A methodology for selecting rational parameters of atmospheric aircrafts at the initial stages of design using an optimization algorithm of differential evolution and numerical mathematical modeling of aerodynamics problems is proposed. The technique involves the implementation of weight and aerodynamic balance in the main flight modes, has the ability to consider atmospheric aircrafts with one or two lifting surfaces, apply parallel calculations and automatically generate a three-dimensional geometric model of aircraft appearance based on the optimization results. A method for accelerating the process of optimizing the parameters of an aircraft in terms of take-off weight by more than three times by introducing a objective function into a set of design variables is proposed and demonstrated. The results of assessing the reliability of the used mathematical models of aerodynamics and the correctness of the calculation the objective function, taking into account various constraints, are presented. A comprehensive test of the performance and efficiency of the methodology is considered by solving demonstration problems to optimize more than ten main design parameters the appearance of two existing heavy-class unmanned aerial vehicles with known characteristics from open sources.

This study introduces an innovative approach to designing membranes capable of separating CO2 from industrial gas streams at higher temperatures. The novel membrane design seeks to leverage the well-researched high-temperature CO2 adsorbent, hydrotalcite, by transforming it into a membrane. This is achieved by combining it with an amorphous organo-silica-based matrix, extending the polymer-based Mixed Matrix Membrane concept to inorganic compounds. Following the membrane material preparation and investigation of the individual membrane in Part 1 of this study, we examine its permeation and selectivity here. The pure 200 nm thick hydrotalcite membrane exhibits Knudsen behavior due to large intercrystalline pores. In contrast, the organo-silica membrane demonstrates a permselectivity of 13.5 and permeance for CO2 of 1.3 107 mol m2 s1 Pa1 at 25°C, at 150°C the good separation behavior is reduced. Combining both components results in a hybrid microstructure, featuring selective surface diffusion in the microporous regions and unselective Knudsen diffusion in the mesoporous regions. Further attempts to bridge both components to form a purely microporous microstructure are outlined.

This study describes the synthesis and characterization of mixed hydrotalcite–organosilica membrane for gas separation. Hydrotalcite exhibits the capability to adsorb carbon dioxide at elevated temperatures. High surface area and favorable coating properties are essential to harness its potential for practical applications. Stable alcohol-based dispersions are needed for thin film applications of mixed membranes containing hydrotalcite. Currently, producing such dispersions without the need for delamination and dispersion agents is a challenging task. This work introduces for the first time a manufacturing approach to overcoming the drawbacks mentioned above. It includes a synthesis of hydrotalcite nanoparticles, followed by agent-free delamination of their layers and final dispersion into alcohol without dispersion agents. Further, the hydrotalcite-derived sorption agent is dispersed in a matrix based on organo-silica gels derived from 1,2-bis(triethoxysilyl)ethane (BTESE). The analytical results indicate that the interconnection between hydrotalcite and BTESE-derived gel occurs via forming a strong hydrogen bonding system between the interlayer species (OH groups, CO32-) of hydrotalcite and oxygen and silanol active gel centers. These findings lay the foundation for applications involving incorporating hydrotalcite-like compounds into silica matrices, ultimately enabling the development of materials with exceptional mass transfer properties. In part 2 of this study, gas separation performance of the organo-silica and the hydrotalcite-like materials and their combined form will be investigated

Terpenes and terpenoids content in cannabis plant was already studied in the past with three used methods. Since these works did not compare the content of these substances under the same conditions, we tried to make this comparison exactly. Three different gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GS/MS) methods - hexane based liquid extraction (Liq), static head-space extraction (HS), and head-space solid phase microextraction (SPME) – were compared to identify volatile compounds in four different cannabis chemotypes - Green fields, Titan chemotype, Black Domina chemotype, and Neptune chemotype. The main compounds focused on were monoterpenes/monoterpenoids and sesquiterpenes/sesquiterpenoids. Extraction with hexane gave comparable results, however the other two methods allowed for the identification of more substances. For the final evaluation of the comparison of the three methods of analysis, extraction with hexane gives comparable results (which is advantageous for quantitative analysis), although the other two methods allowed for the identification of more substances. This means that the same method should be used everywhere for the quantitative evaluation of constituents in cannabis.

Background: The objectives were to evaluate: the safety and immunogenicity of nonavalent human papillomavirus (nHPV) vaccine in adult Spanish women living with HIV (WLHIV); the prevalence of anal and cervical dysplasia and nHPV vaccine genotypes in anus and cervix; and risk factors for high-risk HPV (HR-HPV) infection in anal mucosa. Methods In this single-center, open-arm, non-randomized clinical trial, nHPV vaccine was administered at 0, 2, and 6 months to WLHIV enrolled between February 2020 and November 2023, measuring vaccine antibody titers pre-vaccination and at 2, 6, and 7 months after the first dose. Cervical and anal cytology and HPV PCR genotyping studies were performed. Women with abnormal cytology and/or anal or cervical HPV infection at baseline underwent high-resolution anoscopy and/or colposcopy. Results: 122 participants were included with mean age of 49.6 years: 52.5% smoked; 10.7% had anal-genital condylomatosis; 38.5% infection by HR-HPV in anus and 25.4% in cervix, most frequently HPV-16; 19.1% had AIN1 and 3.1% CIN1 and CIN2. Vaccine administration did not modify viral-immunological status (CD4 [809±226.8 cells/uL vs. 792.35 ±349.95; p=0.357]) or plasma HIV load (3.38±4.41 vs. 1.62±2.55 cop/uL [log]; p=0.125). Anti-HPV antibodies ([IQR: 0-0] vs. 7.63 nm [IQR: 3.46-19.7]; p=0.0001) and seroconversion rate (8.2% vs. 96.7% [p=0.0001]) were increased at 7 versus 0 months. There were no severe vaccine-related adverse reactions; injection-site pain was reported by around half of participants. HR-HPV infection in anus was solely associated with concomitant cervix infection (HR 5.027; 95% CI: 1.009-25.042). Conclusions: nHPV vaccine in adult WLHIV is immunogenic and safe.

Civil construction is one of the oldest known activities in humanity, reports indicate that builders of the Roman Empire already sought the reuse of materials. Currently, considering the depletion of the supply of natural resources, the recycling of solid waste from construction and demolition (CDW), not only provides new products, but also offers ecological and economic alternative. In this context, this research seeks new variables for the disposal of waste from construction and demolition having in the composition of artificial finishing stones an odd possibility to be analyzed. In this research was developed and analyzed a new composite from the construction and demolition waste using as a binder an orthophthalic polyester resin. The residue was sieved and separated by granulometry by the simplex centroid method, the best compacted mixture was determined statically by ANOVA and the Tukey test. The residue was characterized by X-ray fluorescence and the resin by infrared spectroscopy by Fourier transform. Artificial rock plates were produced with 85% residue and 15% resin, by mass, by vibro system, compression and vacuum, later were cut for mechanical, physical and chemical tests. Analysis was performed by scanning electron microscopy of fractured compositions as well as grain sizes. The artificial stone with the best results presented density of 2,256 g/cm3, water absorption of 0.69%, apparent porosity of 1.55%; bending strength of 34.74 MPa and compression of 111.96 MPa; good results in the alterability and thermal tests. In this satisfactory scenario, the use of this waste in the composition of artificial rocks is promising because it directly meets the concept of sustainable development; replacing the concept of end-of-life of the linear economy, by new circular flows of reuse, restoration and renovation, in an integrated process the circular economy; as well as the quality of the final product with properties similar to the artificial rocks already marketed.

This study investigated different conditions for the hydrothermal co-liquefaction (co-HTL) of sugarcane bagasse and residual cooking soybean oil, with and without the presence of ethanol as a cosolvent to maximize the bio-crude yield. All co-HTL reactions were carried out in a 300 mL Parr® reactor at temperatures ranging from 200 to 300 °C. Bio-crude yields of around 95 wt.% were obtained at 300 °C using ethanol and water as solvents. The highest biochar yield (16.6 wt.%) was achieved when using only sugarcane bagasse as substrate, without the presence of soybean oil. Bio-crude samples obtained at higher temperatures (280 °C and 300 °C) using ethanol as a hydrogen donor presented higher contents of both free fatty acids and fatty acid ethyl esters. This work presents a promising process to produce high-quality bio-crude using an abundant feedstock (sugarcane bagasse) in the presence of a lipid source which could cause environmental problems if poorly handled.

Ticks are one of the most dominant forced ectoparasites of vertebrates, belonging to the arthropods, which transmit pathogens such as bacteria, viruses, and parasites to humans and animals in Iran and worldwide. Given that, sex ratio factors can affect the epidemiology of vector-borne diseases, this study aimed to identify and determine the ticks' sex ratio and host type (camels, sheep, cattle, dogs, chickens, and pigeons) in different areas of Tehran province. This descriptive cross-sectional study took samples from different animal body parts in four seasons from 20 villages in 2019, in which 685 hard ticks and 121 soft ticks were caught from 1623 studied livestock and poultry. Regarding sex segregation among all caught ticks, 42.01% were male, and 57.99% were female. It is noteworthy that in both mountain and plain environments, R. sanguineus species of hard ticks had the most elevated sex ratio. Most ticks were collected from sheep hosts with 60.04% and the lowest from cattle hosts with 0.62% in tick infestation.

More than 20 lines of independent evidence from clinical observations, studies in laboratory animal models, pharmacokinetic considerations, and numerous temporal and spatial associations previously indicate that numerous genetic and environmental factors leading to inflammation and oxidative stress confer vulnerability to aberrant metabolism of acetaminophen during early development, leading to autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Contrary to this conclusion, multivariate analyses of cohort data adjusting for inflammation-associated factors have tended to show little to no risk of acetaminophen use for neurodevelopment. To resolve this discrepancy, here we use in-silico methods to create an ideal (virtual) population of 120000 individuals in which 50% of all cases of virtual ASD are induced by oxidative stress-associated cofactors and acetaminophen use. We demonstrate that Cox regression analysis of this ideal data set shows little to no risk of acetaminophen use if cofactors which create aberrant metabolism of acetaminophen are adjusted for in the analysis. Further, under-reporting of acetaminophen use is shown to be a considerable problem for this analysis, leading to large and erroneously low calculated risks of acetaminophen use. In addition, we argue that factors which impart susceptibility to acetaminophen-induced injury, and propensity for acetaminophen use itself, can be shared between the prepartum, peripartum, and postpartum periods, creating additional difficulty in analysis of existing datasets to determine risks of acetaminophen exposure for neurodevelopment during a specific time frame. It is concluded that risks of acetaminophen use for neurodevelopment obtained from multivariate analysis of cohort data depend on underlying assumptions in the analyses, and that other evidence, both abundant and robust, demonstrate the critical role of acetaminophen in the etiology of ASD.

This study explores the role of stakeholder engagement in enhancing supply chain sustainability within the renewable energy sector. Through a qualitative research approach, including in-depth interviews with key stakeholders such as government agencies, industry associations, renewable energy companies, community groups, and environmental organizations, the research reveals the complexity and significance of effective stakeholder engagement. Stakeholders highlighted diverse motivations, including environmental, social, economic, and regulatory concerns, driving their participation. The study underscores the importance of tailored engagement strategies that recognize stakeholder heterogeneity and address specific needs and expectations. Collaborative approaches, such as public-private partnerships and multi-stakeholder initiatives, were identified as crucial for pooling resources, sharing knowledge, and addressing common challenges. However, challenges related to power imbalances, conflicting interests, and communication barriers were also noted. Government policies and regulatory frameworks were found to play a pivotal role in shaping stakeholder engagement practices and sustainability outcomes. Regulatory uncertainty and inconsistency were cited as significant concerns that could undermine sustainability initiatives. Community engagement emerged as a critical factor, with local communities often directly impacted by renewable energy projects. Meaningful engagement, including consultation and benefit-sharing mechanisms, is essential for building trust and securing social acceptance. Emotional intelligence and marketing strategies were recognized as important tools for effective stakeholder engagement, emphasizing the role of empathy, active listening, and clear communication. The findings of this study highlight the need for a holistic and integrated approach to stakeholder engagement and supply chain sustainability in the renewable energy sector. By addressing diverse stakeholder needs, fostering collaboration, and aligning policies with sustainability goals, stakeholders can work together to accelerate the transition towards a more sustainable energy future.

A class of semi-linear elliptic equations with critical Hardy-Sobolev exponent has been considered. This model is widely used in hydrodynamics and glaciology, gas combustion in thermodynamics, quantum field theory and statistical mechanics, as well as gravity balance problems in galaxies. The $\left( PS\right) _{c}$ sequence of energy functional has been investigated, and then the mountain pass lemma was used to prove the existence of at least one nontrivial solution. Also a multiplicity result has been obtained. Some known results have been generalized.

There are clear signs that the COVID-19 pandemic has had a straining impact on the higher education sector in South Africa and the far reaches of the world. This chapter examines (Science, Technology, Engineering, Mathematics) STEM lecturers’ experiences with digital assessments and perspectives on the continuity of digital transformation in the higher education sector in the post-COVID-19 era at one of South Africa’s rural universities. In 2022, a survey of ten (10) lecturers was conducted and the reports were also consulted by four (4) e-learning practitioners to obtain their views on the use of online learning and contact courses in the post-pandemic period. A qualitative research approach was used to understand the puzzling issues faced by STEM lecturers at a previously disadvantaged institution in Limpopo Province. The results of this study show that there is a puzzling conundrum that hinders the integration of effective online learning. Furthermore, online education as the new normal in the post-COVID-19 era seems unattainable due to extremely complex and difficult-to-understand mathematical symbols. Software and tools proved to be limitations in terms of establishing an interactive learning environment for students and lecturers on online learning platforms. Lecturers’ use of learning and teaching platforms deteriorated due to numerous unknown challenges, but also the tightening of COVID-19 restrictions. Furthermore, the results showed that science and mathematics lecturers believe that contact learning remains irreplaceable across generations and eras as some are not technology enthusiasts. This paper recommends that the lack of technological systems as well as technological resistance and reluctance to adopt transformative pedagogy and innovative practices, should not be viewed as a thorny issue to end the dominance of online education in STEM courses. Keywords: connectivism, Learning Management Systems, affordances, technological resistance, Moodle, transformative pedagogy

This paper presents a novel segmentation algorithm specially developed for applications in 3D point clouds with high variability and noise, particularly suitable for heritage building 3D data. The method can be categorized within the segmentation procedures based on edge detection. In addition, it uses a graph-based topo-logical structure generated from the supervoxelization of the 3D point clouds, which is used to make the clo-sure of the edge points and to define the different segments. The algorithm provides a valuable tool for generating results that can be used in subsequent classification tasks and broader computer applications dealing with 3D point clouds. One of the characteristics of this segmentation method is that it is unsupervised, which makes it particularly advantageous for heritage applications where labelled data is scarce. It is also easily adaptable to different edge point detection and supervoxelization algorithms. Finally, the results show that the 3D data can be segmented into different architectural elements, which is important for further classification or recognition. Extensive testing on real data from historic buildings demonstrates the effectiveness of the method. The results show superior performance compared to three other segmentation methods, both globally and in the segmentation of planar and curved zones of historic buildings.

This article critically examines existing wastewater management legislation, highlighting its detrimental impact on environmental and public health. It emphasizes the urgent need for a mentality shift among water managers, advocating responsible stewardship of water resources. By promoting collaboration between regulatory bodies and scientific communities, the article seeks tailored solutions for complex challenges. It underscores the necessity of integrating technological innovation, rigorous monitoring, and public engagement for sustainable management. Additionally, it calls for the implementation of easy-to-adopt technological solutions, alongside rigorous monitoring and financial support. Ultimately, the article advocates for a paradigm shift in wastewater management policies towards accountability, innovation, and environmental sustainability. Directives governing wastewater management in Europe, particularly in Spain, have faced scrutiny due to significant shortcomings. Legislation has inadvertently facilitated untreated or poorly treated wastewater discharge, resulting in widespread pollution. Despite EU efforts, punitive measures have proven ineffective, with fines often borne by the public sector, although private sector responsibility. The lack of robust monitoring mechanisms and technical support exacerbates the situation, perpetuating a regressive mindset among water managers. Urgent reforms are needed to enforce strict discharge prohibitions, promote reuse, and provide financial and technical assistance. However, systemic barriers and entrenched mentalities pose formidable challenges to meaningful change.

: Cytokine storm is usually described as one of the main reasons behind COVID-associated mor-tality. Cytokines are essential protein molecules engaged in immune responses; they play a critical role in protection against infections. However, they also contribute to inflammatory reactions and tissue damage, becoming a double-edged sword in the context of COVID-19. Recent studies have suggested various cytokines and chemokines that play a crucial role in the immune response to SARS-CoV-2 infection. One such cytokine is Interleukin 27 (IL-27), which has been found to be elevated in the blood plasma of patients with COVID-19. Within this study, we will explore the role of IL-27 in immune responses and address our own findings concerning this cytokine in COVID-19. It affects a wide variety of immune cells; regardless of the pathological process it is involved in, IL-27 is critical for upholding the necessary balance between tissue damage and cytotoxicity against in-fectious agents and/or tumors. In COVID-19, it is involved in multiple processes, including antiviral cytotoxicity via CD8+ cells, IgG subclass switching, and even the activation of Tregs.

Knowledge of local plant community characteristics is imperative for practical nature planning and management, and for understanding plant diversity and distribution drivers. Today, retrieving such data is only possible by fieldwork and is hence costly both in time and money. Here we used 9 bands from multispectral high-to-medium resolution (10–60 m) satellite data (Sentinel-2) and machine learning to predict the local vegetation plot characteristics at broad extent (approx. 30.000 km2) in terms of plants’ preferences for soil moisture, soil fertility, and pH, mirroring the levels of the corresponding actual soil factors. These factors are believed to be among the most important for local plant community composition. Our results showed that there are clear links between the Sentinel-2 data and plants abiotic soil preferences and using solely satellite data we achieved predictive powers between 26–59% improving to about 70% when habitat information was included as a predictor. This show that plants abiotic soil preferences can be detected quite well from space, but also that retrieving soil characteristics using satellites is complicated and that perfect detection of soil conditions using remote sensing – if at all possible – needs further methodological and data development.

In this study, using information theory tools, we investigate the quantum degree of mixedness, particle number fluctuations, and temperature variations in the paradigmatic Lipkin model, focusing on the interplay between these factors in a system of many fermions. Our analysis reveals intriguing dependencies of quantum mixedness on the total fermion number, showcasing distinct behaviors at different temperatures. Notably, we find that the degree of quantum mixedness exhibits a strong dependence on the total fermion number, with varying trends observed across different temperature regimes. Remarkably, this dependence remains unaffected by the strength of the fermion-fermion interaction (if it does not vanish, of course), underscoring the robustness of the observed phenomena. Through comprehensive numerical simulations, we provide illustrative graphs that depict these dependencies, offering valuable insights into the fundamental characteristics of many-fermion systems. Our findings shed light on the intricate dynamics of quantum degree of mixedness and particle number fluctuations in fermionic systems, with potential implications for diverse fields ranging from condensed matter physics to quantum information science.

Deploying onshore wind energy as a cornerstone of future global energy systems challenges societies and decision-makers worldwide. Expanding wind energy should contribute to a more sustainable electricity generation without harnessing humans and their environment. Opponents often highlight the negative environmental impacts of wind energy to impede its expansion. This study reviews 152 studies to synthesize, summarize, and discuss critically the current knowledge, research gaps, and mitigation strategies on the environmental impacts of onshore wind energy. The investigated effects comprise impacts on the abiotic and biotic environment, with birds and bats in particular, noise and visual impacts. Effects are discussed in the context of social acceptance, other energy technologies, and wind energy expansion in forests. The review illustrates that many effects are highly case-specific and must be more generalizable. Studies are biased regarding the research focus and areas, needing more standardized research methods and long-term measurements. Most studies focus on the direct mortality of birds and bats at wind farms and are concentrated in Europe and North America. Knowledge gaps persist for many impact categories, and the efficacy of mitigation strategies has yet to be proven. More targeted, unbiased research is required that allows for an objective evaluation of the environmental impacts of wind energy and strategies to mitigate them. Impacts, such as those on biodiversity, need to be addressed in the context of other anthropogenic influences and the benefits of wind energy. This forms the basis for a socially acceptable, efficient, and sustainable expansion of wind energy.

Vinyltriethoxysilane (VTES) was covalently bonded onto graphene oxide. Several methods, including X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction, were used to demonstrate the presence of VTES on the surface of graphene oxide and the creation of this covalent link. Following that, different quantities of the resultant vinyltriethoxysilane functionalized graphene oxide (VTESFGO) were mixed with polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) to form VTESFGO/PVA nanocomposite films (NCFs) with a 3-dimensional network structure. The creation of these NCFs and the presence of a three-dimensional network were confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The three-dimensional network structure provided these NCFs extraordinary characteristics. The mechanical and thermal stability, oxygen transfer rate (OTR), and water resistance pressure (WRP) of the NCFs were investigated. The nanocomposite film (NCF) with the highest weight percentage of VTESFGO (3.0 wt.%) was 47.5% more thermally stable than pure PVA, with an oxygen transmission rate of 0.3 cm3/m2 per day and a water resistance pressure of 780 mm/cm2. However, as the weight percentage of VTESFGO increased, the mechanical strength of the NCFs decreased as a result of silanol self-condensation, resulting in particulate formation, as confirmed by scanning electron microscopy.

In the intricate landscape of software development, the distinction between average and exceptional outcomes often hinges on the approach taken by the engineers involved. This paper explores the core aspects that characterize responsible and professional software engineering, emphasizing the importance of stakeholder engagement, innovative problem-solving, and adherence to standards and best practices. Through detailed real-life examples, we illustrate how professional engineers ensure the creation of robust, efficient, and adaptable software solutions. Additionally, the paper delves into advanced strategies for enhancing database security, including the implementation of Sealed Secrets in Kubernetes environments, continuous improvement, and future enhancements. The goal is to provide a comprehensive understanding of professional software engineering practices and their impact on delivering superior value to projects and organizations.

Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia continues to be associated with significant morbidity and mortality, despite improvements in diagnostics and management. Persistent infections pose a major challenge to clinicians and have been consistently shown to increase the risk of mortality and other infectious complications. S. aureus, while typically not considered an intracellular pathogen, has been proven to utilize an intracellular niche, through several phenotypes including small colony variants, as a means for survival that has been linked to chronic, persistent, and recurrent infections. This intracellular persistence allows for protection from the host immune system and leads to reduced antibiotic efficacy through a variety of mechanisms. These include antimicrobial resistance, tolerance, and/or persistence in S. aureus that contribute to persistent bacteremia. This review will discuss the challenges associated with treating these complicated infections and the various methods that S. aureus uses to persist within the intracellular space.

One of the most prevalent and deadly types of cancer is breast cancer. The value and effectiveness of the current pharmacological therapy are, however, constrained. Using computational methods and publicly available data, the current study set out to identify the genes and molecular pathways linked to breast cancer. It also looked into potential treatments for the disease that would target these molecular processes. In this study, we mined genes that were strongly associated with breast cancer using text mining and GeneCodis. Using STRING and Cytoscape, protein-protein interaction (PPI) study was carried out. Candidate medications were then derived based on the drug-gene interaction study of the final genes. 2,658 genes linked to breast cancer were found by our investigation using text mining searches. Out of which 166 genes have been taken which are relevant to breast cancer. Ten genes representing ten pathways—which a total of ten proteins could target—were found by gene enrichment analysis. We have taken Holy Basil as our lead as it contains various bioactive compounds such as flavonoids, terpenoids, and phenolics, which have shown antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer properties. For this analysis we choose the molecular docking technique to check the effects of different chemical constituents of Holy Tulsi on breast cancer targeted protein and compare their results. We’ve performed the molecular docking in between chemical constituents of Holy Basil and the targeted proteins and determined the binding affinity with the help of PyRx and BIOVIA Discovery studio software. Anti-mitotic activity of Pisum sativum using tulsi extract to check the cytotoxicity effect was done. To determine the toxicity level of the extract on rat liver was performed in the end. In conclusion, investigating candidate medications that target the genes/pathways relevant to breast cancer in order to uncover possible treatments may be accomplished through drug discovery employing in silico text mining and pathway analysis technologies along with the wet lab experimentation with plants and preclinicals.

In the era of the post-quantum Internet of Things (IoT), the implementation of anti-quantum cryptographic algorithms in numerous terminals can successfully defend against prospective quantum computing assaults. Lattice-based cryptography can withstand quantum computing attacks, making it a viable substitute for the currently prevalent classical public-key cryptographic technique. Nevertheless, the algorithm’s significant time complexity will result in a substantial computational burden on the edge computing chip in the IoT terminal. The computation of polynomial multiplication is the most demanding task in lattice-based cryptographic algorithms. Therefore, the investigation into efficient methods for calculating polynomial multiplication is highly important. Quick number theory transformations (NTT) are a widely employed technique to accelerate polynomial multiplication. This study presents a hardware implementation of an efficient number theory transformation. We utilize a multi-level pipeline architecture in the design to accomplish parallel calculations and execute it on a low-profile Artix7-XC7A100T FPGA device. The performance evaluation results demonstrate that our implementation significantly enhances performance and reduces resource usage compared to other existing proposals on the same platform. We suggested NTT core can be implemented in edge computing chips to enhance computational speed due to its small and low-latency design. The experimental results show that the proposed design, which supports both NTT and inverse NTT, achieves 417-Megahertz and consumes only 541-LUTs on Artix-7 XC7A100T.

The study of coherent vortices remains an urgent field of singular optics of vortex beams. In this paper, coherent properties of partially coherent vortex Bessel—Gaussian optical beams propagating through a uniform medium (free space) or a turbulent atmosphere are examined theoretically. The consideration is based on analytical solution of the equation for the transverse second-order mutual coherence function of the field of a partially coherent optical radiation in a turbulent atmosphere. For the partially coherent Bessel—Gaussian beam, the second-order mutual coherence function of the source field is taken as a Gaussian Shell-model. In this approximation, we analyze the behavior of the coherence degree and the integral coherence scale of these beams as a function of the propagation pathlength, propagation conditions, and beam parameters, such as the radius of the Gauss factor of the beam, parameter of the Bessel factor of the beam, topological charge, and correlation width of the source field of partially coherent radiation. In addition, the integral coherence scale of the partially coherent vortex Bessel—Gaussian beam is compared with that of the partially coherent Gaussian beam. It is found that as a partially coherent vortex Bessel—Gaussian beam propagates through a turbulent atmosphere, there appear not two (as might be expected: one due to atmospheric turbulence and another due to partial coherence of the source field), but only one ring dislocation of the coherence degree (due to the simultaneous effect of both these factors on the optical radiation). In addition, it is shown that the dislocation of the coherence degree that affects significantly the beam coherence level is formed only for beams, for which the coherence width of the source field is larger than the diameter of the first Fresnel zone.

Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, is a chronic inflammatory disease, linked to a state oxidative stress, with several well-identified culprits, of which low-density-lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and lipoprotein(a). No specific treatment is currently available to lower lipoprotein(a). It is, therefore, of paramount importance to identify nutritional factors that could lower lipoprotein(a). Growing evidence shows that although reducing saturated fatty acid (SFA) intake decreases LDL-C, it could increase lipoprotein(a). Optimal dietary recommendations may therefore differ depending on an in-dividual’s baseline lipoprotein(a) and LDL-C levels. Assessing the diet-induced true LDL-C response and net balance of these two atherogenic entities is difficult because LDL-C measurement is confounded by lipoprotein(a) cholesterol content. We have estimated, for the first time, the net atherogenic result of diet-induced variations of both LDL-C and lipoprotein(a), thanks to our new concept of LDLapoB risk equivalent=apoB+lp(a)x5 (in nmol/L). This is illustrated, via the rare case of a physician with very high lipoprotein(a) and hypobetalipoproteinemia. She experiences twice a considerable lipoprotein(a) increase (+32%, + 28mg/dL, + 67nmol/L) and higher LDLapoB risk equivalent (138mg/dL versus 123mg/dL) on a mediterranean diet, low in SFA. A reasonable SFA intake, despite causing marginal LDL-C increase, may be advisable in patients with high lipoprotein(a) who need personalized dietary recommendations.

Demand flexibility plays a crucial role in mitigating the intermittency of renewable power sources. This paper focuses on an active distribution grid that incorporates flexible heat and electric demands, specifically Heat Pumps (HPs) and Electric Vehicles (EVs). Additionally, it addresses Photovoltaic (PV) power generation facilities and electrical batteries to enhance demand flexibility. To exploit demand flexibility from both heat and electric demand, along with the integration of PVs and batteries, Control and Communication Mechanisms (CCMs) are formulated. These CCMs integrate demand flexibility into the distribution grids to get economic benefits for private households and at the same time facilitate voltage control. Concerning EVs, the paper discusses voltage-based droop control, scheduled charging, priority charging, and up-/down-power regulation to optimize the charging and discharging operations. For heat demands, the on-off operation of the HPs integrated with Phase Change Material (PCM) storage is optimized to unlock heat-to-power flexibility. The HP controllers aim to ensure as much self-consumption as possible and provide voltage support for the distribution grid while ensuring the thermal comfort of residents. Finally, the developed CCMs are implemented on a small and representative community of active distribution grid with 8 houses using Power Factory software and DigSILENT Simulation Language (DSL). This scalable size of the active distribution network facilitates to carefully study symbiotic interaction among the flexible load, generation, and different houses thoroughly. The simulation results confirm that the integration of flexible demands into the grid using the designed CCMs results in the grid benefiting from stabilized voltage control, especially during peak demand hours.

The study conducts a comparative analysis of solar radiation estimation methods, assessing the efficacy of the Heliosat-2 algorithm against ground measurements across seven distinct countries: Netherlands, Spain, Japan, Namibia, South Africa, Saudi Arabia, and India. To achieve this, it utilizes two distinct satellite data sources—Himawari-8 for Japan and Metosat Second Generation-MSG for the rest of the countries—spanning the years Jan 2022 to April 2024. A robust methodology for determining albedo parameters specific to Heliosat-2 was developed. During cloudy days, the estimates provided by Heliosat-2 generally exceeded the ground measurements in all the countries. Conversely, on clear days, there was a tendency for underestimation, as indicated by the median value of the mean bias (MB) across most of the countries. The Heliosat-2 model slightly underestimates daily radiation values, with a median MB ranging from −27.5 to +10.2 W.m⁻². Notably, the median root mean squared error (RMSE) on clear days is significantly lower, with values ranging from 24.8 to 108.7 W.m⁻², compared to cloudy days where RMSE values lie between 75.3 and 180.2 W.m⁻². In terms of R² values, both satellites show a strong correlation between the estimated and actual values, with a median value consistently above 0.86 on a monthly scale and over 92% of daily data points falling within ±2 standard deviation.

Exergy analysis evaluates the efficiency of system components by quantifying the rate of entropy generation. In general, the exergy destruction rate or irreversibility rate was directly obtained through the exergy-balance equation. However, this method cannot determine the origin of the component's entropy generation rate, which is a very important factor in system design and improvement. In this study, a thorough energy, exergy thermoeconomic analysis of a proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) was performed, providing the heat transfer rate, entropy generation rate and cost loss rate of each component. The irreversibility rate of each component is obtained by the Gouy-Stodolar theorem. Detailed and extensive exergy and thermoeconomic analyses of PEMFC system have determined that water cooling units experience the greatest heat transfer among the components in the studied PEMFC system, resulting in the greatest irreversibility and thus the greatest monetary flow loss.

Permeability is a fundamental property of porous media, especially when studying resin transfer within a dense fibrous medium to manufacture composite materials. When the measurement of permeability tensor of composite reinforcements is difficult and time consuming, especially in thick, heterogeneous fibrous structures, a numerical approach based on the calculation of the tensor components on a 3D image of the material can be very advantageous. A new finite element based method proposed in this study allows solving very high-dimensional flow problems while limiting the biases associated with boundary conditions and the small size of the numerical samples addressed. The method is validated against academic test cases and against the results of a recent permeability benchmark exercise. The results emphasize that for heterogeneous and anisotropic microstructures, it is important to perform calculations on large samples using boundary conditions that do not suppress the transverse flows that occur when flow is forced out of the principal directions. Since these are not necessarily known in complex media, the permeability determination method must not introduce bias by generating non-physical flows.

The present work reports the effective method for removal of inorganic and organic pollutants using membranes based on different carbonaceous materials. The membranes were prepared based on cellulose acetate (18 wt. %), polyvinylpyrrolidone as a pore generating agent (2 wt. %) and activated carbon (1 wt.%). Activated carbons were developed from residues after extraction of mushroom Inonotus obliguus using microwave radiation. It has been shown that addition of activated carbon the physical (porosity, equilibrium water content and permeability) and chemical (content of the surface oxygen group) properties of the membranes. The addition of carbon material has a positive effect on the removal of copper ions from their aqueous solutions by the cellulose-carbon composites obtained. Moreover, the membranes were proved to be more effective in removal of copper ions than iron ones and phenol. The membranes were found to show higher effectiveness in copper removal from a solution of the initial concentration 800 mg/L. The most efficient in copper ions removal was the membrane containing urea-enriched activated carbon.

In 2023, residential and commercial sectors together consumed approximately 27.6% of total U.S. energy, equivalent to about 20.6 quadrillion Btu. Factoring in the electrical system energy losses, the residential sector represented approximately 19.7% of total U.S. energy consumption during that time. There were approximately 144 million housing units in the United States in 2023, which is increasing yearly. In this study, information on energy usage in the United States (U.S.) residential sector has been analyzed and then represented as energy intensities to establish benchmark data and to compare energy consumption of varying sizes and locations. First, public sources were identified, and data from these previously published sources were aggregated to determine the energy use of the residential sector within the US. Next, as part of this study, the energy data for seven houses/apartments from five different United States climate zones were collected firsthand. That data was analyzed, and the energy intensity of each home was calculated and then compared with the energy intensities of the other homes in the same states using RECS data. The energy intensity for each facility was calculated based on the actual energy bills. Finally, the study evaluated the carbon footprint associated with residential energy consumption in all 50 states to reinforce the importance of sustainable development initiatives.

In this article, we first defined a stronger form of (r,s)-generalized fuzzy semi-closed sets (briefly, (r,s)-gfsc sets) called (r,s)-g*fsc sets and investigated some of its features. Moreover, we showed that (r,s)-fsc set → (r,s)-g*fsc set → (r,s)-gfsc set, but the converse may not be true. In addition, we explored novel types of fuzzy generalized mappings between double fuzzy topological spaces (U, τ, τ*) and (V, η, η*), and the relationships between these classes of mappings were examined with the help of some illustrative examples. Thereafter, we introduced novel types of higher separation axioms called (r,s)-GFS-regular and (r,s)-GFS-normal spaces with the help of (r,s)-gfsc sets and discussed some topological properties of them. Finally, some novel types of compactness via (r,s)-gfso sets were defined and the relationships between them were introduced.

This study presents a computational simulation to explore the distinctive patterns of neural connectivity in Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), focusing on the concepts of spatial and topological proximities. ASD is characterized by unique cognitive and behavioral profiles, often attributed to atypical neural development and connectivity. Our simulation employs a two-pronged approach: first, by modeling spatial proximity through the generation of clustered 3D node positions, we mimic the observed over-connectivity in localized brain regions in ASD. Second, we construct a topological network to represent the complex interplay of under-connectivity and over-connectivity in functional brain networks, a hallmark of ASD's neural landscape. The spatial model demonstrates pronounced clustering, reflecting the structural brain differences and atypical growth patterns reported in neuroimaging studies of individuals with ASD. In contrast, the topological model reveals a network with a mix of sparse and dense connections, simulating the diverse and often contradictory findings of functional connectivity in ASD, such as reduced long-range connections and increased local connections. Our simulation provides a visual and conceptual framework for understanding the altered neural connectivity in ASD. It underscores the importance of considering both physical (spatial) and functional (topological) aspects of brain connectivity to grasp the full extent of neurodevelopmental deviations in ASD. This approach not only aids in elucidating the neural underpinnings of ASD's core symptoms but also offers a foundation for developing targeted interventions. Future research, integrating more complex and individual-specific data, could further refine this model, enhancing our understanding of ASD's neural dynamics and contributing to personalized therapeutic strategies.

Kombucha is a two-stage fermented sweetened-tea beverage that uses yeast and lactic acid bacteria (LAB) to convert sugars into ethanol and lactate, and acetic acid bacteria (AAB) to oxidize ethanol to acetate. Its popularity as a beverage grew from claims of health-benefits derived from this vibrant microbial bioconversion. While recent studies have shed light on the diversity of cultures during a Kombucha fermentation, there is limited information on the diversity, and especially viability, of cultures in retail beverages that advertise the presence of Kombucha and probiotic cultures. In this study, 12 Kombucha beverages produced by different manufacturers throughout the US were purchased and microbially characterized. Eight of the beverages contained viable Kombucha cultures, while 3 of the remaining 4 had viable Bacillus cultures as added probiotics. Amplicon profiling revealed all contained Kombucha yeast and bacteria cells. The dominant yeast detected were Lachancea cidri (10/12), Brettanomyces (9/12), Malassezia (6/12) and Saccharomyces (5/12). Dominant LAB included Liquorilactobacillus and Oenococcus oeni, and AAB were Komagataeibacter, Gluconobacter and Acetobacter. One beverage had a significant amount of Zymomonas mobilis, an ethanol producing bacterium from Agave cactus. While Kombucha beverages differ in the types and viability of cultures, all except one beverage contained detectable viable cells.

Workers involved in scaffolding erection and dismantling activities are exposed to various physical risk factors. However, no existing study indicates that awkward working postures in scaffolding activities lead to musculoskeletal system disorders (MSDs). This study explores the ergonomic risks intrinsic to scaffolding tasks in refinery construction using the Ovako Working Posture Analysing System (OWAS).In the refinery, the utilized scaffolding encompasses an area of 319674 square meters and a volumetric extent of 603294 cubic meters. Observations were conducted on the postures of 500 scaffolding group workers across 5210 locations within the site, culminating in capturing 2000 photographic records. The mass of each scaffolding component was meticulously determined. After three months of observation, medical records were consulted for further insights. A statistical analysis employing the Pearson correlation technique was conducted to scrutinize the relationship between the ages of the scaffolding workers and the incidence of MSDs, alongside patterns of absenteeism. This analysis elucidated a robust and statistically significant correlation between the age of the workers and the prevalence of MSD associated with their occupational activities.As a result of the results of the OWAS ergonomic risk assessment, a number of regulatory changes were made to the scaffolding workforce, and then medical records were looked over again. This re-evaluation revealed a marked reduction in MSDs. The OWAS method's reliance on simple observational techniques holds substantial merit for its application within construction environments. Our research underscores the exposure of workers engaged in scaffolding tasks within continuous projects, such as refinery construction, to substantial ergonomic risks.

Vegetable oils contain fatty acids, phenolic compounds, natural antioxidants, and fat-soluble vitamins, which are beneficial against different diseases. Oil extraction methods can, however, affect their composition. This study aims to characterize the chemical composition of oils from two Andean seeds, cañihua (Chenopodium pallidicaule) and tarwi (Lupinus mutabilis), extracted with different organic solvents, petroleum ether, hexane, and ethanol. This study compares these oils with commercial sunflower, rapeseed, and olive oils. Results showed that oils extracted with hexane had the highest yield, while those extracted with ethanol had higher antioxidant activity and total phenolic compound content. Additionally, using ethanol makes the process more sustainable than non-green solvents. The composition of tarwi and cañahua oils extracted with ethanol includes fatty acids, tocopherols, antioxidants, and phenolic compounds associated with health benefits.

In bovine embryos, microRNA (miRNA) expression has been profiled at each stage of early development in-vitro. miRNAomic analysis of spent media has the potential to reveal characteristics of embryo health, however, applications are limited without categorizing miRNA profiles by embryo quality. Time-lapse imaging has shown the timing of embryo development in-vitro may be indicative of their developmental potential. The aim of the study was to profile miRNAs in the spent media of slow and fast-growing bovine embryos throughout the pre-implantation period. Bovine cumulus-oocyte-complexes were aspirated from ovaries, fertilized, and cultured to blastocyst stage of development. At 2-cell, 8-cell, and blastocyst stage, each microdrop of 30 presumptive-zygotes were classified as slow or fast-growing based on the percentage of embryos that had reached the desired morphological stage. Following hybridization on a GeneChip miRNA 4.0 array, comparative analysis was conducted between spent media of slow and fast-growing embryos. In total, 34 differentially expressed miRNAs were identified between the comparison groups, with 14 of the miRNAs detected in the 2-cell samples, 7 miRNAs detected in the 8-cell samples, and 12 miRNAs detected in the blastocyst samples. The results demonstrate distinct miRNAs populations can be identified between slow and fast-growing embryos, highlighting novel biomarkers of developmental potential at each stage of pre-implantation development.

This research aimed to determine the most viable locations for establishing solar energy facilities in Yemen through the utilization of the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP), Best-Worst Method (BWM), and Geographic Information System (GIS). A total of twelve key criteria were meticulously selected and evaluated based on their impact on the appropriateness of sites for solar power plants. These criteria were amalgamated using a weighted overlay tool, resulting in a map that classified regions as either optimal, highly suitable, or suitable. The findings of the study indicated that the eastern, southern, and northern parts of Yemen are prime candidates for solar energy installations due to their moderate climate and flat topography. On the other hand, the western regions were deemed less favorable. The breakdown of site classifications revealed that 38% of areas were optimal, 61% were highly suitable, and only 1% were considered suitable, based on the assigned weights from the AHP and BWM methodologies. Moreover, a sensitivity analysis was carried out to evaluate the impact of adjusting the weights of Global Horizontal Irradiance (GHI) and slope on site classifications. A minor increase in the weights of GHI (from 30% to 31%) and slope (from 10% to 11%) resulted in a significant alteration in the suitability categories, highlighting the importance of weight adjustments in multi-criteria decision-making processes. In conclusion, the study emphasizes the effectiveness of AHP, BWM, and GIS in assessing site suitability for solar energy facilities, as well as the significance of sensitivity analyses. These approaches provide valuable insights for decision-makers, aiding in strategic planning and fostering sustainable energy development in Yemen.

Keywords: standing water bodies, glacial lakes, freshwater biodiversity, eutrophication; nature conservation network

Wearable antennas are increasingly vital in modern healthcare, facilitating continuous monitoring and communication for medical purposes. These antennas are integrated into wearable devices, allowing for the transmission and reception of vital health data, such as heart rate, body temperature, and blood pressure, to medical professionals or monitoring systems in real time. This instantaneous data transmission enables timely interventions, thus improving the quality of healthcare services. This review aims to comprehensively synthesize recent research from reputable databases, focusing on the functionality and effectiveness of wearable antennas in medical applications. The primary objectives of each study were categorized, including antenna design and integration, the performance of medical wearable antenna technology, safety considerations in wearable antenna biomedicine, and the use of antennas in clinical applications and their impact. This synthesis provides valuable insights for researchers and practitioners aiming to develop and deploy wearable antennas in medical settings, ultimately enhancing healthcare delivery and patient outcomes.

Incremental control strategies provide undeniable advantages for controlling Uncrewed Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) due to their reduced model dependency and accurate tracking capacities. This is of particular relevance for hybrid UAVs, specially for tail-sitters, which perform complex manoeuvres when transitioning to and from aerodynamic flight. This paper summarizes the research undertaken in the application of the Incremental Nonlinear Dynamics Inversion (INDI) and Incremental Backstepping (IBKS) to a small tail-sitter UAV. After the application of these control strategies in a simulated scenario, the implementation in a Micro-Controller Unit was validated in a Hardware-in-the-Loop scenario. Following such validation, indoor experimental trials were undertaken in order to evaluate the capacity of these controllers to stabilize and control the real aircraft. The stabilization in the flight trials was successfully implemented and allow to conclude that both INDI and IBKS are control strategies suited to control a tail-sitter in vertical flight, providing accurate tracking capabilities under smooth actuation. Furthermore, it was found that the IBKS is significantly more computationally demanding than the INDI, although having a global proof of stability that is of interest in aircraft control.

Conifer bark beetles (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) are major agents of natural disturbance in temperate forests of the northern hemisphere, capable of killing billions of trees in native forests. The dynamics of these insect populations are influenced by climatic variability. To understand such a relationship, it is necessary to monitor the population fluctuation of the species present over time. In this regard, the objective of the present study was to determine the species community of the genus Dendroctonus, the population fluctuation throughout the months of the year, and the effects of relative humidity, temperature, and precipitation on the fluctuation, at three sites of mixed forests in the Municipality of Bocoyna, Chihuahua, in northern Mexico. For insect monitoring, we used Lindgren funnel traps (with 8 funnels each) baited with semiochemicals. Every two weeks, and during 2 years, we collected, identified, and counted the insects. The identification of the species was based on the external morphology and characteristics of the male seminal rod. Temperature and relative humidity were measured using climate data loggers (HOBOs). We found six Dendroctonus species. We also determined the population fluctuation patterns of D. mexicanus Hopkins, D. frontalis Zimmermann, and D. brevicomis LeConte, species with the highest number of captures at each site. Additionally, the relationship between species abundance and climatic variables was determined. The variable that significantly influenced (P<0.05) abundance was temperature. Relative humidity and precipitation variables did not show a significant relationship (P>0.05).

: Despite the elevated heat flow known in the Western part of the South Slave Region (Northwest Territories, Canada), a continuous and equilibrium geothermal gradient was never measured in boreholes below the communities where geothermal energy could be developed. This paper aims to predict the geothermal gradient and assess the Earth’s natural heat flow below the communities of Fort Providence, Kakisa, Hay River, and Enterprise. Temperatures from drill-stem test and bottom well logs were corrected for drilling disturbance and paleoclimates. Thermal conductivity and heat generation rate of the geological formations were determined from the literature and with new laboratory measurements. 1D models were developed to evaluate subsurface temperature through the sedimentary formations, based on a thermostratigraphic assessment. Results indicate a geothermal gradient varying from 44.1 ± 10.6 °C km-1 to 59.1 ± 14.9 °C km-1 and heat flow varying from 105.5 mW m-2 to 160.2 mW m-2 below the communities. These estimates are in agreement with the equilibrium geothermal gradients measured in the Cameron Hills, south of the four communities, and used to verify our predictions. Hay River appears to be the most promising community with the highest geothermal gradient estimated to be 59.1 ± 14.9 °C km-1.

Ultra-wide field optical coherence tomography (UWF-OCT) has been recently introduced into clinical ophthalmological practice. To date, there is little data on the reference values of retinal thickness (RT) and choroidal thickness (CT) measured with this technique. This study aimed to analyze the variance of RT and CT in healthy eyes with UWF-OCT tests performed with the largest available scan size of 23 x 20 mm. The data were analyzed with reference to the patients' age, gender, and the axial length of the eyeball. The results of UWF-OCT scanning enabled us to picture the shape of the retina and choroid in a large portion of the eyeball. Both anatomical entities become significantly thinner at the periphery. The peripheral CT is greater in the upper and temporal sectors; the RT is higher in the nasal compared to the temporal sectors. Both choroid and retina lose thickness with age, however, CT and RT do not show a statistically significant correlation with the axial length after adjusting for age and gender. Age-related variations in thickness are especially prominent in the choroid. The CT in UWF-OCT testing is significantly greater in females while the RT is greater in males. UWF-OCT testing provides additional information on the anatomical structure of the retina and choroid compared to standard-field OCT

Investments in small and medium-sized anaerobic digestion facilities have the potential to boost biogas production in Greece and other EU countries. This study aimed to evaluate the economic feasibility of anaerobic digestion facilities equipped with combined heat and power (CHP) units ranging from 50 to 400 kW, while treating livestock waste. For this purpose, data were gathered from various livestock operations (dairy cattle, poultry, swine, dairy sheep and goat) regarding their annual production, revenues, electricity and fuel usage, and waste generation. Waste samples were then collected and analyzed to assess their biochemical methane production potential. The capital and operational costs of anaerobic digestion facilities, from 50 and 400 kW, were calculated using the equations developed within the “eMT cluster” project. Findings indicate that current feed-in tariffs (FIT) of 0.21 € kWh-1 are insufficient to incentivize investment in anaerobic digestion facilities with capacities below 250 kW, highlighting the need for increased FIT rates or capital expenditure subsidies. Recommendations include shifting towards simplified technology and business models with reduced farmer involvement, coupled with supportive legislative framework and long-term electricity price guarantees. These measures are expected to foster the implementation of anaerobic digestion projects in the animal husbandry sector.

The space exploration landscape has transformed dramatically over the past several decades, with a significant rise in the number of annual launches. Key factors driving this increase include technological advancements, the miniaturization of satellites, and the surge in commercial satellite deployments for communication, Earth observation, and remote sensing. This paper examines the evolution of space activities from the launch of Sputnik 1 in 1957 to recent developments in commercial spaceflight and international collaborations. The paper discusses notable milestones in space exploration history, including early space missions, Apollo Moon landings, and the development of space stations like the International Space Station. It highlights the shift from state-led space programs to a more diverse landscape, characterized by private sector involvement and international partnerships. The "Space 4.0" phase, beginning around 2006, has seen the entry of commercial players like SpaceX, leading to a significant upsurge in orbital launches. Statistical data reveals an upward trend in launch activity, with over 200 launches in 2023 alone, driven by large satellite constellations like SpaceX's Starlink and the steady growth of China's space program. The increasing launch rate poses challenges such as space debris, emphasizing the need for mitigation strategies. Looking ahead, the paper projects a continued increase in launch activity, with over 150 launches expected annually by 2026 and 200-300 launches by 2040. Commercial space ventures, deep space exploration, lunar activities, and space tourism drive this growth. The paper concludes by emphasizing the importance of addressing space debris and promoting the long-term sustainability of space activities, which is crucial as humanity's presence in space continues to expand.

Background and Objectives: Medulloblastoma is the most common malignant brain tumor in children. In recent decades, the therapeutic landscape has undergone significant changes, with stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) emerging as a promising treatment for recurrent cases. Our study provides a comprehensive analysis of the long-term efficacy and safety of SRS in recurrent medulloblastomas across both pediatric and adult patients at a single institution. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the clinical and radiological records of patients who underwent CyberKnife SRS for recurrent cranial medulloblastomas at our institution between 1998 and 2023. Follow-up data were available for 15 medulloblastomas in 10 patients. The cohort comprised 8 pediatric patients (ages 3-18) and 2 adult patients (ages 19-75). Median age at the time of SRS was 13 years, median tumor volume accounted for 1.9 cc, median biologically equivalent dose (BED) was 126 Gy, and single-fraction equivalent dose (SFED) was 18 Gy. The SRS was administered at 75% of the median isodose line. Results: Following a median follow-up of 39 months (range: 6-78), 53.3% of the medulloblastomas progressed, 13.3% regressed, and 33.3% remained stable. The 3-year local tumor control (LTC) rate for all medulloblastomas was 65%, with lower rates observed in the adult cohort (50%) and higher rates in pediatric patients (67%). The 3-year overall survival (OS) rate was 70%, with significantly higher rates in pediatric patients (75%) compared to adult patients (50%). The 3-year progression-free survival (PFS) rate was 58.3%, with higher rates in pediatric patients (60%) compared to adult patients (50%). Two pediatric patients developed radiation-induced edema, while two adult patients experienced radiation necrosis at the latest follow-up, with both adult patients passing away. Conclusion: Our study provides a complex perspective on the efficacy and safety of CyberKnife SRS in treating recurrent cranial medulloblastomas across pediatric and adult populations. The rarity of adverse radiation events (ARE) underscores the safety profile of SRS, reinforcing its role in enhancing treatment outcomes. The intricacies of symptomatic outcomes, intertwined with factors such as age, tumor location, and prior surgeries, emphasize the need for personalized treatment approaches. Our findings underscore the imperative for ongoing research and the development of more refined treatment strategies for recurrent medulloblastomas. Given the observed disparities in treatment outcomes, a more meticulous tailoring of treatment approaches becomes crucial.

In recent years, the potential of insects has been explored as a sustainable protein alternative to sustain the growing world population. Differences in the way insects are processed can affect their proximate composition and digestibility. This work studies the effects of the combination of different types of slaughter methods and drying temperatures on the proximate composition, organic matter digestibility (OMd), hydrolysis degree (DH/NH2 and DH/100 g DM), total hydrolysis (TH) and hygienic sanitary study of BSFL (black soldier fly larvae). Four types of slaughter methods were used: frozen (F), blanched + frozen (B), Melacide® + frozen (M) and liquid nitrogen (N), each with three drying temperatures (50, 70 and 90 °C). A negative correlation between acid detergent fibre (ADF) and protein digestibility parameters was obtained. 70 °C was the most suitable drying temperature, as it reported higher values of protein digestibility (DH, TH), resulting in hygienic and sanitary conditions suitable for food use. Slaughtering with liquid nitrogen and blanching were more convenient than traditional freezing or the use of Melacide® to achieve higher protein digestibility results.

Ensuring precise segmentation of colorectal polyps holds critical importance in the early diagnosis and treatment of colorectal cancer. Nevertheless, existing deep learning-based segmentation methods are fully-supervised, requiring extensive precise manual pixel-level annotation data, which leads to high annotation costs. Additionally, it remains challenging to train large-scale segmentation models when confronted with limited colonoscopy data. To address these issues, we introduce the general segmentation foundation model—Segment Anything Model (SAM) into the field of medical image segmentation. Fine-tuning the foundation model is an effective approach to tackle sample scarcity. However, current SAM fine-tuning techniques still rely on precise annotations. To overcome this limitation, we propose WSPoly-SAM, a novel weakly-supervised approach for colonoscopy polyp segmentation. WSPoly-SAM utilizes weak annotations to guide SAM in generating segmentation masks, which are then treated as pseudo-labels to guide the fine-tuning of SAM, thereby reducing the dependence on precise annotations data. To improve the reliability and accuracy of pseudo-labels, we have designed a series of enhancement strategies to improve the quality of pseudo-labels and mitigate the negative impact of low-quality pseudo-labels. Experimental results on five medical image datasets demonstrate that WSPoly-SAM outperforms current fully-supervised mainstream polyp segmentation networks on the Kvasir-SEG, ColonDB, CVC-300, and ETIS datasets. Furthermore, by using different amounts of training data in weakly-supervised and fully-supervised experiments, it is found that weakly-supervised fine-tuning can save 70% to 73% of annotation time costs compared to fully-supervised fine-tuning. This study provides a new perspective on the combination of weakly-supervised learning and SAM models, significantly reducing annotation time and offering insights for further development in the field of colonoscopy polyp segmentation.

Panax notoginseng (Burk.) F. H. Chen, a valuable Chinese herb in Yunnan Province, is susceptible to leaf spot caused by Boeremia linicola. Nonetheless, effective control methods against leaf spot in P. notoginseng are lacking. We surveyed understorey P. notoginseng bases in Lincang, Lancang, and Xundian, with incidence rate reaching 80% and an average disease index of 25 in severe cases. We found that pathogenic bacteria overwinter in infected leaves and soil, with conidia and conidiophores serving as the primary infection source. The strain B. linicola LYB-2 showed the best growth at 20°C and pH 5.0. We also screened control agents using the plate and face-off culture methods. Tetramycin exhibited 38.56–74.67% inhibition with an EC50 of 0.60 mg/L. Copper abietate showed 3.10–34.76% inhibition with an EC50 of 3,120.05 mg/L. Trichoderma atroviride and T. harzianum exhibited inhibition rates of 52.48% and 44.19%, respectively, while Bacillus subtilis reached 78.45%. Field tests demonstrated significant control effects with 20% copper abresinate, B. subtilis, T. virenceae BH-10 preparation, and 0.3% tetramycin, achieving 82.57%, 72.56%, 71.3%, and 70.2% inhibition, respectively. These findings support their eco-friendly use for preventing and controlling leaf spot disease in P. notoginseng forests; we provide vital scientific evidence for disease prediction and green control strategies.

Ti17 alloy is mainly used to manufacture aero-engine discs due to its excellent properties such as high strength, toughness and hardenability. It is often subjected to creep-fatigue cyclic loading in service environments. Shakedown theory describes the state in which the accumulated plastic strain of the material stabilizes after several cycles of cyclic loading, without affecting its initial function and leading to failure. This theory includes three behaviors: elastic shakedown, plastic shakedown, and ratcheting. In this paper, the creep-fatigue tests (CF) were conducted on Ti17 alloy at 300℃ to study its shakedown behavior under creep-fatigue cyclic loading. Based on the plasticity-creep superposition model, a theory model that accurately describes the shakedown behavior of Ti17 alloy was constructed, and ABAQUS finite element software was used to validate the accuracy of the model. TEM analysis was performed to observe the micro-mechanisms of shakedown in Ti17 alloy. The results reveal that the Ti17 alloy specimens exhibit plastic shakedown behavior after three cycles of creep-fatigue loading. The established finite element model can effectively predict the plastic shakedown process of Ti17 alloy, with a relative error between the experimental and simulation results within 4%. TEM results reveal that anelastic recovery controlled by dislocation bending and back stress hardening caused by inhomogeneous deformation are the main mechanisms for the plastic shakedown behavior of Ti17 alloy.

This study explores the potential of Eisenia fetida (Savigny) in vermicompost production within vermipits during winter months in the Rampur region of Uttar Pradesh, India. The vermipits were inoculated with 0.33 kg of E. fetida per pit, against the recommended rate of inoculation for assessment of real-time potential of earthworm on seasonal and regional grounds. The results revealed a significant increase in earthworm population, with three times production (4.1 kg) of the inoculated number (1.0 kg). The productivity dynamics of compost vs E. feida revealed a notable threefold and fourfold effectiveness, respectively. This dual advantage signifies the success of composting process, with the increased worm population indicating enhanced decomposition. The study attributes the combination of regional and edaphic factors viz., sandy loam soil with high humus content and good water passage, facilitating earthworm survival, reproduction and decomposition of agricultural waste. The loose and perforated soil structure allowed easy penetration of earthworms, transforming the soil into fertile compost. The research emphasizes the importance of soil moisture of semi-arid ecosystems thus highlighting the seasonal significance governing earthworm activity. The study provides insights into the mechanical ability of earthworms, its sensitivity to soil compaction and the influence of high hydration of the region. Inoculation during the winter period indicates increased earthworm activity setting the stage for enhanced compost production in the upcoming hot periods of summer months. The findings suggest that optimizing vermicomposting practices with altered feeding stocks, could further improvise compost and earthworm production and productivity in subsequent seasons. The study contributes for sustainable utilization of E. fetida in composting, its regional and seasonal efficacy turns trash to treasure for enhanced agricultural efficacy.

Household waste is the primary source of environmental pollution due to global population growth compared to other sources of waste. This research aims to develop a smart and integrated household waste management system framework. The resulting framework not only focuses on dimensions of information technology but also links it with other integrated dimensions. This research attempts to conduct a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-analysis (PRISMA) protocol to produce a smart and integrated household waste management framework. The framework's design is carried out by identifying the type of household waste management process based on the Integrated Sustainable Waste Management (ISWM) framework, dimensions that support smart household waste management, and stakeholders involved. The SLR results, namely dimensions and subdimensions that support the framework of a smart and integrated household waste management system, were validated by a resource person from the Indonesian Ministry of Environment and Forestry. The smart and integrated household waste management framework that has been developed in this research contains five main dimensions: Information Technology, Operational Infrastructure, Governance, Economy, and Social-culture. This framework also addresses stakeholder engagement to support smart household waste management systems and identifies waste management processes based on the ISWM framework. This research uses the PRISMA technique to provide a framework for smart and integrated household waste management systems in the initial stage. The proposed framework has been validated and can be further developed as a smart and integrated household waste management system. This research also contributes to the involvement of various dimensions identified to deal with waste problems.

This research aims to explore factors that influence sustainable music learning system from psychological perspective, and innovatively constructs a combination of qualitative and quantitative approaches. For first time, combines nonlinear system and identifies relevant factors affecting music learning by establishing data system for questionnaire answering and a quantitative model for actual academic performance. Existing research mainly looks at several factors that affect fragmented music learning system from perspective of teachers' teaching rules, emphasizing phased teaching state and learning goals of teachers as main body, thus ignoring music learning students, who are a large group of music learning objects. The research fills gap in this type of research object, focusing on sustainable music learning system from emotional perspective and students who occupy a dominant position in music learning, so as to more accurately explore impact of their emotional influencing factors on music learning system. The most prominent innovation of this study lies in construction of stochastic nonlinear system for psychological influencing factors of student music learning and a quantitative model for actual learning effect. Through analysis of nonlinear system, weight values of several negative emotions on music learning system are obtained. The comprehensive impact of emotional factors and practical learning on music learning system can be obtained by weighting them together.

The Ayers Rock of Australia which is known for its charming colors at different time is actually the Celestial Body Ring of the planet Earth that implies the great Celestial Body Love happened on Earth long long ago. The Tasmania island of Australia which is known for the World Heart is actually in the state of face to face with the main island of Australia, which implies the image spokesperson for the inner core (the heart) of the planet Earth. In other words, with the outline of the main island of Australia, the basic key information of the inner core of the planet Earth could be easily obtained by deducing logically, just like the similarity between the fists and heart of human body. Similar to the mechanism of the blood circulation dominated by the heart of human body, it is dominated and motivated by the inner core of the Earth which forms the circulation of mantle magma between the crust and the inner core, and what leads to the formation of expanding and active area on the equatorial and middle-lower latitude area and the silent and convergent area on the North and South Pole central area. Therefore, the mantle magma whirlpools under the crust on the North and South Pole are supposed to exist logically. The walking sideways of the crabs just implies the celestial body language of the motive trend of the main island of Australia based on their similar outline.

Background: The pathophysiology of functional dyspepsia (FD) remains insufficiently understood, and the pain and economic constraints associated with endoscopic examinations hinder the precise definition and treatment of this disorder. Exploring the potential of multi-omics biomarkers for FD could yield promising targets for effectively diagnosing and treating this condition. Methods: We recruited 54 FD patients and 29 healthy volunteers and characterized their gut microbiota by shotgun metagenomic sequencing and their serum and urine metabolites by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS). Results: We identified the changes in circulating metabolites associated with FD and linked to the gut microbial alterations. Among the differential circulating metabolites, we particularly highlighted the strong association of L-glutamate deficiency with the severity of FD symptoms and its strong predictive value for FD. Although no significant changes were noted in the gut microbial community structure of the FD samples, this might be attributed to symptom overlap between epigastric pain syndrome (EPS) and postprandial distress syndrome (PDS). However, significant alterations in the abundance of certain species were observed, including a substantial increase in the abundance of Streptococcus in the digestive tract of patients with FD. Finally, a cross-omics correlation network integrating metabolomic data with microbial community abundance was established, uncovering potential host-microbe-metabolite interactions. Conclusions: This work provides the first comprehensive description of the disrupted state of blood and urine metabolite composition and gut microbiota in patients with FD. These findings potentially offer promising targets for the diagnosis and treatment of this condition through a multi-omics approach, with particular emphasis on serum metabolomics.

It’s well known that existing horizontal well drilling and hydraulic fracturing technology that is used to achieve large-scale cost-effective production from immature to low-moderate maturity continental shale in China, where the organic matter mainly exists in the solid form is fairly ineffective. To overcome the obstacles, in-situ conversion technology seems feasible, while implementing it in the target layer along with estimating the amount of expected recoverable hydrocarbon in such shale formations seems difficult. This is because there is no guideline to choose the most appropriate method and select relevant key parameters for this purpose. Hence, based on thermal simulation experiments during the in-situ conversion of crude oil from the Triassic Chang 73 Formation in the Ordos Basin and the Cretaceous Nenjiang Formation in the Songliao Basin, this deficiency in knowledge was addressed. First, relationships between the in-situ converted total organic carbon (TOC) content and the vitrinite reflectance (Ro) of the shales and between the residual oil volume and the hydrocarbon yield was established. Second, the yields of residual oil and in-situ converted hydrocarbon were measured, revealing their sensitivity to fluid pressure and crude oil density. In addition, a model was proposed to estimate the amount of in-situ converted hydrocarbon based on the TOC, hydrocarbon generation potential, Ro, residual oil volume, fluid pressure, and crude oil density. Finally, a method was established to determine key parameters on the final hydrocarbon yield from immature to low-moderate maturity organic material during in-situ conversion in shales. Following the procedure outlined in this paper, estimated recoverable in-situ converted oil in the shales of the Nenjiang Formation in the Songliao Basin was estimated to be approximately 292×108 tons, along with 18.5×1012 cubic meters of natural gas, in an area of approximately 8×104 square kilometers. Collectively, the method developed in this study is independent from the organic matter type and other geological and/or petrophysical properties of the formation and can be applied to other areas globally where there isn’t any available in-situ conversion thermal simulation experimental data.

The microbiome is capable of modulating the bioavailability of chemotherapy drugs mainly due to metabolizing these agents. Multiple cytostatic bacterial metabolites were recently identified that have cytostatic properties on cancer cells. In this study we addressed the question whether the cytostatic bacterial metabolites (cadaverine, indolepropionic acid, indoxylsulfate) can interfere with the cytostatic effects of the chemotherapy agents used in the management of breast cancer (doxorubicin, gemcitabine, irinotecan, methotrexate, rucaparib, 5-fluorouracil, paclitaxel). The chemotherapy drugs were applied in a wide concentration range to which a bacterial metabolite was added in a concentration within its serum reference range and the effects on cell proliferation were assessed. There was no interference between doxorubicin, gemcitabine, irinotecan, methotrexate, rucaparib and the bacterial metabolites. Nevertheless, cadaverine increased the Hill coefficient of the inhibitory curve of 5-fluorouracil and indolepropionic acid increased the IC50 value of 5-fluorouracil that are either disadvantageous effects or effects of unknown significance. Nevertheless, indolepropionic acid decreased the IC50 value of paclitaxel that is a potentially advantageous combination.

This study aimed to investigates obesity-related glomerulopathy (ORG) at cellular, structural, and transcriptomic levels. Thirty Wistar rats were randomized into two groups: control (n=15) and study groups (n=15) that were fed a standard (SD) and high-fat diet (HFD), respectively. After 10 weeks, the weight, kidney function, histological features, and transcriptomic changes were assessed. HFD group exhibited increased weight gain (55.8% vs 29.2%; P< 0.001) and albuminuria (10384.04 ng/ml vs 5845.45 ng/ml; P<0.001) compared to controls. The HFD group exhibited early stages of ORG lesions, with a predominance of mesangial matrix increase and podocyte hypertrophy (PH). These lesions correlated with differentially expressed (DE) genes and miRNAs. Functional analysis showed that four DE miRNAs in the kidneys of the HFD group negatively regulated the PTEN gene, which promotes podocyte endocytosis of lipids in ORG. Among these four miRNAs, miR-205 was upregulated in the urine of the HFD group. HFD-fed Wistar rats developed early stages of ORG, with a specific targetome of miRNAs and gene expression. The upregulation of miR-205 in the kidney and its isolation in urine are associated with lipid endocytosis in podocytes, which could become a plausible biomarker of the early stages of ORG and lead to future therapeutic research.

The intricate architecture of dendritic arborization is fundamental to the formation and functionality of neural networks, serving as the primary site for synaptic integration and signal propagation. This study presents a pioneering computational model that simulates dendritic growth dynamics, employing exponential and logarithmic scaling over an extended developmental period of 720 days. This model offers a valuable tool for investigating the implications of diverse dendritic growth patterns on neural development, synaptic connectivity, and ultimately, cognitive functions. The computational framework incorporates biologically plausible parameters, allowing for the systematic exploration of dendritic branching patterns and their potential impact on neuronal information processing. By simulating exponential and logarithmic growth scales, the model captures the inherent complexity and diversity of dendritic morphologies observed in various neuronal populations across different brain regions. The findings from this study hold significant implications for our understanding of neural circuit assembly, synaptic integration, and the potential functional consequences of aberrant dendritic growth patterns observed in neurodevelopmental disorders. Furthermore, the model's ability to simulate extended developmental trajectories over a prolonged period of 720 days offers insights into the dynamic interplay between dendritic growth and synaptic pruning, which is crucial for the refinement and optimization of neural networks.

This is a study on fractals existing in music. The application case is the composition DIAPHONIES of Michael Paouris. Sliding-window fractal analysis indicate areas of continuous fractality dipped in non-fractal areas of possibly deterministic and stochastic nature. Diverging cases of pronounced non-fractal areas are addressed and also areas of mixed fractality and non-fractality. Many segments exhibit persistency-P (2

To facilitate the promotion and application of the whole process engineering consulting (WPEC) model, the transmission mechanism of influencing factors in WPEC's promotion and application is investigated. It identifies and categorizes the influencing factors within the framework of "external environment-project factors-stakeholders", systematically organizing and summarizing ten primary categories and thirty-eight secondary influencing factors of WPEC's promotion and ap-plication. Utilizing the complex network analysis method, a network of influencing factors in the promotion and application of WPEC is constructed. The network is then converted into three binary networks based on weight, which are subjected to structural analysis and motif analysis. On this basis, the transmission mechanism of influencing factors in WPEC's promotion and applica-tion and its causations are explored.

The Model-View-Controller (MVC) architecture, a cornerstone of modern software engineering, offers a robust framework for developing dynamic user interfaces. This paper conducts a broad analysis of MVC’s deployment across various sectors, emphasizing its critical role in technological advancement and market integration. By examining implementation strategies in web development, mobile applications, and enterprise solutions, the study illustrates how MVC enhances application manageability, promotes efficient code reuse, and facilitates parallel development. The paper explores the adoption of MVC principles within major technologies such as Java, .NET, and JavaScript frameworks, underlining its widespread acceptance. Additionally, the analysis covers the preferential use of MVC frameworks within diverse market sectors including technology enterprises, educational institutions, e-commerce, and financial services, which leverage MVC for superior data management and user experience. Emerging trends such as the shift towards the Model-View-ViewModel (MVVM) architecture and the integration of MVC with artificial intelligence and machine learning technologies are also discussed. This comprehensive review not only reaffirms MVC’s enduring relevance but also its adaptive evolution in response to emerging technological demands and market needs.

Introduction: intraocular pressure (IOP) measurement is an essential part glaucoma’s diagnosis and follow-up. Goldmann applanation tonometry (GAT) is the gold standard for IOP measurement but it’s affected by many factors like central corneal thickness (CCT). Racial differences in CCT are reported but the Syrian population was never studied. Research design and methods: 57 subjects with 114 eyes visiting Damascus hospital were examined and 100 eyes were included. IOP was measured using GAT and CCT was measured using OCULUS Pentacam AXL Corneal Topography, demographic data and history of ocular surgery, systemic co-morbidities and history of medications were collected. IOP values were corrected for CCT. Results: 56% were males, the mean age was 48.1. 24% of subjects had hypertension. Males had higher CCT with 557.23± 25.33 compared with 531.34 ± 41.88 for females. There was a moderately positive correlation between CCT and IOP (r=0.232, p-0.02), CCT and IOP values were linearly correlated (ANOVA, p=0.02). Conclusions: This study showed that the correlation between CCT and IOP is present in the Syrian population. Males had a slightly thicker corneas than females and CCT didn’t significantly change with age.

This study aimed to evaluate a cantilever beam-type piezoelectric energy harvester operating on train-induced vibrations for powering Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) used in railway track monitoring systems. The harvester's behaviors under different conditions are simulated in MATLAB using the analytical model. Natural frequency, maximum deflection, and stress were calculated with greater precision using eigenfrequency and stationary analysis using COMSOL Multiphysics. At a base excitation of 2 g and a resonant frequency of 4.38 Hz, the simulated results showed that the developed energy harvester prototype could generate up to 14 V of AC output voltage and 550 mW of output power. These findings highlight the promising potential of the proposed energy harvester for transforming train mechanical energy into electrical power. This energy harvester's viability and dependability for real-world applications in monitoring railway tracks are supported by developed analytical and simulation models.

There is significant need for development of a new environmentally friendly, extraction-free sample collection medium that can effectively preserve and protect genetic material for point-of-care, and/or self-collection, home-collection, and mail-back testing. Systematic Evolution of Ligands by Exponential Enrichment (SELEX) was used to create anti-ribonuclease (RNase) Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) aptamers against purified RNase A conjugated to paramagnetic carboxylated beads. Following 8 rounds of SELEX carried out under various stringency conditions, e.g., selection using Xtract-Free™ (XF) specimen collection medium, and elevated ambient temperature of 28 ºC, a panel of 5 aptamers was chosen following bioinformatic analysis using next-generation sequencing. The efficacy of aptamer inactivation of RNase was assessed by monitoring Ribonucleic acid (RNA) integrity by fluorometric and real-time RT-PCR analysis. Inclusion of aptamers in reaction incubations resulted in an 8,800 to 11,200-fold reduction of RNase activity, i.e., digestion of viral RNA compared to control. Thus, anti-RNase aptamers integrated into XF collection medium as well as other commercial reagents and kits have great potential for ensuring quality intact RNA for subsequent genomic analysis.

Goat milk's medicinal properties and potential cosmetic and health benefits have prompted extensive scientific investigation into its therapeutic applications, particularly for human skin conditions like eczema and psoriasis. Genetic factors, including genes such as lactoferrin (LTF), lysozyme (LYZ), and β-casein (CSN2), play a crucial role in shaping milk composition and its effects on skin health. This review explores the utilization of genomic tools to elucidate the genomic profiles of dairy goat breeds and the medicinal properties of goat milk, particularly in addressing key skin diseases. Genetic determinants of milk composition, quality, nutritional quality, and functional properties such as the growth hormone receptor (GHR), butyrophilin (BTN1A1) and lactoglobulin (LGB) genes, facilitating targeted breeding strategies to enhance the production of bioactive compounds with dermatological relevance have been identified. Future genomic approaches should aim at exploring goat milk's immunomodulatory, antimicrobial, and antioxidant activities, offering potential applications in skin care formulations for managing inflammatory skin conditions. Furthermore, the integration of genomic data with functional studies can provide valuable insights into the therapeutic effects of goat’s milk and its derivatives in addressing skin diseases.

Soil secondary salinization has seriously affected the greenhouse vegetable production in China. To improve the secondary salinization greenhouse soil and enhance the soil physical-chemical properties in an eco-environmental way, different organic amendments (straw, straw biochar, Trichoderma bio-organic manure, commercial organic manure) were applied using pot experiment for 60 day to comprehensively screen the optimal remediation method. In this study, soil nutrient condition and salt movement were assessed, and predictive models using multi-linear regression (MLR) and Random Forest (RF) were developed to estimate soil salinization parameters. The findings indicated a significant decrease in soil salt content following the application of organic materials compared to the control treatment. Specifically, the addition of straw at a rate of 250g/kg resulted in a 59.38% reduction in soil salt levels after 60 days (P < 0.05). Furthermore, the main salt ions exhibited dynamic changes over the course of the experiment, with reductions observed in Na+, Ca2+, Cl-, and NO3- content under the 250 g/kg straw treatment by 83.63%, 74.67%, 63.26%, 59.07%, respectively, compared to CK (P < 0.05). In addition, the SO42- content under 125 g/kg commercial organic manure amendment reduced by 48.94%, respectively (P < 0.05). Contrary to expectations, the addition of organic materials significantly increased the levels of total nutrients (N/P/K) and available potassium (AK) and phosphorus (AP) in the soil. Specifically, the addition of straw at a rate of 250 g/kg resulted in increases of 18.02%-87.38% in total potassium (TK), 66.67%-200% in total phosphorus (TP), and 142.87%-367.8% in AK after a period of sixty days (P < 0.05). Ultimately, the treatment involving the addition of 250 g/kg of straw demonstrated the most pronounced impact on the physical and chemical properties of the soil. The random forest method shows promise in accurately predicting soil salt and soil sodium adsorption ratio (SAR)indicators, thereby providing a valuable tool for estimating soil properties.

Density is a crucial parameter for quantitatively describing the physical properties of liquids. It serves as an important indicator for scientific research, production process control, pipeline transportation, and other aspects. In oil pipeline transportation and raw material processing, real-time online measurement of liquid density is of great significance. This paper analyzes the working principle of an on-line vibrating tube densitometer and derives the fitting equation for temperature, pressure, and density；it also conducts experiments with an on-line vibrating tube liquid densitometer and establishes a traceability chain for the experimental device. The experimental setup includes a desktop densitometer system, a multi-temperature field constant temperature stirring system, a walk-in constant temperature box, an automatic blowing system, and a frequency acquisition and calculation system. The uncertainty of the device's evaluation is U= 0.08kg/m3, k=2.The experimental research on the on-line vibrating tube liquid densitometer can be carried out within the range of (650~1400) kg/m3, (10~70)℃, (0~50)bar the metrological performance of the vibrating tube densitometer can be researched by utilizing the straight tube type and the elbow type on-line vibrating tube densitometer. A preliminary study was conducted on the effects of different densities, temperatures, and pressures on the vibrating tube system's vibration cycle. The fit coefficient and error were calculated, and the experimental results were compared to the theoretical analysis to confirm the device's conformity. The study verified the device's scientific and reasonable design, and demonstrated that it is feasible to use the device for follow-up research.

Many cities are increasingly adopting blue-green infrastructure (BGI) to bolster resilience against environmental challenges. Beyond its well-acknowledged environmental benefits, the role of BGI in enhancing social resilience is becoming an equally important area of focus. However, the integration of BGI to foster social resilience presents complexities, stemming from the evolving and occasionally ambiguous definition of social resilience. Considering the broad application of BGI across various disciplines makes the evaluation of social resilience within a BGI framework complex. Consequently, a structured approach to develop a clear framework tailored to understanding and measuring social resilience in a BGI setting is needed. This study consolidates various existing frameworks of social resilience, especially utilizing the detailed 5S framework proposed by Saja et al. [1]. It integrates findings from an extensive review of literature on social resilience to develop a novel conceptual framework, the BGI Social Resilience Framework. This new framework specifically aims to capture the distinct social aspects and advantages associated with BGI. The BGI Social Resilience Framework is organized into a three-tier model focusing on four critical aspects of social resilience—social values, social capital, social structure, and social equity—and explores how these aspects are interconnected. Characteristics and indicators are customized to accomodate the BGI context in a way that integrates the physical and human dimensions within a comprehensive approach to measurement that uses a combination of qualitative and quantitative methods. Specifically, this research formulates a theoretical framework for BGI with the aim of investigating BGI strategies and viewpoints that bolster social resilience. The BGI Social Resilience Framework takes into account the varied demographics and the physical characteristics of urban areas to explore ways to create BGI spaces that are more inclusive and contribute to the enhancement of social resilience.

Turbidity stands as a crucial indicator for assessing water quality, and while turbidity sensors exist their high cost prohibit their extensive use. In this paper, we introduce an innovative turbidity sensor, and it is the first low-cost turbidity sensor which is designed specifically for long-term stormwater in-field monitoring. Its low cost ($23.50 USD), enables the implementation of high spatial resolution monitoring schemes. The sensor design is available under open hardware and open-source licences, and the 3D-printed sensor housing is free to modify based on different monitoring purposes and ambient conditions. The sensor was tested both in the laboratory and in the field. The laboratory results show a strong linear relationship (R2 > 0.99) between the sensor readings and the commercial hand-held turbidimeter (Thermo Scientific AQ4500) results of the solution. In the field, the low-cost sensor measurements were statistically significantly correlated (p < 0.01) to a standard high-cost commercial turbidity sensor (GreenSpan TS-1000). Biofouling and drifting issues were also analysed after the sensors were deployed in the field for more than 6 months, showing both biofouling and drift occur during monitoring. Nonetheless, in terms of maintenance requirements, the low-cost sensor exhibited similar needs compared to the Green-Span sensor.

This work presents preliminary experimental results advancing non-destructive testing methods for detecting steel bars in concrete structures via contactless investigation in the X-band spectrum. The study reveals the field’s penetration into concrete, extracting insights into embedded bars through scattered data. Applying a quasi-quadratic inverse scattering technique to numerically simulated data yields promising results, confirming the effectiveness and reliability of the proposed approach. In this realm, using a higher frequency allows the use of lighter equipment and smaller antennas. Identified areas for improvement include accounting for antenna behavior and establishing undeformed target morphology and precise orientation. Transitioning from powder-based and sand specimens to real solid reinforced concrete structures is expected to alleviate laboratory challenges. Although accurately determining concrete properties such as relative permittivity and conductivity is essential, it remains beyond the scope of this study. Finally, overcoming these challenges could significantly enhance non-invasive testing, improving structural health monitoring and disaster prevention.

Species of the genus Drosophila have served as favorite models in speciation studies; however, genetic factors of interspecific reproductive incompatibility are underinvestigated. Here we performed the analysis of hybrid female sterility by crossing Drosophila melanogaster females and Drosophila simulans males. Using transcriptomic data analysis, molecular, cellular, and genetic approaches, we analyzed differential gene expression, transposable element (TE) activity, piRNA biogenesis, and functional defects of oogenesis in hybrids. Premature germline stem cell loss was the most prominent defect of oogenesis in hybrid ovaries. Due to the differential expression of genes encoding piRNA pathway components, rhino and deadlock, the functional RDCmel complex in hybrid ovaries was not assembled. However, the activity of the RDCsim complex was maintained in hybrids, independent of the genomic origin of piRNA clusters. Despite the identification of a cohort of overexpressed TEs in hybrid ovaries, we found no evidence that their activity can be considered the main cause of hybrid sterility. We revealed a complicated pattern of Vasa protein expression in the hybrid germline, including partial AT-chX piRNA targeting of the vasasim allele and a significant zygotic delay in vasamel expression. We arrived at the conclusion that the hybrid sterility phenotype was caused by intricate multi-locus differences between the species.

We describe a new approach for integrating multiple views of data into a common latent space using non-negative tensor factorization (NTF). This approach, which we refer to as the "Integrated Sources Model" (ISM), consists of two main steps: embedding and analysis. In the embedding step, each view is transformed into a matrix with common non-negative components. In the analysis step, the transformed views are combined into a tensor and decomposed using NTF. Noteworthy, ISM can be extended to process multi-view data sets with missing views. We illustrate the new approach using two examples: the UCI digit dataset and a public cell type gene signatures dataset, to show that multi-view clustering of digits or marker genes by their respective cell type is better achieved with ISM than with other latent space approaches. We also show how the non-negativity and sparsity of the ISM model components enable straightforward interpretations, in contrast to latent factors of mixed signs. Finally, we present potential applications to single-cell multi-omics and spatial mapping, including spatial imaging and spatial transcriptomics, and computational biology, which are currently under evaluation. ISM relies on state-of-the-art algorithms invoked via a simple workflow implemented in a Jupyter Python notebook.

It has been proposed that procedures which up-regulate mitochondrial biogenesis and autophagy by replacing damaged mitochondria with healthy ones, may prevent the development of several heart diseases. A member of serine and threonine kinases, AMPK, could play essential roles in the autophagy and/or mitophagy. AMPK is widely distributed in various cells, which might play diverse regulatory roles in different tissues and/or organs. In fact, changes in the kinase function of AMPK due to alteration of activity have been linked with diverse pathologies including cardiac disorders. AMPK can regulate mitochondrial biogenesis via PGC1α signaling and also improve oxidative mitochondrial metabolism through inhibition of mTOR pathway, which may also modulate the autophagy/mitophagy through ULK1 and/or TGF-β signaling. Therefore, the modulation of AMPK in autophagy/mitophagy pathway might be considered as a therapeutic tactic for several cardiac disorders. As kinases are amongst the most controllable proteins, in general, the design of small molecules targeting kinases might be an eye-catching avenue to modulate the cardiac function. Some analyses of the molecular biology underlying mitophagy suggests that nutraceuticals and/or drugs including specific AMPK modulator as well as physical exercise and/or dietary restriction that could modulate AMPK may be useful against several heart diseases. In particular, some nutraceutical regimens may have encouraging potential for controlling some of cardiac disorders.

The paper analyses the unused urban spaces in concert with the creative city idea. The research issues are developed as follows. 1. The unused urban places express the city's unsustainability since every urban space has the potential to become such a dead zone. 2. The concept of the creative city covers different creative activities in concert with sustainable development. 3. The unusable urban places result from a modernistic approach that neglects the cultural context, of the city's division into functional zones ignoring integral living intentions and industrial exploitation in the previous city's rims. 4. The Vilnius Sport Palace is an unused space not so much due to the lack of interest, but due to a knot of interests, which politicians cannot cut. The research raises the question of whether the problem of the VSP can be solved by using the idea of the creative city. In terms of the theoretical approach, a comparative analysis is used. Besides literature analyses, the case study is applied. Additionally, the semiotic approach is used. For this purpose, two of Greimas' traditional semiotic squares in combination with Ricoeur's idea of the interpretation's conflict are applied.

Microencapsulation by atomization can be used to minimize the loss of bioactive compounds, improving the characteristics and applicability of the powdered product. This study evaluates the effect of different encapsulating agents (maltodextrin, gum arabic, and chitosan) and three spray nozzle diameters (1.0, 1.2, and 1.5 mm) on the atomization of guavira (Campomanesia adamantium) pulp with added 6% bocaiuva (Acrocomia aculeata) dehydrated pulp in the green maturation stage. The experiment followed a simplex-centroid mixed design, with carrier agent concentrations and spray nozzle diameters as independent variables and powder yield, solubility, hygroscopicity, and vitamin C content as dependent variables. The results show that gum arabica increased powder yield and vitamin C retention. The addition of maltodextrin resulted in powders with increased solubility and low hygroscopicity. Furthermore, the optimization tool indicated that the best process conditions were achieved with the addition of gum arabic (10.8%) and chitosan (7.2%), resulting in powders with 29.48% yield, 82.96% solubility, 15.90% hygroscopicity and 741.11 mg/100g vitamin C. Furthermore, the 1.0 mm diameter spray nozzle was considered the most suitable for obtaining guavira pulp microparticles with higher ascorbic acid content.

Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs), a groundbreaking advancement in cancer therapy, synergistically combine the precision of monoclonal antibodies with the potent destruction capabilities of cytotoxic drugs, signifying a new era in the targeted oncological treatments. This comprehensive paper delves into the evolving field of antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) and their pivotal role in cancer therapy. We have conducted an in-depth exploration of the structural components of ADCs, including target antigens, monoclonal antibodies, chemical linkers, and cytotoxic payloads, each playing a crucial role in determining the efficacy and safety profile of these novel therapies. A detailed market analysis reveals the leading pharmaceutical companies shaping the ADC landscape, reflecting the growing interest and potential in this therapeutic approach. We further dissect the engineering intricacies of ADCs, focusing on their ability to target specific cancer cell antigens while minimizing off-target effects, thus offering a more focused treatment with reduced systemic side effects compared to traditional chemotherapy. This approach holds promise in a heightened therapeutic index and decreased toxicity. The mechanisms and effector functions of ADCs are explored, highlight- ing their multifaceted strategy in combating cancer. We include a comprehensive look at how ADCs operate from initial blood circulation to the induction of apoptosis in cancer cells. We also review several key ADCs currently in use or under investigation, offering insights into their unique mechanisms of action, pharmacokinetics, and clinical implications. The discussion extends to drug creation modalities, focusing on innovative conjugation techniques that enhance ADC homogeneity and therapeutic efficacy. In conclusion, the paper underscores the transformative potential of ADCs in the realm of cancer treatment, marking a shift towards more precise and targeted therapeutic approaches. By offering a thorough analysis of ADC technology, this paper sheds light on the prospects of these groundbreaking therapies in the ongoing fight against cancer.

War dominated the royal policies in late Medieval Europe, yet recent historiography has shifted focus to the conflict resolution strategies employed by nonsovereign powers. This essay delves into the escalation of confrontations at sea, distinguishing between legal acts of privateering and criminal acts of piracy. It further compares the conflict mitigation policies of the town ports of Northern Iberia and the duchy of Brittany, highlighting the role of an international arbitration court, the Guild of the Contractation. The analysis concludes that attempts to diminish maritime violence through shortlived bilateral peace agreements were largely unsuccessful, with the more stringent policies of monarchical states taking precedence. Despite this, trade and maritime transport remained crucial for the inhabitants of both regions, who endeavored to surmount the perils of the sea by fostering networks of trust, bolstered by shared institutions for risk management. Nevertheless, these efforts were ultimately eclipsed by the royal policies aimed at extending state jurisdiction over the seas, through the criminalization of certain sea activities, thereby reinforcing the state's control over maritime commerce. The essay underscores the complex interplay between local interests and royal ambitions, illustrating how the latter often subsumed the former in the quest for greater control over maritime resources and trade routes.

Technology can be seen everywhere and has been integrated into our lives.We are always using technology and enjoying the convenience brought by technology. However, physical retailers and e-commerce companies are also gradually adopting advanced technologies. Technology improves the purchasing environment and purchasing experience. Virtual reality and augmented reality have been hotly discussed in recent years. Technology, although virtual reality and augmented reality technology have not yet matured, it can be said that they will in the future It has great development potential. Virtual reality and augmented reality are also beginning to sprout in the retail industry. However, research on the acceptance of the use of virtual reality and augmented reality in the apparel shopping process is still lacking because This study explores how usefulness, ease of use, hedonicity, customer experience, customer engagement and satisfaction. To influence customer loyalty, this study adopted questionnaire survey and convenience sampling methods, and collected a total of 308 valid questionnaires. The analysis method used confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation model to verify the research hypothesis relationship. The results of this study found. Hedonic has a significant impact on customer loyalty, while usefulness, ease of use, customer experience, customer engagement and satisfaction Satisfaction does not have a significant impact on customer loyalty. This study explains the academic contribution of the research results. The practical implications in marketing are put forward, and specific suggestions and directions for future research are given.

The paper primarily demonstrates that the three internal triangles formed by connecting any point on a midsegment with the vertices of a generic triangle satisfy the geometric Proof of the Pythagorean theorem in Euclidean geometry. Moreover, this study elucidates the Pythagorean relationships inherent within three-dimensional geometric constructs resulting from the arrangement of three-dimensional spatial triangles. This geometric relationship, akin to a generalized extension of the Pythagorean theorem, unveils a unique spatial region characterized by this harmonious area interrelation among triangles.

Background:Fontan completion is the last stage of univentricular repair, which drains the inferior vena cava against gravity to a higher-pressure pulmonary arterial circulation. The passivity and anti-gravity nature of this circulation render a failing Fontan, not an uncommon encounter, twenty years ago, Rodefeld and colleagues, decided to explore the feasibility of vascular pumps to support the passive nature of Fontan circulation, and since then, trials are still ongoing, and we aimed through this review to wrap up the results of these trials. Methods:A literature review has been conducted, to identify any in vivo or in vitro trial of a Fontan assist device. Several outcome parameters determined whether the trial will be included or not in this review, including, the flow rate of a pump if applicable, the number of compressions per minute if a compression device has been used, the resultant flow rate, the inferior and superior vena cava pressures, associated with each setting of the respective device, and any evidence of hemolysis or clotting within the circuit. Results:A total of ten trials have been included, with 23 different settings. Three designs have been identified, out of which two fall within the pump design, namely the connecting chamber and the intravascular pump designs; only one trial explored the possible use of a compression device. The commonest design encountered in in-vivo trials was the intravascular pump (67%). No reports of significant hemolysis or thrombosis were found. An increasing flow rate beyond 5L/min was associated with a negative outcome in the connecting chamber design, increasing upstream pressure in the SVC, while intravascular pumps did not display this limitation. Conclusion:Univentricular heart patients are a relatively small population, with very extensive needs, despite twenty years of trials, no study has yet concluded the optimal design or settings for a Fontan assist device. In this review, we identified that the intravascular pump remains the most practical design, due to its easy mode of insertion, and that it is not faced with the limitation or risk of increasing upstream resistance. There is still a long way to conclude its use as other designs such as compression devices have not yet been fully studied.

Introduction: Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular diseases (CVD), leading to elevated mortality rates among patients. We aimed to evaluate the levels of cardio-ankle vascular index (CAVI), global longitudinal strain (GLS), ventricular-arterial coupling (VAC) and high-sensitivity cardiac troponin (hsTn), in SLE patients and to explore their relationship with clinical parameters. Methods: This cross-sectional study enrolled 82 SLE patients without evident cardiac or kidney impairment and 41 age- and sex matched healthy controls. We comparatively evaluated CAVI, GLS, VAC, and hsTn between SLE patients and controls, and we assessed their association among SLE patients with disease activity based on the SELENA-SLEDAI Activity Index. Multivariate regression analysis was performed to identify independent predictors of CAVI and hsTn within the SLE cohort. Results: In comparison to healthy controls, SLE patients presented with significantly higher CAVI, GLS and hsTn levels, while VAC was significantly reduced (p&lt;0.001). Further, SLE patients with active disease (SELENA-SLEDAI≥4) exhibited higher levels of CAVI and troponin than those with inactive disease (p&lt;0.001). SLEDAI was an independent predictor of CAVI, while VAC and SLEDAI were independent determinants of hsTn in SLE cohort. Conclusion: SLE patients displayed abnormal levels of CAVI, VAC, GLS, and troponin compared to healthy individuals. Our findings implicate the potential of those CV novel CVD risk factors to refine screening and therapeutic strategies for this specific population.

Cultural routes are a composite set of heritage, referring to any ancient routes of human communication. As one of the key products of cultural tourism, they providing visitors with a rich cultural experience across regions. We systematically review reports and studies related to the tourism development of 38 cultural routes cases around the world, with a special focus on their distribution, typology, planning patterns and tools for cultural tourism. We summarized eight tools, there are some differences in how often these eight tools are used by the different types of routes and different planning patterns for routes tourism. The study also made an evaluation system based on the conservation principles of cultural routes to find out how different tools of tourism affect the conservation and development of the historical region. It was found that although many efforts have been made by tourism decision-makers to protect and develop cultural routes there are still many problems and challenges in the process of tourism development along cultural routes. We close the paper by making a few recommendations for decision makers and researchers concerning future routes’ tourism planning and study.

One of the main factors that influence the fertility of cattle in grazing systems in hot tropical climates is heat stress. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of season, breed, hormonal and physiological condition on the quantity and quality of cumulus-oocyte complexes (COCs) and embryos produced in vitro, from Romosinuano (RM) and Tropical Milking (TM) donors. Three ovum pick-up and in vitro fertilization (OPU-IVF) were performed, one per season; hot dry (HD; 10, 10), hot humid (HH; 9, 9) and fresh dry (FD; 7, 10) in RM and LT donors. Serum levels of cortisol, insulin and glucose were measured, in addition to heart rate (HR), respiratory rate (RR) and rectal temperature (RT). Effect of season x genotype interaction (p≤0.05) was observed in all COCs variables and only in cleavage embryos (CLI) (p≤0.05). Body weight (BW) affected all COCs variables (p≤0.01), except unviable (UNV) although affected degenerated embryos (DEG) (p≤0.01) and total blastocysts (BLAST) (p≤0.01). Cow age only affected viable COCs (VIAB) (p ≤ 0.05), code one blastocysts (BC1) and BLAST (p≤0.01). Cortisol affected total COCs (COCsT), VIAB and total matured in vitro (TMIV) (p≤0.01), as well as CLI, BC1 (p≤0.01) and BLAST (p≤0.05). Insulin affected COCsT (p≤0.01), UNV (p≤0.05), denuded oocytes (DE) (p≤0.01), BC1 and code two blastocysts (BC2) (p≤0.01). Glucose affected all COCs variables (p≤0.01), except UNV and all embryo variables except BC2. HR affected COCsT, DE, TMIV (p≤0.01), CLI, BLAST and DEG (p≤0.05). RR affected COCsT, UNV, VIAB, CLI (p≤0.05), BC1, BLAST and DEG (p≤0.01). RT only affected DE, VIAB (p≤0.01) and BLAST (p≤0.05). The seasonal climatic year variation of Veracruz and changes in physiological and hormonal variables have diverse effects on the cumulus-oocyte complexes and embryos produced by RM and TM donors.

As the global transition towards renewable energy accelerates, the integration of grid-scale energy storage systems has become increasingly critical for stabilizing energy supply and enhancing grid reliability. Among various storage technologies, lithium-ion batteries stand out for their high energy density, scalability, and relatively low environmental impact. This study investigates the performance and longevity of lithium-ion batteries in grid-scale applications, focusing on the impact of operational parameters such as cycling frequency, depth of discharge, temperature fluctuations, and charging/discharging rates. Employing a mixed-methods approach, we combined quantitative analysis of performance metrics (cycle life, capacity fade, efficiency) with qualitative assessments from case studies of existing grid-scale projects. Our findings reveal that while lithium-ion batteries exhibit robust performance in grid-scale storage, their longevity and efficiency are significantly influenced by operational conditions. Specifically, temperature management and optimized cycling strategies were identified as key factors in mitigating degradation and extending battery life. This research provides a comprehensive understanding of lithium-ion battery behavior in grid-scale environments, offering valuable insights for the design, optimization, and management of energy storage systems. By addressing the challenges of battery performance and longevity, our study contributes to the development of more sustainable and reliable grid storage solutions, facilitating the broader adoption of renewable energy sources.

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disorder characterized by the deficiency of insulin production and is one of the concerning health problems worldwide, especially in developing countries. Considering the systemic toxicity associated with current antidiabetic medications and their limited efficacy, there is an urgent need to discover new plant-based natural antidiabetics. Since time immemorial, medicinal plants have played an important role in the management of health disorders. In recent years, herbal medicine has experienced exponential growth in popularity worldwide, owing to its natural origin and fewer side effects, appealing to both developing and developed nations. Ecuador has a rich cultural history in ethnobotany that plays a crucial role in their people's lives. Several Ecuadorian medicinal plants have hypoglycemic or an-ti-hyperglycemic properties that are rich with bioactive phytochemicals. These medicinal plants were extensively used in traditional medicine preparation in Ecuador for many decades to treat diabetes because of their cost-effectiveness, available traditional knowledge, and low toxicity. Many Ecuadorian medicinal plants are reported to have antidiabetic properties that reduce blood sugar levels, and oxidative stress, regulate intestinal function, improve insulin resistance, inhibit α-amylase and α-glucosidase, lower gluconeogenic enzymes, stimulate glucose uptake mechanisms, and play an important role in glucose and lipid metabolism, yet there is a substantial lack of integrated approach between the existing ethnomedicinal practice and pharmacological research. Therefore, this review aims to discuss and explore the traditional medicinal plants used in Ecuador for treating DM and their bioactive phytochemicals, which are mainly responsible for their anti-diabetic properties.

This study investigates the impact of rotor spacing on the aerodynamic performance of a coaxialcopter. It has been observed that a small distance between two rotors can result in significant interaction between the propellers, consequently affecting the rotor's aerodynamic efficiency. Exploiting this characteristic, the present research introduces a coaxialcopter with variable rotor spacing. Employing finite element numerical simulations, we assess the aerodynamic behavior of this novel configuration. Through comprehensive measurements and analysis of its aerodynamic performance across varying rotor spacings from 0.1R to 1R, we validate the effectiveness of a rotor spacing control strategy for enhancing takeoff maneuvers. Our numerical simulation results reveal that the performance characteristics of both upper and lower rotor converges toward that of a single rotor as pitch ratio increases, along with the reduce of their thrust fluctuations and aerodynamic performance periodicity. Considering stable power consumption patterns and endurance performance, we analysis the interrelations binding of pitch distance of the rotors, rotational speed, and pitch angle, vis-à-vis the thrust coefficient and power coefficient. Through parameter optimization method, we demonstrate that adjusting rotor spacing offers a practical means to enhance payload capacity without increasing power input, thereby improving the efficiency, which validates the practicality and efficacy of the parameter optimization approach. Furthermore, optimizing rotor spacing for specific operational scenarios enhances overall aerodynamic performance, suggesting a viable flight control strategy for takeoff and landing conditions.

This study innovatively assesses the Mun River flow components in Thailand, integrating Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) and Isotopic (18O) End-Member Mixing Analysis (IEMMA). It quantifies the contributions of the Upper Mun River (UMR) and Chi River (CR) to the overall flow, revealing a discrepancy in their estimated contributions. ANN predicts the UMR and CR contribute approximately 70.1% and 29.5% respectively, while IEMMA indicates a more pronounced disparity with 84% from UMR and 16% from CR. This divergence highlights the distinct perspectives of ANN, focusing on hydrological data patterns, and IEMMA, emphasizing isotopic signatures. Despite discrepancies, both methods validate UMR as a significant contributor to the overall flow, highlighting their utility in hydrological research. The findings underscore the complexity of river systems and advocate for an integrated approach of river flow analysis for a comprehensive understanding, crucial for effective water resource management and planning.

This study explored the feasibility of fluoride removal from simulated semiconductor industry wastewater and its recovery as calcium fluoride using fluidized bed crystallization. The continuous reactor showed best performance (>90% fluoride removal and >95% crystallization efficiency) at a calcium to fluoride ratio of 0.6 within first 40 days of continuous operation. The resulting particle size increased by more than double during this time along with a 36% increase in the seed bed height indicating deposition of CaF2 onto the silica seed. The SEM-EDX analysis showed the size and shape of the crystals formed along with high amount of Ca-F ions presence. The purity of the CaF2 crystals were determined to be 91.1% though ICP-OES analysis. Following the continuous experiment, different process improvement strategies are explored. The addition of excess amount of calcium resulted in an additional 6% fluoride removal, however, compared to this single stage process, a two-stage approach was found to be better strategy to achieve a low effluent fluoride concentration. The fluoride removal reached 94% with this two-stage approach under optimum condition of 4 + 1 h HRT combinations and a [Ca2+]/[F-] ratio of 0.55 and 0.7 for the two reactors, respectively. CFD simulation showed the impact of inlet diameter, bottom-angle shape and width and height ratio of the reactor on mixing inside reactor and possibility of further improvement in reactor performance by optimizing the FBR configuration.

A novel technique suitable for propulsion of small unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) is discussed in this paper. This approach utilizes the rotational energy of airborne gyro rotors and converts it into translational propulsion for the vehicle. The energy conversion is achieved by generating precisely directed centrifugal force pulses through short-duration rotor unbalances. The accurate control of the timing and magnitude of these unbalances is crucial for successful propulsion generation. Our first-order theory of controlled unbalance propulsion (CUP) predicts the potential for achieving high translational accelerations and vehicle velocities up to orbital levels. Power saving levitation of UAVs can be attained. In this paper, we provide traceable evidence that pulsed centrifugal propulsion is based on well-established laws of physics and can be realized using state-of-the-art technologies.

This research paper focuses on the synthesis and characterization of Cu-doped Mg-Co ferrites with varying compositions (Mg_0.6-xCo_0.4Cu_xFe₂O₄, where x = 0.0, 0.1, 0.2, and 0.3) using a solid-state reaction method. This paper also investigates the structural, morphological, magnetic, and electrical characteristics of synthesized Mg_0.6-xCo_0.4Cu_xFe₂O₄, where x = 0.0, 0.1, 0.2, and 0.3. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) technique confirms the ferrites spinel structure in the Fd-3m space group, with average crystallite sizes ranging from 57.29 to 48.57 nm. Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy verifies chemical and structural changes, while scanning electron microscopy (SEM) reveals cubic crystal growth with an average grain size of 1 to 1.5 μm. DC electrical resistivity decreases with increasing temperature and Cu²⁺ substitution, ranging from 1.4 x 10⁶ Ω-cm to 6.7 x 10⁵ Ω-cm. The study suggests a correlation between resistivity and Cu²⁺ concentration. Magnetic behaviour, studied using a Vibrating Sample Magnetometer (VSM), shows dependence on dopant concentration, with coercivity ranging from 157 Oe to 256 Oe. The results indicate potential applications in magnetic storage devices, antennas, transformers, and high-frequency electronics.

Research topics surrounding the giraffe have been subject to recent disagreement, with work focusing on taxonomy over ecological phenomena such as behavioural thermoregulation. Much interest in taxonomy arises around the existence of distinct local populations of giraffes, often enclosed in small, fenced reserves, preventing natural gene flow. Targeted management of reserves may act as a buffer for declining populations, providing landscape that minimises requirements for thermoregulatory behaviours. Notable behaviours include shade-usage via trees and other giraffes, and positioning of the body towards the sun, employing an individual’s own neck as a shade source. Breeding programmes and translocation of individuals away from large communities on fenced reserves may increase giraffe population numbers across their range; however, the genetic diversity of large populations in enclosed spaces may be called into question. 55 of the 57 giraffes from the population on the Mogalakwena River Reserve (MRR) were observed over eight months, recording thermoregulatory behaviours such as body positioning in response to sun exposure, and shade usage; behaviours both noted in secondary works. These behaviours were compared across identities, such as sex and age, to assess how thermoregulation varies per individual. The population on the MRR spent more time facing the sun during high temperature days, with adults, sub-adults, males, and dark-coated individuals prioritising the behaviour beyond other individuals. Body positioning behaviours of individuals were also found to be more important in thermoregulation than shade-seeking, with shade usage decreasing on hotter days. Positional behaviour, disregarding identity, was also observed across wet and dry seasons, with a clear contrast; giraffes face the sun significantly more during the hotter wet season. The behaviours observed in this work provide an insight into the direction conservational strategies may take on closed reserves. However, further work is required on other reserves with varied population structures, to determine whether one strategy may be implemented across the giraffe's range, or whether specialised strategies are required in individual locations.

In this paper, a class of semi-linear elliptic equations involving Hardy-Sobolev critical exponents has been investigated. This problem comes from the consideration of standing waves in the anisotropic Schr\"{o}dinger equation, also it is very important in the field of hydrodynamics, glaciology, quantum field theory and statistical mechanics. By a detailed estimation for the extremum function and using Mountain Pass Lemma with $\left( PS\right) _{c}$ conditions, the existence of positive solutions has been obtained. On the other hand, by establishing Pohozaev-type identity and using the properties of Bessel function, the nonexistence of positive solution also has been obtained. These results are extensions of E. Jannelli's research (\cite[Theorem 1.A-1.C]{EJ}).

This study explored the incidence of metaphorical virtual classrooms and interactive learning objects in the interaction of students in online mode. The main objective was to analyze how these digital tools, driven by a set of strategies to promote their use, affect the interaction of students in the virtual classroom system and their derived effects. To this end, the latest version of Moodle was implemented in conjunction with gamification plugins and interactive tools in the higher education institution used as a case study. The methodology consisted of data collection through ordinal instruments applied to the teachers and student performance metrics gathered using a plugin developed to extract accurate metrics of each student's usage and performance through direct queries to the Moodle database and its processing through a neural network. This facilitated the collection of standardized data on the actual metrics of each virtual classroom at the end of the teaching of each subject from both the previous LMS and the newly implemented one. This data was then analyzed using advanced statistical techniques, including Mahalanobis distances, confirmatory factor analysis, and the Wilcoxon signed-rank test. These methods provided a compelling comparison between the old and new systems, revealing significant improvements in the metrics and factors evaluated. The results showed a significant improvement in teachers' perceptions of the usability of the virtual classroom system and an increase in students' academic performance, interaction, progress, and time spent learning in virtual contexts. These results provide solid empirical evidence of the added value of these educational tools as effective strategies for improving student interaction, performance, and motivation in online education.

This study examines the complex relation among environmental taxes, productive capacities, urbanization, and their collective effects on environmental quality in Africa, drawing on two decades of data from twenty African countries. It situates the study within the broader discourse on sustainable development and economic growth, emphasizing the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) framework to examine the relationship between economic development, characterized by urban expansion and increased productive capacities, and the adoption of environmental taxes amidst the continent’s diverse economic and environmental environments. Using advanced econometric techniques, including the Cross-Section Augmented Autoregressive Distributed Lag (CS-ARDL) model and the Dynamic Common Correlated Effects Mean Group (DCCEMG) estimator, the study addresses data challenges such as cross-sectional dependence and slope heterogeneity. The results provide important insights into the dynamics of environmental quality in relation to economic and urban growth and the role of environmental taxation. The study proposes tailored policy strategies aimed at strengthening sustainable development initiatives in line with international agreements such as the Paris Agreement and the Sustainable Development Goals. These strategies advocate for a nuanced application of environmental taxes and the promotion of productive capacities to enhance environmental sustainability across the African continent.

This study aims to assess the operational capabilities of disaster and emergency management re-sources (DEMRs), which are pivotal in mitigating risks and minimizing losses amid the increas-ing frequency of disasters. The research constructs an effective operational capability evaluation system for DEMRs, encompassing four key aspects: resource planning, organizational manage-ment capability, resource support capability, and information processing capability. It focuses on identifying the factors that influence the effective operational capability of DEMRs in China and Korea, comparing and analyzing the relative importance and priority of each evaluation domain and indicator within these countries to enhance DEMRs' operational effectiveness. The method-ology involves calculating and ranking the weight of the four domains, with findings indicating that organizational management capability is most significant in China, whereas resource sup-port capability is prioritized in Korea. A comparative analysis of the local weight of indicators within each domain revealed the largest discrepancy between China and Korea in the infor-mation processing capability domain. The study concludes by calculating global weights, identi-fying fast response capability and resource allocation capability as the most impactful factors on DEMRs' operational capability, highlighting their critical role in disaster and emergency man-agement.

Seaweed farming has been growing in prominence in the coastal region of Kwale County, Kenya, as a livelihood led by women since the turn of the century, however the sector remains far below its full productive capacity. As such, this study explores the factors that influence women’s ability to access seaweed farming through engagements with the theories of intersectionality. The Blue Empowerment Project is seeking to upscale seaweed farming in this region to promote women’s empowerment and this study questions the extent to which men should be included in such an endeavour. It finds that several factors may intersect with gender to create varying levels of (dis)advantage amongst women in this region, and that we may need to reframe the conceptualisation of women’s empowerment to be inclusive of men. This study therefore makes a range of recommendations for the BEP, development practitioners in general, and researchers to inform them of how women’s empowerment initiatives may be made more inclusive and transformational.

A labyrinth metamaterial wall with glass coverage is measured in a reverberating chamber and after its installation in a restaurant. Glass is used to meet two aims, namely acoustic absorption and visual design demands. The wall consists of five multiple labyrinth elements of 1.83 m$^2$ each. Glass was taken to make the wall act as a room lightning device where a translucent cover material is needed. Absorption measurements show about four times improved absorption compared to typical glass. Due to the metamaterial behavior, absorption is high in the low-frequency range below 300 Hz where damping is problematic with traditional materials. Especially in this range, the glass metamaterial wall is an excellent compromise between room acoustic and visual design demands, as loud low-frequencies make visitors speak louder and experience less intimacy with additionally reduced speech intelligibility. For mid-frequencies, absorption is shown less effective and improvements are discussed.

At an energy flux imbalance of about 1 W m–2, the ocean is storing 90 % of the heat accumulating by global warming. However, neither the causes nor the responsible geophysical processes are sufficiently well understood. More detailed investigations of the different phenomena contributing to the oceanic energy balance are warranted. Here, the role of low-level marine clouds in the air-sea interaction is analysed. TEOS-10, the International Thermodynamic Equation of State of Seawater – 2010, is exploited for a rigorous thermodynamic description of the climatic trend of the Lifted Condensation Level (LCL) of the marine troposphere. Rising Sea-Surface Temperature (SST) at constant Relative Humidity (RH) is elevating marine clouds, cooling the cloud base and reducing the downward thermal radiation. This LCL feedback effect is negative and counteracting ocean warming. At the current global SST of about 292 K, the net radiative heat flux from the ocean surface to the LCL cloud base is estimated to 24 W m–2. Per degree of SST increase, this net flux is expected to be enhanced by almost 0.5 W m–2. The climatic LCL feedback effect is relevant for the ocean’s energy balance and may thermodynamically rigorously be modelled in terms of TEOS-10 equations. LCL height may serve as a remotely measured, sensitive estimate for sea surface relative fugacity, or conventional relative humidity.