less space for power generation compared to existing renewable energy sources. The proposed Mg-Air Battery (MAB) in this study uses magnesium as the metal anode and theoretically offers a maximum open-circuit voltage of 3.1V and a high energy density of 6.8kWh/kg. While previous research has primarily focused on designing small-capacity cells and maximizing the performance of metal anodes, this study differentiates itself by designing a large-capacity MAB cell and optimizing its electrical performance. For the large-capacity cell design, the weight, shape, and size of the anode were designed based on MAB performance factors, and research was conducted on manufacturing methods to optimize the performance of the air cathode. Furthermore, to enhance usability and extend the lifespan of the MAB cell, it was designed to allow electrolyte circulation, and the electrolyte circulation performance was verified through simulations of fluid flow within the cell. Based on the study of the power performance of the newly designed large-capacity MAB cell, the feasibility of con-structing a kW-class system using multiple Mg-Air battery cell stacks was confirmed.

Light is too important to say. It can be said that light fills the universe, and light also creates the universe. However, what is the origin of the light? What is the real essence of the light? In fact, these questions have not been answered clearly until now. This paper introduces an answer to these questions based on a novel understanding of the light, that is, the photon is composed of a pair of a positron and an electron, and so the photon is an extremely tiny electric dipole. The introduced electric dipole model of the photon has strong supports by observed phenomena, and can explain electromagnetic wave property of the light simply and accurately. In addition, many observed phenomena of the light, which have confused people for a long time, can also be explained by this novel understanding easily and effectively, such as “wave-particle duality of the photon”, “light bending”, “wavelength redshift”, “light pressure” and so-called “Light speed in vacuum is constant”, and so on. The author wrote this paper for helping to fine the natural truth earlier.

The war in Ukraine and the related disruptions in supply chains shook global markets for agricultural and energy commodities, causing their prices to increase to unprecedented levels. At the same time, this situation highlighted the fact that Ukraine is an important global producer and exporter of certain agricultural products. The complete opening of the EU market to duty-free imports from Ukraine showed that Ukrainian products constitute competition for both EU and Polish food producers. This, in turn, caused further disruptions in food supply chains within the EU. The aim of the article is to assess the competitive position of Polish and Ukrainian food producers in the EU market and the prospects for the evolution of their competitive advantages. The analysis was carried out using selected quantitative indicators of competitive position, namely Balassa's Revealed Comparative Advantage Index (RCA) and the Trade Coverage Index (TC). The calculations were made using statistical data from the World Bank WITS-Comtrade database. The research covered the period from 2018 to 2023 inclusive. The research shows that between 2018 and 2023, the share of products in Polish exports to the EU, in which both countries compete, increased to 37.5%; that is, both countries had comparative advantages in these products on this market. The current competition includes, among others, poultry meat, bakery products, wafers and cookies, chocolate, corn, fruit juices, frozen fruit, water and other non-alcoholic drinks, and wheat. At the same time, more than half of Polish exports consisted of products that may become the subject of such competition in the future (currently, only Poland has comparative advantages in the export of these products). These may include, among others, cigarettes, animal feed, fresh or chilled beef, other food products, smoked fish, canned meat, fish fillets, pork, canned fish, and liquid milk and cream. Therefore, Polish food producers face big challenges; the process of post-war reconstruction of Ukraine and its potential integration with the single European market will strengthen the competitive position of Ukrainian food producers in the EU market. The current competitive strategy of Polish producers, based on cost and price advantages, may turn out to be ineffective under these conditions. Therefore, they must look for new sources of competitive advantage that will distinguish Polish products from cheaper Ukrainian ones. Therefore, a strategy of competing on quality may prove effective.

Background: Several studies hypothesized a therapeutic role of probiotics in the management of chronic bacterial prostatitis (CBP) patients. Here, we assessed the effect of probiotics as an add-on treatment in patients with clinical recurrences of CBP, through gut microbiota modification analysis. Methods: This study has been planned as a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicenter clinical trial examining the efficacy and safety of consumption of probiotics containing human Lactobacillus casei DG® or placebo following 1 month-treatment with ciprofloxacin. Twenty-four patients with CBP were recruited and treated for 3 months with placebo (n. 12) or with Lactobacillus Casei DG® (n. 12). During the enrollment and follow-ups, IPSS, NIH-CPSI and SF-36 were used. Urological examinations and microbiological tests were performed to analyze the symptomatology, recurrences frequency, and gut and seminal microbiota. Results: The treatment with Lactobacillus Casei DG® induced a significantly (p&lt;0.01) faster recovery of symptoms (2 days vs. 8 days) than placebo and an increased time free from symptoms (86 days vs. 42 days) without the occurrence of adverse events. In the treatment group, the appearance of Lactobacilli after 30 days (T1) was higher in the probiotic group, and a significant reduction of Corynebacterium, Peptoniphilus, Pseudomonas, Veillonella, Staphylococcus and Streptococcus has been observed. Conclusion: These data suggest that in patients with CBP, the use of Lactobacillus casei DG after an antimicrobial treatment is safe and effective in improving the days free of symptoms and the quality of life.

Netrokona is a district of the Mymensingh division in northern Bangladesh. In this study, we analyze the soil profile in Netrokona Sadar using digital soil mapping and land formation using the satellite image technique. This study also analyzes the soil profile using remote sensing data of 4 different points in selected area. The main focus of the study is analyzing the soil profile for the structural compatibility and environmental impact for that. After analyzing the soil we found that the soil of that area is mainly clay loam and clayey loam and the soil contains low coarse fragement which is 5.6-8% but we need al least 15-30% coarse fragement in the soil. The soil of this area needs good management to improve its drainage and bearing capacity.