Naphtho[1,8-de][1,2]oxazin-4-ol and its acyl or benzyl derivatives ring open to various 2,8-dihydroxy-1-naphthonitriles, that undergo methylation, reduction, demethylation and debenzylation reactions, to afford the target compound (E)-2-hydroxy-8-methoxy-1-naphthaldehyde. The best overall yield of the latter was 28.7%. This compound was converted to its corresponding (E)-2-hydroxy-8-methoxy-1-naphthaldehyde ox-ime, which was oxidatively o-cyclized with phenyliodine(III) diacetate (PIDA) to 9-methoxynaphtho[1,2-d]isoxazole 2-oxide. The latter in deuterated DMSO, at room temperature, rearranged to its isomer to 2-hydroxy-8-methoxy(naphthalen-1-yl)nitrile oxide. The isomeriza-tion was detected by a time-course plot 1H NMR spectroscopy and further identified from its13C NMR and HRMS spectra. The nitrile oxide was stable in (non)deuterated DMSO for at least 18 hours. A 3,4-bis(2-hydroxy-8-methoxynaphthalen-1-yl)-1,2,5-oxadiazole 2-oxide as a dimeriza-tion product or an isocyanate as a rearrangement isomer were both ruled out, the former by the absence of the relevant molecular ion in its HRMS spectrum while the latter by 1,3-dipolar cy-cloaddition reactions with various dipolarophiles that gave substituted isoxazoles, thus con-firming the nitrile oxide structure.

The aim of the present study, was to evaluate the wild freshwater fish health status using a vast array of biomarkers as predictive factor of pollutant exposure. European eel (Anguilla anguilla) and Brown trout (Salmo trutta fario), resident in rivers with different degree of pollution in the South of Italy (Picentino river with good environmental quality and Tusciano river with low environmental quality), were examined using biometric parameters, histopathological and immunohistochemical biomarkers to evaluate the health status and a possible correlation with the water quality. Several alterations identified in the liver positively correlated with water and soil pollutants were: hemorrhage (P≤0.05), cytoplasmic vacuolization (P≤ 0.01), hemosiderosis (P≤0.05), irregular arrangement of hepatocytes (P≤ 0.01), lipid accumulation (P≤0.05), necrosis (P≤ 0.01), cellular hyperplasia (P≤0.05), leukocyte infiltration (P≤ 0.01) and melanomacrophages centers (MMC) (P≤ 0.01). In the spleen, only hemosiderosis correlated with water and soil pollutants (P≤ 0.05). The inflammatory biomarker tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) and ciclooxigenase 2 (COX2) responded to the environmental pollution, as well as the oxidative stress biomarkers superoxide dismutase (SOD) and 8-Hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG). Erythrocytic nuclear abnormalities and erythrocytic cellular abnormalities were found significantly higher in the blood of both Europen eel (P<0.0001) and Brown trout (P <0.001) in the Tusciano river with respect to the Picentino river. Taken together, these results outline the need to increase the number of suitable biomarkers to assess fish health and reinforce the importance to employ additional biomarkers in biomonitoring programs which can be applied to evaluate the water quality and environmental risk assessment around the world

Product introductions play a pivotal role in the success and competitiveness of manufacturing, particularly in the context of new product development. Low-volume manufacturing companies exhibit distinct characteristics that significantly influence the product introduction process. Notably, the quality of information exchange between product design and production interfaces becomes paramount in this high-mix and low-volume industry. Consequently, there exists a pressing need to explore various methods for adapting and customizing management mechanisms and strategies to align with the unique requirements and characteristics of low-volume manufacturing and its associated product introduction processes. While the need for this knowledge is critical in the context of low-volume manufacturing, a majority of existing studies predominantly focus on the management aspects within high-volume manufacturing. Therefore, the primary aim of this study is to investigate the customization of product introduction management strategies to enhance the quality of information content within the realm of low-volume manufacturing. Drawing upon a longitudinal analysis of new product introductions within a low-volume manufacturing company, this study narratively elucidates how the examined company implemented product introduction management strategies to facilitate the enhancement of information content quality during the product introduction phase. The study presents its findings on management strategies across three key stages: pre-implementation, post-implementation, and subsequent modification and refinement of strategies following the initial round of implementation. By shedding light on these strategies, this study offers a comprehensive understanding of management approaches in the context of low-volume product introduction. As a result, it makes a valuable contribution to the discourse on information management and interface management in the high-mix, low-volume manufacturing literature.

Two-dimensional (2D) semiconductors like Transitional Metal Dichalcogenides (TMDCs) have attracted strong research interest in the last decade. Unlike the more celebrated 2D material graphene, TMDCs like molybdenum disulfide(MoS₂) possess bandgap. The number of layers critically depends on the band structure of MoS₂. For example, it is indirect for bulk MoS₂. However, it becomes direct bandgap material for a monolayer MoS₂. Monolayer MoS₂, therefore, becomes an important material for photoelectronic devices. An essential aspect of such devices is the metal-semiconductor junction. Metal-TMDC junction is, therefore, a well-studied interface due to its importance for 2D materials-based photoelectronic devices. Most importantly, it can be flexible, stretchable to it’s length, and bent to a large angle. We used metals like Au and Al to interface with TMDs like MoS₂. We used silicon and PDMS as substrates. So, we have to focus on investigating the relative properties of various TMDCs. We see change in band energy and vibrational modes via Photoluminiscence and Raman spectroscopy as shown in the article. However, certain aspects are yet to be explored, for example, how this interface behaves in the presence of strain.

Salmonella infection is one of major challenges to the poultry industry because of its pressing effects on health of poultry, food safety and human well-being that later may devastate economic losses to the poultry sector. The paper reviews public health implications and the use of antibiotics together with the risk of drug resistance. In recent years, the usage of probiotics in poultry industry has been growing to mitigate an increasing pressure to adopt sustainable farming practices. The mechanisms which probiotics may control Salmonella and important criteria for selecting effective probiotics in poultry are reported. Various studies highlighting the additional benefits of probiotics in poultry production in addition to Salmonella controls are also included. While probiotics offer promise in enhancing poultry health, challenges and limitations in their utilization must also be carefully considered.

The Chat Generative Pre-training Transformer (GPT), also known as ChatGPT, is a powerful generative AI model that can simulate human-like dialogues across a variety of domains. However, this popularity has attracted the attention of malicious actors who exploit ChatGPT to launch cyberattacks. This paper examines the tactics that adversaries use to leverage ChatGPT in a variety of cyberattacks. Attackers pose as regular users and manipulate ChatGPT’s vulnerability to malicious interactions, particularly in the context of cyber assault. The paper presents illustrative examples of cyberattacks that are possible with ChatGPT and discusses the realm of ChatGPT-fueled cybersecurity threats. The paper also investigates the extent of user awareness of the relationship between ChatGPT and cyberattacks. A survey of 253 participants was conducted, and their responses were measured on a three-point Likert scale. The results provide a comprehensive understanding of how ChatGPT can be used to improve business processes and identify areas for improvement. Over 80% of the participants agreed that cyber criminals use ChatGPT for malicious purposes. This finding underscores the importance of improving the security of this novel model. Organizations must take steps to protect their computational infrastructure. This analysis also highlights opportunities for streamlining processes, improving service quality, and increasing efficiency. Finally, the paper provides recommendations for using ChatGPT in a secure manner, outlining ways to mitigate potential cyberattacks and strengthen defenses against adversaries.

Sweetpotato is an important miscellaneous grain crop in China, which is threatened by a variety of diseases and insect pests in the process of cultivation and production. sweetpotato stem rot is one of the common sweetpotato diseases, which seriously affects the yield and quality of sweetpotato. However, there are few studies on the mechanism of resistance to stem rot in sweetpotato. In this study, transcriptome sequencing analysis was carried out on the samples at different stages (T1, T2, T3) of stem rot pathogen infecting Xushu 48, and 44839 (T1-VS-T2), 81436 (T1-VS-T2) and 61932 (T2-VS-T3) differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were obtained. The DEGs were mainly concentrated in Alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism (ko00250), Carbon fixation in photosynthetic organisms (ko00710) and Amino sugar and nucleotide sugar metabolism (ko00520) and some candidate genes related to plant pathogen infection, such as receptor-like protein kinase (RLK5, RLK7), LRR receptor-like serine/threonine-protein kinase (SERK1), bHLH137, ERF9, MYB73 and NAC053, were screened. The results of this study provide genetic resources for the research on stem rot resistance of sweetpotato and provide theoretical basis for sweetpotato resistance breeding.

Defects in low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) are associated with familial hypercholesterolemia (FH), manifested by atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease. Defective LDLR in hepatocytes leads to increased blood cholesterol level that damage vascular cells, especially endothelial cells, through oxidative stress and inflammation. However, the distinctions between endothelial cells from individuals with normal and defective LDLR are not yet fully comprehended. In this study, we obtained and examined endothelial derivatives of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC) generated previously from conditionally healthy donors and compound heterozygous FH patients carrying pathogenic LDLR alleles. In normal iPSC-derived endothelial cells (iPSC-EC), we detected the LDLR protein predominantly in its mature form, while iPSC-EC from patients with FH display reduced level of mature LDLR and show abolished low-density lipoprotein uptake. RNA-seq of iPSC-EC with mutant LDLR revealed a unique transcriptome profile comprising downregulated genes related to monocarboxylic acid transport, exocytosis and cell adhesion, as well as upregulated signaling pathways of cell secretion and leukocyte activation. Overall, these findings suggest that LDLR defects increases susceptibility of endothelial cells to inflammation and oxidative stress. This, combined with elevated extrinsic cholesterol levels, may result in accelerated endothelial dysfunction, contributing to early progression of atherosclerosis and other cardiovascular pathologies related to FH.

In the present study, bivalent nanovaccines of S. iniae and F. covae were administered by immersion vaccination at 30 and 40 days after hatching (DAH), and the third vaccination was orally administered by feeding at 50 DAH. Five different groups were designed: group 1 was set as the control group, and groups 2-4 were vaccinated using the same protocols. ELISA revealed that the levels of total IgM and specific IgM to S. iniae, and F. covae were significantly elevated in groups 2-4 at 10, 20, and 30 days after vaccination (DAV). A qRT‒PCR analysis of immune-related genes revealed significantly higher IgT expression in the vaccinated groups compared with the control group, as revealed by 44-100-fold changes in the vaccinated groups compared with the control (p < 0.001) at every tested time point after vaccination. All vaccinated groups expressed IgM, MHCIIα and TCRα at significantly higher levels than the control group at 10 and/or 20 DAV (p < 0.05). In the S. iniae challenge tests, the survival of vaccinated groups 2-4 ranged from 62.15 ± 2.11 to 75.70 ± 3.36%, which significantly differed from that of the control group (44.44 ± 1.92%). Similarly, all vaccinated groups showed higher survival rates of 68.89 ± 3.85 to 77.78 ± 5.09% during F. covae challenge than the control groups (50.00 ± 3.33%) (p < 0.05).

Supplemental light is widely applied in greenhouses for promotions of the product and flavors of strawberries in global markets. Present selections of colored lights are, however, quite empirical or qualitative, from the aspect of photometry or colorimetry. The accurate control of chromatic parameters of supplemental light and their chromatic influences on fruit quality has been under-studied. In this study, color parameters including correlated color temperatures (CCTs) and illuminance of supplement lights are precisely controlled using a digitally color-coding method. We systematically investigate the chromatic effect of supplemental light on five parameters of strawberries: plant height, single weight, fruit hardness, soluble solids, and titratable acids. Results show that the supplement light generally lowers down the single weight and the fruit hardness, increases the plant height, the contents of soluble solids and titratable acids. The chromatic dependences for the five parameters are different and might be strengthened, weakened, or shifted by light illuminance. We demonstrate the beneficial roles of supplemental light in accelerating the maturation and enhancing the flavor of strawberries in greenhouses cultivation. The results pro-vide valuable guidance for the effective cultivation of strawberries. Moreover, the controlling method for accurate colors is ready for the implementation of supplemental lights in other fruits or plants.

The rapid growth of the aviation industry has progressively heightened the importance of airport maintenance management. There is an increasing need for a comprehensive system that considers the diverse requirements of various stakeholders. Existing research has primarily focused on the technological advancements of optimization models, with limited applicability in practice. In this study, we introduce the Condition Cases Optimization (CCO) to address these limitations while incorporating multi-facility and multi-year network optimization models. We developed condition index, Serviceability Level, integrated assessment indices and performance models for decision-making criteria. We categorize conditions into three classes and propose a practical decision-making strategy that can flexibly adapt to budget constraints. Sensitivity analysis highlights the impact of initial budget, maintenance methods, costs, and thresholds on decision outcomes. Through a case study we validate the effectiveness and practicality of the CCO method as an efficient decision-making tool.

Introduction: Outcome measures using telerehabilitation (TR) in the context of post-stroke rehabilitation is an area of emerging research. The current review assesses the literature related to TR for patients requiring post-stroke rehabilitation. The purpose of this study additionally is to survey the outcome measures used in TR studies and to define which parts of the International Organization of Functioning are measured in trials. Methods: TR studies were searched in Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, PubMed, Embase, Scopus, Google Scholar, and Web of Science from 2016 to June 2023. Two reviewers individually assessed the full text. Disagreements about inclusion or exclusion were determined by consensus or by checking with a third reviewer. Results: A total of 24 studies were included in the current review. The results were synthesized and reported considering the implications of the results within clinical practice, areas of investigation, and strategic implementation. Conclusions: The current scoping review recognized a wide range of outcome measures used in TR studies and helped elucidate gaps in the current use of outcome measures in the literature. The scoping review also informs researchers and end users (i.e. clinicians and policymakers) regarding the most suitable outcome measures for TR.

Iron deficiency anemia (IDA) is a world health problem for humans and other mammals; affecting critical stages of development. Pigs have been used as an experimental model for the study and prevention of anemia because of physiological and metabolic similarities with humans. Iron dextran particles (IDP) are used for intramuscular (IM) IDA treatments in pigs, but are insufficient for prevention of anemia due to quick metabolization. Therefore, the objective of this study was to develop chitosan thermosensitive hydrogels (CTH) formulations and to study their potential as a mammalian parenteral iron dextran supplementation strategy. CTH were loaded with IDP at increasing iron concentrations (0.1, 0.2 and 0.4 g of theorical iron/g of chitosan) and characterized as an IM iron supplement. All the CTH-IDP formulations were thermosensitive and can be injected IM at ~4 °C, with a significant rise in viscosity between 25-37 °C. IDP content was physically trapped in the chitosan hydrophobic gel at 37 °C, without evidence of chemical bonding. We conclude that CTHs are a promising strategy for IM delivery strategy of IDP, and these results may be useful for future iron supplementation studies in pigs, humans and other mammals.

The new coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 is the cause of the COVID-19 pandemic, which has created an incomparable global health problem. PLpro is a key protein involved in viral polyprotein processing and immune system evasion, making it a prime target for the development of antiviral drugs to combat COVID-19. The review begins by elucidating the functional and structural properties of SARS-CoV-2 PLpro, underscoring its significance in viral pathogenicity and replication. Employing homology modeling, a tertiary structure model of PLpro is constructed, laying the groundwork for subsequent investigations. To expedite the search for potential therapeutic candidates, the study harnesses computational methodologies. Molecular docking techniques are employed to explore binding sites for antiviral drugs within the catalytic region of PLpro. This computational approach not only aids in drug development but also provides crucial preliminary data before experimental research commences. The stability of drug-PLpro complexes is assessed through comprehensive all-atom molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, affording dynamic insights into drug-PLpro interactions. By evaluating binding energy estimates from MD simulations, stable drug-PLpro complexes with potential antiviral properties are identified. However, it is emphasized that experimental validation is imperative to confirm these computational findings, necessitating in vitro and in vivo tests to assess safety and efficacy. This pivotal stage bridges the computational realm with real-world clinical applications. The review emphasizes the imperative need for enhancements in the existing PLpro-targeting drugs currently on the market. Their actions are insufficient for clinical use and necessitate thorough characterization and improvement. The Supervised Molecular Dynamics (SuMD) simulation technique reveals critical information about drug unbinding pathways, shedding light on opportunities for refinement. In addition to optimizing existing drugs, the investigation of sub-structurally similar molecules emerges as a promising avenue for drug development. In conclusion, the review underscores the pivotal role of targeting SARS-CoV-2 PLpro in the ongoing battle against COVID-19. By integrating molecular dynamics simulations, structural modeling, and computational insights, a robust foundation is established for identifying promising antiviral drug candidates. The continual need for improvement in existing drugs and the exploration of novel compounds remain paramount in the global effort to combat COVID-19. The evolution and management of COVID-19 hinge on the symbiotic relationship between computational insights and experimental validation, illustrating the interdisciplinary synergy crucial to this endeavor.

Boeremia exigua var. exigua is a recurrent pathogen causing root rot in industrial chicory. Currently, there is no chemical or varietal control for this disease, and thus management strategies need to be developed. This study determined the biocontrol effect of strains of Pseudomonas protegens bacteria with antimicrobial compounds on the fungus B. exigua var. exigua under in vitro, in vivo and field conditions. In addition, root colonization by these bacteria was estimated by molecular analysis. Eighteen isolates of Pseudomonas spp were evaluated and the strains that showed the greatest in vitro inhibition of fungal mycelial growth (mm), Ca10A and ChB7, were selected. Inoculation with the strain ChB7 showed less severity (necrotic area) under in vivo conditions (root trials) compared to the control inoculated with the pathogen (P≤0.05). The molecular analysis revealed that root colonization of plants grown in pots was equal or greater than 70%. Similar levels were observed in the field trials conducted in Selva Negra and Canteras experimental stations (2015-16 season), with values ranging from 85.7 to 70.5% and from 75.0 to 79.5%, respectively. Regarding yield (ton ha-1), values were higher in the treatments inoculated with strains Ca10A and ChB7 (P≤0.05) in both experimental sites, while a lower incidence and severity of root rot were observed in Selva Negra. These results suggest that the Chilean strains of P. protegens are a promising tool for the control of root diseases in industrial chicory.

Patients with COVID-19 have coagulation and platelet disorders, with platelet’s alterations and thrombocytopenia representing negative prognostic parameters, being associated with severe forms of the disease, and increase lethality. Methods: Aim of this study was to study expression of platelet glycoprotein IIIa (CD61), playing a critical role in platelet aggregation, together with TRL-2 as a marker of innate immune activation Results: a total of 25 patients were investigated, with the majority (24/25, 96%) having co-morbidities and dying from a fatal form of SARS-CoV-2(+) infection (COVID-19 +), with 13 men and 12 females ranging in age from 45 to 80 years. When compared to a control group of SARS CoV-2 (-) negative lungs (COVID-19 -), TLR-2 expression was up-regulated in a subset of patients with deadly COVID-19 fatal lung illness. The proportion of Spike-1 (+) patients found by PCR and ISH correlates to the proportion of Spike-S1 positive cases as detected by digital pathology examination. Furthermore, CD61 expression was considerably higher in the lungs of dead patients. In conclusion, we demonstrate that innate immune prolonged hyperactivation is related to platelet/megakaryocytes over-expression in the lung. Conclusions: microthrombosis in deadly COVID-19+ lung disease is associated with an increase in the number of CD61+ platelets and megakaryocytes in the pulmonary interstitium as well as their functional activation; this phenomenon is associated with increased expression of innate immunity TLR2+ cells, which binds the SARS-CoV-2 E protein, and significantly with the persistence of the Spike-S1 viral sequence.

Abstract: This study presents a methodological framework for AD and MCI diagnosis using radiomic analysis of 18FDG-PET imaging and conducts non-invasive predictions and in-depth analysis of AD and MCI and the associated small number of regions and features. Our methodology follows a structured process commencing with data preprocessing and labeling, facilitating segmentation through FastSurfer, a tool that efficiently segments the brain into 95 ROIs using the DKT-atlas. Subsequently, Feature extraction was carried out using PyRadiomics, calculating 120 features for each of the 95 ROIs (11,400 per image). These extracted features form the foundation of our radiomics analysis, primarily for early diagnostic purposes. In the feature selection phase, we explored a set of eight commonly employed techniques, including ANOVA, PCA, and LASSO, originating from the four main categories, namely filtered, embedded, wrapper, and hybrid methods, to identify a pertinent subset of features. Our evaluation assessed the performance of nine classification methods, such as GradientBoosting, RandomForest, and GaussianNB, in conjunction with eight feature selection techniques. The choice of feature selection method and classifiers was predicated on their ability to achieve the best area under the ROC curve with independent data. For all three predictions AD vs. CN, AD vs. MCI, and CN vs. MCI the Random Forest (RF) classifier with LASSO feature selection demonstrated the highest accuracy with an AUC of 0.976 for AD vs CN, AUC=0.917 for AD vs MCI, and AUC=0.877 for MCI vs CN. In conclusion, our RAB-PET platform enables efficient AD and MCI diagnosis from FDG-PET images using a radiomics pipeline. It also offers a general hardware and software tool for the investigation of other brain disorders.

Rice blast fungus (Magnaporthe oryzae) causes massive yield losses annually worldwide. The fungus secreted bunch of effector proteins target different rice cellular compartments to facilitate its infection. However, most of intensively studied effectors are small secreted proteins with high presence/absence polymorphism in the fungus, and effectors conserved among different species were rarely investigated. In this study, we identified MoPce1, a CAP/PR domain containing protein common in different species, as an important virulence factor from a screening of 145 putative core effectors (PCE). MoPCE1 is required for pathogenicity but not the asexual development. Ectopic expression of MoPCE1sp in ZH11 background compromised the plant resistance. We also found that MoPce1 lacks the conserved cysteine residuals in CAP domain, and is BIC-localized in invasive hyphae and nuclei-localized when ectopically expressed in tobacco leaves and rice protoplasts. These results suggested that MoPce1 may bind novel ligand(s) rather than sterol. Indeed, we found that MoPce1 could interact with OsDi19-5, a transcription factor in rice. We inferred from these results that MoPce1 is required for pathogenicity by suppressing the immune response in rice, likely through the interaction with OsDi19-5.

Sea level rise (SLR) is a critical consequence of climate change, posing significant threats to coastal regions worldwide. Accurate and efficient assessment of potential inundation areas is crucial for effective coastal planning and adaptation strategies. This study aims to explore the utility of free and open source software for geospatial (FOSS4G) tools for mapping SLR inundation, providing cost-effective solutions that are accessible to researchers and policymakers. We employed a combination of geospatial data, including high-resolution elevation models, tidal data, and projected SLR scenarios. Utilizing widely available FOSS4G tools like QGIS, GDAL/OGR and GRASS GIS we developed an integrated workflow to map inundation extents using a passive bathtub approach for various SLR scenarios. Our findings demonstrate that FOSS4G tools offer reliable and accessible means to map SLR inundation, empowering stakeholders to assess coastal vulnerabilities and devise sustainable adaptation measures. The open-source approach facilitates collaboration and reproducibility, fostering a comprehensive understanding of the potential impacts of SLR on coastal ecosystems and communities.

CLIPPERS which stand for Chronic lymphocytic inflammation with pontine perivascular enhancement responsive to steroids, is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the central nervous system. The aetiology of CLIPPERS remains unclear, although its pathogenesis shows immune-mediated processes. The diagnosis of CLIPPERS is challenging without a specific biomarker hence, it is important to consider if both the clinical and radiological features are consistent with the diagnosis, or rather any other disease that mimics CLIPPERS. The Authors present a case of a 40-year-old Female patient diagnosed with CLIPPERS syndrome in India. Differential diagnosis, clinical and MRI characteristics of CLIPPERS syndrome, and treatment approaches are discussed.

Dengue virus serotype 2 (DENV-2) is responsible for dengue epidemics on a global scale and is recognized for being associated with severe cases of the disease. This study conducted the phylogenetic investigation of DENV-2 in the Northern region of Brazil. DENV-2 isolates from 2017 to 2021, originating from Northern Brazilian states, were selected. Only one lineage (I) of the Asian-American genotype and one lineage (5) of the cosmopolitan genotype were observed. All sequences of the Asian-American genotype used in this study were segregated into a paraphyletic subgroup aligned with sequences from an American clade. These results indicate a probable geographic link starting from Puerto Rico. Additionally, sequences from Acre were identified and grouped into a monophyletic clade of the cosmopolitan genotype. These results indicate the cocirculation of two DENV-2 distinct lineages: Lineage 1, Asian-American genotype (probable origin from Puerto Rico); Lineage 5, cosmopolitan genotype (probable origin from Peru). Our results provide important data regarding the study of DENV genotypes and lineages distribution, as well as opening up possibilities for probable introduction and dissemination routes.

The need to carry different items, which become an extra load, is a characteristic of trail running. The aim of this study is to determine physiological-metabolic changes produced by running with extra load. Four male well-trained trail runners completed three treadmill maximal metabolic tests carrying different loads (0% (L0), 5% (L5), and 10% (L10) of their body mass) in a weighted vest. Gasses exchange was monitored to assess ventilatory thresholds 1 (VT1), and 2 (VT2), zone of maximal fat oxidation, and peak oxygen consumption (VO2peak). Heart rate (HR), power and velocity (V) were tracked for comparing their behavior. A repeated measures ANOVA showed significant differences in V (p<.001; ηp2= 0.910) as a limitation for reaching peak velocity (Vpeak) with L10 respect to L0 (p=0.001), and L5 (p=0.011). Power expression showed differences (p=0.068; ηp2= 0.592). It tended to be greater with L10 than L0 (p=0.057), despite achieving lower V. VT2 tended to occur at different %VO2peak (p=0.069; ηp2= 0.591). L5 VT2 was reached at higher %VO2peak than L0 (p=0.062), and L10 (p=0.071). ANOVA also showed a tendency to signification for V at this point (p= 0.098; ηp2= 0.538). In conclusion, L10 seems to limit Vpeak while L5 may delay VT2 expression.

Leucobryum is a moss genus that exhibits various bioactivities. However, the identification of Leucobryum species with morphology alone remains difficult. Nowadays, chemical profile analysis provides additional tools for plant classification, especially in medicinal plants. This method uses chemical similarities to identify the differences among some plants, especially for the different varieties of the same species. The objective of this study was to obtain the chemical profiles and use chemometrics to identify selected Leucobryum species found in Thailand. Lipophilic extracts from 18 samples of five taxa were analyzed with TLC and HPLC. Cluster analysis and PCA were used to investigate the similarities of the chemical profiles. PERMANOVA was performed to determine the difference among taxa. The results showed that the TLC profile could separate only the genus of the sample, while HPLC chromatograms showed separation among the Leucobryum taxa and consistent patterns within the same species. In addition, the chemical profiles of Leucobryum species were separated at the species level in PCA. The PERMANOVA showed significantly different profiles among the species (P = 0.002). Therefore, this work illustrated the potential of chemometrics as supporting evidence for species delimitation in the moss genus Leucobryum.

Arctic sea ice prediction holds significant importance for facilitating Arctic route planning, optimizing fisheries management, and advancing the field of sea ice dynamics research. While various deep learning models have been developed for sea ice prediction, they predominantly operate at the seasonal or sub-seasonal scale, often focusing on localized areas, and few cater to full-region daily scale prediction. This study introduces the use of spatiotemporal sequence data prediction models, namely, the convolutional LSTM (ConvLSTM) and predictive recurrent neural network (PredRNN), for the prediction of sea ice concentration (SIC). Our analysis reveals that, when solely utilizing SIC historical data as the input, the ConvLSTM model outperforms the PredRNN model in SIC prediction. To enhance the model's capacity to capture spatiotemporal relationships between multiple variables, we expanded the range of input data types to form the ConvLSTM-multi and PredRNN-multi models. Experimental findings demonstrate that the ConvLSTM-multi model excels in assimilating the influence of reanalysis data on sea ice within the sea ice edge region, thus exhibiting superior performance in predicting daily Arctic SIC over the subsequent 10 days. Furthermore, sensitivity tests on various model parameters highlight the substantial impact of sea surface temperature and prediction date on the accuracy of daily sea ice prediction. Additionally, meteorological and oceanographic parameters primarily affect the prediction accuracy of the thin ice region at the edge of the sea ice.

The current management of colorectal cancer liver metastasis (CRCLM) patients involves a multidisciplinary approach with surgical resection remaining the primary curative option. The advances in liver surgery have improved outcomes, enabling more patients to undergo surgery successfully. In addition, the development of imaging software has improved the preoperative planning and patient selection for surgery and other interventions. Systemic therapies, such as targeted therapies and immunotherapies have enhanced the chances of complete resection. Targeted agents in combination with chemotherapy, have shown efficacy in downstaging tumors and increasing resectability.

Objectives: Chylothorax is a relatively rare condition of lymphatic fluid accumulation in the thoracic cavity due to a leakage from the thoracic duct or its tributaries. Patients present with dyspnea, malnutrition, and immunosuppression. Treatment can be conservative or surgical, depending on etiology and clinical course. The optimal management algorithm for chylothorax is still controversial. Methods: This is a retrospective study of all patients with chylothorax treated at our Department of Thoracic Surgery during the 10-year period. Results: A total of 14 patients were identified for the study. Nine patients had chylothorax after lung or esophageal cancer surgery. Four patients had chylothorax in advanced lymphoma. One patient had chylothorax after blunt chest trauma. A conservative approach was initiated in most patients (92%), including pleural drainage, nil per mouth, total parenteral nutrition, and somatostatin 0.1 mg bid subcutaneously. Surgical treatment was indicated in patients with thoracic drain production >800 mL per day beyond the fifth day of treatment and those with blunt thoracic trauma. Two patients had thoracic duct ligation via right-sided thoracotomy, and five patients had video-assisted thoracoscopic thoracic duct ligation with the immediate arrest of chylous leakage. Conclusion: Chylothorax should be treated conservatively initially. Surgical treatment should not be delayed in case of failure beyond the fifth day. In our series of patients, a video-assisted thoracoscopic approach for thoracic duct ligation proved to be minimally invasive, highly efficient, and well tolerated by patients and, therefore, should be the preferable route of surgical treatment.

In this paper, based on the symmetrical reliability theory, a research method for the safety factor of overall overturning stability of continuous beam bridge under carbon fiber reinforced polymers (CFRP) during cantilever and horizontal rotation construction is proposed. Under the premise that the given target reliability index is known, the method solves the overall overturning stability safety factor of continuous beam bridge under carbon fiber reinforced polymers during cantilever and horizontal rotation construction by using the symmetrical reliability analysis theory and considering the randomness of structural parameters. This method is used to calculate the safety factor and the design reinforcement aera of CRFP of overturning stability and the design reinforcement aera of CRFP of a continuous beam bridge, and the parameters are analyzed. The calculation results show that the randomness of parameters will have a great impact on the overall safety factor and the CRFP aera of overturning stability of cantilever and horizontal rotation construction of continuous beam bridge, and ignoring the influence of randomness of parameters will lead to overestimation of the overall safety factor and underestimation of the CRFP aera of overturning stability of cantilever and horizontal rotation construction of continuous beam bridge.

Financial time series and other human-driven, non-natural processes are known to exhibit fat-tailed outcome distributions. That is, such processes demonstrate a greater tendency for extreme outcomes than the normal distribution or other natural distributional processes would predict. We examine the mathematical expectation, or simply "expectation," traditionally the probability-weighted outcome, regarded since the seventeenth century as the mathematical definition of "expectation." However, when considering the "expectation" of an individual confronted with a finite sequence of outcomes, particularly existential outcomes (e.g., a trader with a limited time to perform or lose his position in a trading operation), we find this individual "expects" the median terminal outcome over those finite trials, with the classical seventeenth-century definition being the asymptotic limit as trials increase to this. Since such finite-sequence "expectations" often differ in values from the classic one, so do the optimal allocations (e.g., growth-optimal). We examine these for fat-tailed distributions. The focus is on implementation, and the techniques described can be applied to all distributional forms.

As the general acceptance of fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) in the concrete construction industry continues to rise, it is increasingly imperative that the crack width of FRP reinforced concrete members of pavement and girder be predicted with good accuracy due to strengthening of RC pavement, slabs or beams structures using FRP is known to control crack width. However, no specific provisions are provided by most international design codes for predicting crack width in FRP reinforced concrete flexure members. In this paper, five formulas for predicting the crack width for FRP reinforced structures are derived from three common computational theories which including statistical method, comprehensive theory, and bond-slip theory. The formula of statistical method is simplest, but the parameters depend on much sample data. The comprehensive and slippage theory based on semi-empirical statistical crack spacing are obtained through the calculation of non-uniformity coefficient of strain. The comprehensive and slippage theory based on semi-empirical axial force balance are obtained through the calculation of tensile reinforcement factor. The comparative analysis of performance of five formulas is carried out. The results indicate that the formula from comprehensive theory based on semi-empirical statistical crack spacing is recommended for predicting the crack width of FRP reinforced concrete flexural structure.

Lateral vehicle control is a high importance in automated vehicles as it directly influences the vehicle’s performance and safety during operation. The Linear Quadratic Regulator (LQR) controller stands out due to its high-performance characteristics and is used in the open source for self driving functions. However, a notable limitation of the current approach is the manual calibration of LQR controllers based on the experience and intuition of the designers, leading to empirical uncertainties. To address this issue and enhance the lateral control performance, this paper concentrates on refining the LQR by employing three optimization algorithms: Artificial Bee Colony Optimization (ABC), Genetic Algorithm (GA), and Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO). These algorithms aim to overcome the reliance on empirical methods and enable a data-driven approach to LQR calibration. By comparing the outcomes of these optimization algorithms to the manual LQR controller within an offline multibody simulation as testing platform, the study highlights the superiority of the best-performing optimization approach. Following this, the optimal algorithm is implemented on a real-time system for the full vehicle level, revealing the Model-in-the-Loop and the Hardware-in-the-Loop gap up to 78,89% with lateral velocity when we use Relative Error Criterion (REC) method to validate and 2.35m with lateral displacement when considering by maximum absolute value method.

The model internal year-to-year variability (hereafter, internal variability) is a significant source of uncertainty when estimating anthropogenic aerosol effective radiative forcing (ERF). In this study, we investigate the impact of internal variability using large ensemble simulations (600 years in total) with the same climate model under prescribed anthropogenic aerosol forcings. A comparison of the magnitudes (i.e., standard deviation, Std) of these influences confirms that internal variability has negligible impacts on the instantaneous radiative forcing (RF) diagnosed by double radiation calls but has considerable impacts on estimating ERF through rapid adjustments (ADJ). Approximately half of the model grids exhibit strong internal variability influence on ERF (Std > 5 W m−2). These strong internal variabilities lead to a 50% probability that 30-year linear change can reach 2 W m−2, and 10-year linear change can reach 4 W m−2. A 50-year simulation can provide a relatively stable annual mean map of ERF (ERF = ADJ + RF), but it fails for ADJ. The statistically significant areas in the annual mean maps of both ERF and ADJ from a 10-year simulation exhibit instability with evident chaotic features. These analyses contribute to the setup of comparative experiments and a more comprehensive understanding of the modeled anthropogenic aerosol ERF.

The 5G technology brings many benefits already known: large connection capacity, great transmission velocities, and low latencies with high reliability. One of its core services, the massive Machine Type Communication (mMTC), theoretically allows up to one million devices connected simultaneously in a square kilometer. As the Internet of Things (IoT) devices often have very restricted resources, hampering the adoption of robust security mechanisms, they can be targets for attackers aiming to explore vulnerabilities and gain access to the 5G infrastructure. Given this concern, it is essential to know existent vulnerabilities and possible threats and solutions related to 5G-IoT, the scenarios considering IoT devices connected to 5G infrastructures. For this reason, we carried out a systematic literature review, extracting and analyzing data from 142 selected papers from conferences and journals. As the main results, we present lists with known vulnerabilities, possible threats and solutions, and some recommendations.

Background: A personalized approach to occupational medicine allows specialists to 1 prevent professional hazards such as stress-related depression and anxiety in extreme work environments. Objective: we aim to detect genetic markers of low resilience to stress. Methods: The study cohort included 97 elite athletes and 167 special forces personnel. The research team collected buccal mucosa samples and examined psychological status with the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). We assessed 35 variants within selected genes that are most often associated with low resilience to stress, anxiety, and depression. Fisher’s Exact test was used to determine nonrandom associations between scores in the HADS scale and the genetic variants. We also trained machine learning models to predict score values from genotyping findings and ranked genetic biomarkers according to their predictive power. Results: High-risk depression profiles included C/T genotype of MTHFR C677T and A/C variant of MTHFR A1298C. Susceptibility to anxiety was associated with several polymorphisms regulating neuroactive substances, immune response, and coagulation. The ML models accurately detect depression or anxiety levels with MAE/ROV of 17.69±1.35 and 17.86±2.09% respectively. Conclusions: The study findings justify a polymorphic nature of anxiety and confirm the immune system's involvement in regulating stress response.

Considering nutritional qualities of gofio (Gf) and aloe vera juice (AVJ), their combination is indicated as an easy and fast source of ingest of basic bio elements. As the texture of the final product must be accepted by customers, the influence of Gf concentration on the rheological behavior of Gf/AVJ suspensions was determined. Shear thinning index of AVJ maintains unaltered despite the presence of Gf particles, although the viscosity value increases as expected. Linear viscoelastic studies on Gf/AVJ confirmed this is a viscoelastic liquid that changes from chewy to creamy texture with Gf concentration increase.

Copper-nitride (Cu3N) semiconductor material is attracting much attention as a potential, next-generation thin-film solar-light absorber in solar cells. In this communication, polycrystalline Cu3N thin films were prepared using reactive-RF-magnetron-sputtering deposition, at room temperature, onto glass and silicon substrates. The very-broadband optical properties of the Cu3N thin film layers were studied by UV-MIR (0.2-40 μm) ellipsometry and optical transmission, to be able to achieve the goal of a low-cost absorber material to replace the conventional silicon. The reactive-RF-sputtered Cu3N films were also investigated by focused ion beam scanning electron microscopy, and both FTIR and Raman spectroscopies.

Background: Citicoline, a medical food, lacks proven efficacy for ischemic stroke and has uncertainties around its harms. The continued prescription should be reevaluated given the more robust, high-quality Evidence against that medical food. This essay is based on a recent Cochrane review and uses only one all-cause mortality as the primary outcome. Therefore, the essay should be considered as something other than an updated Cochrane review but like a reflection based on Evidence-based Medicine and Philosophy of Science analysis. Question Research: Why citicoline (a medical food) should not be prescribed to treat people with acute ischemic stroke: The certainty of the Evidence.? Objective: Demonstrate from evidence-based medicine and philosophy of science perspective that citicoline should not be prescribed for acute ischemic stroke due to lack of efficacy and harm uncertainties. Search publications: We searched in PubMed and Cochrane Library from 2020 until 30 October 2023. We, furthermore, used engineering machines Bing and Google Scholar to detect additional papers. Additionally, we also reviewed reference lists of the retrieved publications and review articles and searched the websites of the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and European Medicines Agency (EMA). Selection criteria: We included systematic reviews, meta-analyses, randomized clinical trials, clinical guidelines focused on acute ischemic stroke and comparing citicoline versus placebo or no intervention. We excluded narrative reviews, observational studies and ongoing trials. Data collection and analysis: We identified only new randomized clinical trials and assessed the risk of bias in seven domains. The other eight trials were already included in the mentioned Cochrane review. The systematic reviews with or without meta-analyses were assessed using McMaster University guidelines. We estimated risk ratios (RRs) for that outcome. We measured statistical heterogeneity using the I² statistic. We conducted our analyses using the fixed effect model. We did not use the GRADE approach due to what is shown in a Cochrane review published in 2020 by Martí-Carvajal et al. We used the RevMan 5.4 software from Cochrane Collaboration to conduct the forest plot. We used a Trial Sequential Analysis with Copenhagen Trial Unit Software. We estimated a Bayes factor from the relative risk and 95% confidence interval. Results: We identified only one new RCT (N = 99) reported mortality data and three clinical guidelines. We conducted a new meta-analysis with nine trials (N = 4461) having a high risk of bias and showing little to no difference in mortality between citicoline and placebo (17.1% vs 18.4%; RR 0.94, 95% CI 0.82 to 1.06; I2 = 0%). The Bayes factor was 0.7, indicating weak Evidence for the null over the alternative hypothesis. Trial sequential analysis suggested sufficiency of Evidence for mortality. No guidelines recommend citicoline. Conclusions: This essay reassessed citicoline for acute ischemic stroke after the 2020 Cochrane review. Adding a new RCT further supported the lack of mortality benefit with citicoline. The overall evidence quality could be better. Analyses using evidence-based medicine and philosophy of science approaches do not support prescribing citicoline due to a lack of efficacy substantiation and potential harms.

Dietary protein quality plays a key role in maintaining intestinal mucosal integrity, but also modulates the growth of luminal microorganisms. This work assessed the effect of dietary protein sources on the performance, gut morphology, and microbiome in Nile tilapia. Four isonitrogenous and isolipidic diets comprising equivalent amounts of the protein supply derived from either PLANT, ANIMAL, INSECT, or MICROBIAL (bacterial biomass) sources were fed to triplicate groups of fish (IBW: 12 g) during 46 days. Fish fed ANIMAL and MICROBIAL diets showed significantly higher growth than those fed the PLANT and INSECT diets (P < 0.05). Relative abundance at the phylum level shows Bacteroidetes, Fusobacteria and Proteobacteria as more abundant phyla in tilapia’s intestine, while Cetobacterium is the most representative genera in all treatments. Interesting patterns were observed in the correlation between amino acid intake and genus and species abundance. Metabolism prediction analysis showed that microbial amine and polyamine degradation pathways are modulated depending on diets. In conclusion, different protein sources interfere directly with the cross-talk of bacteria pathways and amino acid intake.

Background: Patients’ effective hand hygiene helps to reduce healthcare-associated infections, prevents the spread of nosocomial infections and communicable diseases, such as COVID-19. This study aimed to describe effective hand hygiene decisions based on the Health Action Process Ap-proach (HAPA) and whether this pattern is invariant for mental health. Methods: Data were collected cross-sectionally from patients who had previously been admitted to a hospital (N=279; study 1) and longitudinally from psychosomatic rehabilitation patients (N=1,073; study 2). The fit of the HAPA framework and changes in hand hygiene decisions regarding com-pliance, as well as social-cognitive variables of the HAPA, and mental health status were examined. Results: The trimmed HAPA framework fitted the data well (χ2=27.1, df=12, p<.01, CMIN/df=2.26, CFI=.97, RMSEA=.08). According to multi-group structural equation modeling, the HAPA model with hand hygiene behavior were found to be invariant with regard to mental health. Conclusion: The trimmed HAPA framework revealed to be a generic framework in explaining so-cial-cognitive processes relating to hand hygiene decisions. Helping individuals to perform hand hygiene recommendation requires intention formation and bridging the intention-behavior gap. This can be done by promoting planning and self-efficacy. All processes appear generic to partic-ipants with and without mental health challenges.

Lunar grabens are the largest tensional linear structures on the Moon. In this paper, 17 grabens were selected to investigate the dips and displacement-length ratios (γ) of graben-bounding faults. Several topographic profiles were generated from selected grabens to measure their rim elevation, width and depth through SLDEM2015 (+LOLA) data. The differences in rim elevation (∆h) and width (∆W) between two topographic profiles on each graben were calculated, yielding 146 sets of data. We plotted ∆h versus ∆W for each and calculated the dip angle (α) of graben-bounding faults. A dip of 39.9° was obtained using the standard linear regression method. In order to improve accuracy, large error data was removed based on error analysis. The results 49.4° and 52.5° were derived by the standard linear regression and mean methods, respectively. Based on the depth and length of grabens, the γ value of the graben-bounding normal fault is also studied in this paper. The γ value is 3.6×10-3 for lunar normal faults according to the study of grabens and the Rupes Recta normal fault. After obtaining the values of α and γ, the increase in lunar radius caused by the formation of grabens was estimated. We suggest that the lunar radius has increased by around 130 m owing to the formation of grabens. This study could aid in the understanding of normal fault growth and provide important constraints on the thermal evolution of the Moon.

This study aims at relating the microstructural arrangement, in particular the symmetry materialised by filament sequencing in fused filament fabrication process on mechanical behaviour of printed polyamide. Dogbone structures are printed using various printing temperatures, which are combined with part orientation and raster angle that represent the in-plane and out-of-plane symmetrical arrangement of filament. Mechanical testing is conducted on both as-received filaments and printed structures to derive the effect of filament arrangement symmetry and process-generated defects on mechanical loss. In addition, microstructural analysis using scanning electron microscopy is used to share more light on the filament arrangement and their consequence on deformation mechanisms with respect to the printing conditions. The results show that 3D printed polyamide-based material exhibit remarkable tensile performance with strain stiffening behaviour and large elongation at break thanks to particular filament layout. Among the considered printing conditions, the part orientation is found to have the largest influence on tensile behaviour, which modulates the behaviour from complete restoration of the filament performance to mechanical loss.

The differentiation between Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) and cervical spondylotic myelopathy (CSM) is necessary, because both diseases have similar symptoms, such as motor weakness and sensory disturbances. The challenge arises when NMOSD presents with short-segment spinal cord lesions, which can mimic the clinical presentation of CSM. This case report presents an NMOSD misdiagnosed as CSM. A 66-year-old woman presented with neck pain, left arm pain, and motor weakness. She was initially diagnosed with CSM based on MRI findings that revealed the increased signal intensity of the spinal cord at the C3 to 4 levels and underwent surgery. Three years later, she had sudden left upper extremity motor weakness and mild gait disturbance. Physical exam showed left-side weakness and altered reflexes, with longitudinally extensive transverse myelitis (LETM) findings on cervical MRI. The CSF study revealed a 2+ AQP4-Ab finding. Finally, NMO was diagnosed. Steroid pulsed therapy and immunosuppression therapy led to improved motor function and gait after 20 days. We present a case report of a NMO patient who initially exhibited clinical and radiological features CSM but was later diagnosed with NMO. This case underscores the diagnostic challenge in distinguishing NMO from CSM, especially in elderly patients who commonly experience spinal degeneration leading to cord compression and associated cord signal changes on MRI. The misinterpretation or confusion with transverse myelitis can occur as a result. This case highlights the importance of considering NMO as a potential differential diagnosis in elderly patients with spinal degeneration, emphasizing the significance of precise and timely diagnosis for guiding optimal treatment decisions.

Hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1α represents the oxygen-sensitive subunit of HIF transcriptional factor, usually degraded in normoxia and stabilized in hypoxia to regulate several target gene expression. Nevertheless, in the skeletal muscle satellite stem cells (SCs), an oxygen level-independent regulation of HIF-1α has been observed. Although HIF-1α has been highlighted as SC function regulator, its spatio-temporal expression and role during myogenic progression remain controversial. We herein analyzed HIF-1α expression and localization in differentiating murine C2C12 myoblasts and SCs under normoxia and evaluated matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9 as a HIF-1α target, by biomolecular, biochemical, morphological and electrophysiological analyses. HIF-1α expression increased after 24/48 h of differentiating culture and tended to decline after 72 h/5 days. Committed and proliferating mononuclear myoblasts exhibited nuclear HIF-1α expression, differently from the more elongated and parallel-aligned cells, likely ready to fuse with each other, which show mainly a cytoplasmic localization of the factor. Multinucleated myotubes displayed both a nuclear and cytoplasmic HIF-1α expression. The MMP-9 and MyoD (myogenic activation marker) expression synchronized with that of HIF-1α, increasing after 24 h of differentiation. Short-interfering RNA silencing of HIF-1α and MMP-9 and MMP-9 pharmacological inhibition unraveled MMP-9 as HIF-1α downstream effector and HIF-1α/MMP-9 axis essential for the morpho-functional cell myogenic commitment.

Purpose: Prostate cancer is the most common male prevalent malignancy in Europe. Biological recurrence occurs in 20-40% of patients within 10 years following treatment. [18F]F-Choline PET/CT is the most used technique for detecting recurrent disease but is rarely positive for low PSA levels. [18F]PSMA-1007 PET/CT allows early detection of recurrence sites. Methods: We conducted a prospective multicenter study. Each patient had access to a [18F]F-Choline and [18F]PSMA PET/CT. The primary endpoint was to determine the therapeutic impact of the [18F]PSMA comparative to [18F]F-Choline PET/CT. Secondary endpoints were the diagnostic performance and the correlation between PET/CT parameters and prognostic factors of prostate disease. Results: 47 patients were included. A therapeutic modification was observed in 36% of them between what the clinicians expected after the [18F]F-Choline PET/CT and what they finally decided after the [18F]PSMA PET/CT. Diagnostic performance of [18F]F-Choline was 28% versus 70% for [18F]PSMA with a significant difference. With [18F]PSMA PET/CT, there was a significative correlation between PSA level of biological recurrence and SUVmax but not between ISUP score and SUVmax of the selected lesion. Conclusion: This study found a modification in therapeutic management following [18F]PSMA PET/CT in one third of patients. This change could result in earlier and better management with detection of lesions at a lower PSA level than is possible with [18F]F-Choline.

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has spread worldwide since its emergence and is causing the disease COVID-19. According to WHO, this is a zoonotic disease. Several cases have already been discovered where companion animals were affected due to virus spillover from humans, however, the symptoms are mild in most cases. We report the first documented case of SARS-CoV-2 infection and death of a domestic cat (Felis silvestris catus) in Hungary, where no other disease could be detected.

Shear velocity logs are crucial in the oil and gas industry for assessing subsurface mechanical properties, including rock stiffness, shear strength, and seismic wave propagation, essential for optimizing hydrocarbon exploration and production strategies. However, obtaining shear velocity logs conventionally is expensive and time-consuming, especially when drilling additional wells solely for this purpose. With the recent boom in machine learning algorithms adoption across various scientific domains, it proved to be an extremely valuable tool for numerous applications in the oil and gas industry. It makes use of the readily available large datasets collected over decades and leverages this data to train powerful, data-driven models, reducing the reliance on empirical relationships that usually have poor generalization. This study follows this approach and presents the use and comparison of machine learning algorithms for predicting shear velocity logs from conventional and readily available logs in the Ahnet field, Algeria. Ultimately, this study aims to enhance reservoir assessment and optimize hydrocarbon recovery processes, potentially reducing exploration costs and improving oil and gas production decision-making in the region.

(1) Background: The definition of value addition is based on the process or processes which are used to transform physically the initial raw material in the final food or non-food article. Diversification can enhance the possibility of increased gains. The aim of this work is to give a reliable description of value addition when speaking of coconut-based beverages among all possible derivatives; (2) Methods: a systematic review of main papers on the argument has been critically examined and discussed; (3) Results: Processing degree is a consequence of consumers’ requests. Three different drivers for value addition have been considered: packaging, durability, and size options; sensorial features; and sustainability. Results of this investigation have highlighted the added value of several products because of recyclable packaging materials, intermediate or long durability expectations, different available sizes, and good or excellent sensorial performances; (4) Conclusions: There are different value-added coconut-based beverages with interesting perspectives. On the other side, sustainability and eco-friendly policies may be a problem for those products which are produced similarly to non-coconut based beverages. The opportunity of certified organic and/or fair-trade products could help the industry of coconuts in the next future. More research is still needed in this ambit.

Summary— Introduction: HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) is a virus that attacks and destroys one type of white blood cell in particular, the CD4 lymphocytes, which are responsible for the body's immune response. This weakens the immune system to such an extent that it can no longer fight other viruses, bacteria, protozoa, fungi and tumours. Methods: We investigated the potential biological role of the natural compound Polydatin (or piceid) using SwissDock, a web service to predict the molecular interactions that can occur between a target protein and a small molecule. Discussion: For the first time, we have investigated the role of polydatin against HIV-1 protease and HIV-2 protease through a computational approach by comparing their estimated ΔG values (kcal/mol) and the nature of the interactions between the residues in the catalytic centre of the HIV proteases.Conclusion: From these simulations, Polydatin has excellent physical properties and an excellent estimated ΔG value (kcal/mol) of about -9.9 kcal/mol against HIV-2 protease and ΔG value (kcal/mol) of about -9.5 kcal/mol against HIV-1 protease. In addition, Polydatin was able to bind to two key amino acids of the catalytic triad sequence common to asparagine proteases (Asp25 and Gly27)

The widespread use of epoxy resin (ER) in industry, owing to its excellent properties, aligns with the global shift toward greener resources and energy-efficient solutions, where utilizing metal oxides in 3D printed polymer parts can offer extended functionalities across various industries. ZnO concentrations in polyurethane acrylate composites impacted adhesion and thickness of DLP samples, with 1 wt.% achieving a thickness of 3.99±0.16 mm, closest to the target thickness of 4 mm, while 0.5 wt.% ZnO samples exhibited the lowest deviation in average thickness (±0.03 mm). Tensile strength in digital light processed (DLP) composites with ZnO remained consistent, ranging from 23.29 MPa (1 wt.%) to 25.93 MPa (0.5 wt.%), with an increase in ZnO concentration causing a reduction in tensile strength to 24.04 MPa and a decrease in the elastic modulus to 2001 MPa at 2 wt.% ZnO. The produced DLP samples, with their good corrosion resistance in alkaline environments, are well-suited for applications as protective coatings on tank walls. Customized DLP techniques can enable their effective use as structural or functional elements, such as in Portland cement concrete walls, floors and ceilings for enhanced durability and performance.

In this study, the generality and prediction accuracy of a generalised series model for large eddy simulation of premixed and non-premixed turbulent combustion is explored. The model is based on Taylor series expansion of the chemical source term in scalar space and implemented into OpenFOAM. The mathematical model does not depend on the combustion regimes, and has the correct limiting behaviour. The numerical error sources are outlined and analysed. The model is first applied to a piloted methane/air non-premixed jet flame (Sandia Flame D). The statistical (time-averaged and RMS) results agree well with experimental measurements, particularly with regard to the mixture fraction, velocity, temperature, and concentrations of major species CH4, CO2, H2O, and O2. The concentrations of intermediates CO and H2 are over-predicted, due to the limitations of the reduced reaction mechanism employed. Then, a Bunsen piloted flame is simulated. Most of the statistical properties of both reactive species and progress variable are well reproduced. The only major discrepancy evident is in the temperature, which is attributed to the experimental uncertainties of temperature fields in the pilot stream. These findings have demonstrated the model`s generality for both premixed and non-premixed combustion simulation, as well as the accuracy of prediction of reactive species distribution.

In this paper we provide some important and significant observations on invo-regular rings appeared in Ann. Univ. Mariae Curie-Sklodowska Sect. A Mathematica (2018). In addition we exhibit that strongly invo-regular rings, invo-regular rings and quasi invo-regular rings all coincide with the well known and well characterized tripotent rings and all these rings further coincide with the well known unit regular rings.

Benign prostatic obstruction (BPH) is a common disease with male and surgical treatment is the gold standard for symptomatic disease. Prostate Artery Embolization (PAE) is one of emerging therapies which aims to minimize the lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) of BPH and volume of enlarged prostate. We reported here a case of 100-year-old man with 90 cm3 prostate and severe symptoms secondary to BPH, who underwent a successful PAE through distal transradial access without any complication. The patient satisfied with this treatment and no symptoms recurrence after PAE. It demonstrated that PAE was a safe and effective treatment for BPH and was indicated in elderly/ non-surgical candidate.

The rapid growth in the number of interconnected devices on the Internet (referred to as the Internet of Things – IoT), along with the huge volume of data that are exchanged and processed, has created a new landscape in network design and operation. Due to the limited battery size and computational capabilities of IoT nodes, data processing usually takes place on external devices. Since latency minimization is a key concept in modern era networks, edge servers that are in close proximity to IoT nodes gather and process related data, while in some cases data offloading in the cloud might have to take place. The interconnection of a vast number of heterogeneous IoT devices with the edge servers and the cloud, where IoT, edge and cloud converge to form a computing continuum, is also known as IoT-edge-cloud (IEC) continuum. Several key challenges are associated with this new computing systems architectural approach, including: i) design of connection and programming protocols aimed at properly manipulating a huge number of heterogeneous devices over diverse infrastructures; ii) design of efficient task offloading algorithms aimed at optimizing services execution; iii) support for security and privacy enhancements during data transfer to deal with the existent and even unforeseen attacks and threats landscape; iv) scalability, flexibility and reliability guarantees to face the expected mobility for IoT systems, and; v) design of optimal resource allocation mechanisms to make the most out of the available resources. These challenges become even more significant towards the new era of sixth generation (6G) networks, which will be based on the integration of various cutting edge heterogeneous technologies. Therefore, the goal of this survey paper is to present all recent developments in the field of IEC continuum systems, with respect to the aforementioned deployment challenges. In the same context, potential limitations and future challenges are highlighted as well. Finally, indicative use cases are also presented, from an IEC continuum perspective.

The conserved MYST proteins form the largest family of histone acetyltransferases (HATs) that acetylate lysines within the N-terminal tails of histone, enabling active gene transcription. Here, we have investigated the biological and regulatory functions of the MYST family HAT Sas3 in the opportunistic human pathogenic fungus Aspergillus fumigatus using a series of genetic, biochemical, pathogenic, and transcriptomic analyses. The deletion of sas3 results in drastically reduced colony growth, asexual development, spore germination, response to stresses, and the fungal virulence. Genome-wide expression analyses have revealed that the sas3 mutant showed 2,402 significant differentially expressed genes; 1,147 up-regulated and 1,255 down-regulated. The representative up-regulated gene resulting from sas3 is hacA predicted to encode a bZIP transcription factor, whereas the UV-endonuclease UVE-1 was significantly down-regulated by sas3. Furthermore, our Western blot analyses suggest that Sas3 likely catalyzes acetylation of H3K9, K3K14, and H3K29 in A. fumigatus. In conclusion, Sas3 is associated with diverse biological processes and can be a potential target for controlling pathogenic fungi.

Objective: To evaluate the use of CDK4/6 inhibitors as a risk factor for medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ) in a cohort of patients with metastatic breast cancer treated with denosumab. Methods: multicentre, retrospective, observational study. All patients with breast cancer treated with denosumab (January 2011-December 2022) were included. The relationship between CDK4/6 inhibitors and MRONJ was analysed. Results: 243 patients were included, ninety-five (44.2%) used a CDK4/6 inhibitor. There were 21 patients with MRONJ. In patients treated with denosumab without CDK4/6 inhibitors the incidence of MRONJ and mean time to the occurrence of MRONJ was 6.6% (8/120) and 16.8 months (SD 7.8) respectively. In patients treated with denosumab and CDK4/6 inhibitor 13.7% (13/95) and 15.4 month (SD 8.7) respectively. The difference in the incidence was not significant (p=0.085). Conclusion: it suggest that the incidence of MRONJ in patients with metastatic breast cancer treated with denosumab was higher and the onset of MRONJ occurred earlier in the presence of CDK4/6 inhibitors. Although the difference was not significant, given that the use of this combination is very common in routine clinical practice, it would be advisable to carry out larger prospective studies to clarify the risk of this association.

This research investigates the environmental characteristics of the saline lake in the Jiangling depression, southwestern Jianghan Basin from Paleocene to Eocene using bulk-rock geochemistry. The ratios of FeO/MnO, Al2O3/MgO and C-value indicate a semi-humid to semi-arid climate in the early-middle Paleocene. There was a rapid shift to a humid climate during the late Paleocene to early Eocene, following a short-time intense dryness. The Eocene climate was arid, but experienced intermittent humidity. The variation trend of CIA, CIW and PIA is similar to that of FeO/MnO, Al2O3/MgO and C-value, so the chemical weathering was influenced by climate changes. The redox conditions of lake in the Jiangling depression during Paleocene to Eocene were reconstructed using the ratios of U/Th, Ni/Co, and V/Cr. In the humidity and alternations of aridity and humidity, the lake water received external water input, resulting in weak stratification, so the sediments were in oxidation condition. In the aridity, lakes become a still water environments, leading to sediments formed in reduced condition. The salinity of the lake in Jiangling depression from Paleocene to Eocene was determined through the analysis of sedimentary sequences and the change of Sr/Ba ratio. In the early-middle Paleocene, the salinity of lake varied greatly. From the late Paleocene to the early Eocene, the salinity of lake decreased. In the Eocene, the salinity of the lake increased, and the halite precipitated, and finally the salinity of the lake decreased due to humid climate.

Plants have been used in alternative medicine for centuries in the treatment of many diseases with the metabolites they contain. The goal of this work was to investigate the phenolic profile, antioxidant capacity and biological activity of I. helenium subsp. pseudohelenium extracts. Phe-nolic (HPLC) substances in leaf ethanol (L-EtOH), leaf pure water (L-PW), root ethanol (R-EtOH), and root pure water (R-PW) extracts of Inula helenium subsp. pseudohelenium plant were investi-gated. Also, in vitro the antimicrobial (hollow agar), antioxidant (DPPH, ABTS.+, FRAP, CU-PRAC), antiproliferative (MTT assay against HT-29, MCF-7 and L-929), and DNA (Agarose gel electrophoresis) protective activities of the samples were examined. Although gallic acid was not detected in the extracts, the presence of curcumin was detected only in EtOH extracts. L-EtOH exhibited the best antimicrobial activity. According to the antioxidant results, it was found that the L-EtOH extract had an activity profile close to the standard antioxidants in general. It was also found that the L-EtOH extract stabilized the DNA by disrupting the scavenging effect of H2O2+DMSO. According to the antiproliferative activity results, EtOH extracts exhibited the strongest effect, especially against MCF7. When evaluated in general terms, it was found that L-EtOH extract showed better activity than other extracts. It is important to conduct more in vivo and in vitro studies after isolating the active components of extracts e.g. L-EtOH, which have good effects in terms of biological activity.

Myocastor coypus is a pest animal present in Africa, Europe, North America, and Asia that causes agricultural and ecological damages. Moreover, it has to be considered as a potential risk for public health. Forty-four Nutrias from the “Parco Naturale La Mandria” (Piedmont region, Northwest Italy) have been analysed. A complete necropsy and a whole histological evaluation of liver, kidney and lung have been carried out on all the animals. Moreover, the positivity to Hepatitis E Virus (HEV), Encephalomyocarditis virus (EMCV), Francisella spp., Toxoplasma gondii and Neospora caninum have been investigated. None of the animal resulted positive for HEV, EMCV, Francisella spp. or Neospora caninum. Two animals tested positive for Toxoplasma gondii. A high presence of histological lesions has been identified in different organs, suggesting that lesions could be induced by different pathogens. As previously reported, Nutria can act as a host for several pathogens, including important agents for human and animal health, and surveillance is necessary, to fully understand the biological role and the importance of coypu as a disease reservoir in our country.

High-rise buildings represent technological, urban and life-style trends of the modern urban landscape, yet there are limited data regarding their embodied carbon and environmental impacts, particularly when compared to low- or mid-rise buildings. Given that the projected growth of the global urban population by 2050 requires cities with higher density and potentially greater number of high-rise buildings, it is crucial to develop a clear understanding of the embodied carbon and environmental impacts of high-rise buildings. This article utilizes the building in-formation modelling (BIM) based life cycle assessment (LCA) in Revit and Tally to examine the embodied carbon and environmental impacts of an actual high-rise building structure case-study in Chicago that uses hybrid concrete steel structure. The results show that the embodied carbon and environmental impacts of the high-rise building structure are dominated by the impacts of the product stage in the building life cycle, and concrete as the main structural material. Specifically, this study reveals that concrete constitutes a substantial 91% share of the total mass of the building structure, with 74% contribution to life cycle global warming potential, 53% to acidification po-tential, 74% to eutrophication potential, 74% to smog formation potential, and 68% to non-renewable energy. On the other hand, steel accounts for 9% of the building structure mass, estimated to constitute 26% of the global warming potential, 47% to acidification potential, 26% to eutrophication potential, 26% to smog formation potential, and 32% to non-renewable energy.

The North American Monsoon (NAM) in southern Arizona continues to be a topic of interest to ecologists, climatologists, and citizens as well as the triggers and characteristics of plant growth and reproduction in relation to the onset of the monsoon. In researching the onset of the North American Monsoon (NAM) in south-central Arizona relative to the phenology of Saguaro cactus (Carnegiea gigantea) and other Sonoran Desert species we identified interesting and previously unreported features in the NAM rainfall data. We present preliminary descriptive analyses of (1) monsoon onset as measured by the first day after June 1 with precipitation ≥10 mm (1990-2022), (2) first day of year warming of Sea Surface temperatures (SST) in the Gulf of California to ≥29º C measured across five open-sea blocks (mean 9452 km2), and (3) El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) anomaly with a threshold of +/- 0.5º C for the Oceanic Niño Index (ONI) in the Niño 3.4 region (5ºN-5ºS, 120º-170ºW). Three patterns emerge from our analyses: (1) The day of the year of monsoon onset occurs approximately 12 days earlier in the year from 1990-2022 in south-central Arizona. (2) There appears to be a signal in the rainfall onset data very roughly approximating cycles of ENSO Oceanic Niño Index (ONI) anomalies in Niño region 3.4. (3) Gulf of California sea surface temperature (SST) and monsoon onset data support an expected link between the timing of SST warming and monsoon rainfall onset.

This study explores an eco-friendly approach to synthesizing silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using soybean leaf extracts, employing a reaction with silver nitrate at 65°C for 2.5 h. Optimal results were achieved at extract concentrations of 3.12 and 6.25 mg leaf mL-1, termed 3.12AgNP and 6.25AgNP, respectively. UV-Vis spectrophotometric analysis between 350-550 nm exhibited a peak at 410-430 nm, along with a color transition in the suspensions from pale yellow to brown, indicating successful synthesis. Dynamic light scattering (DLS) further delineated favorable properties of these AgNPs, including nanometric dimensions (73–104 nm), negative charge, and moderate polydispersity, portraying stable and reproducible synthesis reactions. The bioreduction mechanism, possibly expedited by leaf extract constituents such as amino acids, phenolic acids, and polysaccharides, remains to be fully elucidated. Notably, the study underscored the potent nematicidal effectiveness of the biosynthesized AgNPs, especially 6.25AgNP, against Pratylenchus brachyurus, a common plant parasitic nematode in tropical soybean cultivation regions. In vitro tests illustrated significant nematicidal activity at concentrations above 25 µmol L-1, while in vivo experiments displayed pronounced nematode population diminishment in plant roots, particularly with a 6.25AgNP rhizosphere application at concentrations of 500 µmol L-1 or twice at 250 µmol L-1, attaining a reproduction factor below 1 without any morphological nematode alterations. The research highlights the potential of 6.25AgNPs derived from soybean leaf extracts in forging sustainable nematicidal solutions, marking a significant stride towards eco-friendly phytonematode management in soybean cultivation. This novel methodology signals a promising avenue in harnessing botanical resources for nematode control, propelling a greener agricultural horizon.

Age-related myelination decrease is considered one of the likely mechanisms of cognitive decline. The present study is based on the longitudinal assessment of global and regional myelination of the normal adult human brain using the fast macromolecular fraction (MPF) mapping. Additional markers were age-related changes in white matter (WM) hyperintensities on FLAIR-MRI and the levels of anti-myelin autoantibodies in serum. Eleven healthy subjects (33–60 years in the first study) were scanned twice, 7 years apart. An age-related decrease in MPF was found in global WM, GM, and mixed WM-GM, as well as in 48 out of 82 examined WM and GM regions. The greatest decrease in MPF was observed for the frontal WM (2-5%), genu of the corpus callosum (CC) (4.0%) and caudate nucleus (5.9%). The age-related decrease in MPF significantly correlated with an increase in the level of antibodies against myelin basic protein (MBP) in serum (r = 0.69 and r = 0.63 for global WM and mixed WM-GM, correspondingly). The volume of FLAIR hyperintensities increased with age but did not correlate with MPF changes and the levels of anti-myelin antibodies. MPF mapping showed high sensitivity to age-related changes in brain myelination, providing the feasibility of this method in clinics.

Polyvinyl Alcohol (PVA)/ Graphene Quantum Dots (GQDs) polymer nanocomposite films have been prepared, and the relationship between their structural, thermal and nanoscale morphologi-cal properties, and their photoluminescent response, has been investigated. Although according to X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR) and Differential Thermal Analysis (DTA) the incorporation of GQDs does not significantly affect the percentage crystallinity of the PVA matrix, for a range of added GQD concentrations, Atomic Force Micros-copy (AFM) showed the formation of islands with apparent crystalline morphology on the surface of the PVA/GQD films, with GQD presumably acting as a nucleating agent for island growth. The incorporation of GQD also led to the formation of characteristic surface pores with increased stiffness and frictional contrast, according to Ultrasonic Force Microscopy (UFM) and Frictional Force Microscopy (FFM) data. The photoluminescence (PL) spectra of the films were found to de-pend both on the amount of GQD incorporated and on the film morphology. For GQD loads > 1,2wt%, a GQD-related band was observed at ~ 1650 cm-1 in FT-IR, along with an increase in the PL band at lower energy. For a load of ~2wt% GQD, the surface morphology was characterized by extended cluster aggregates with lower stiffness and friction than the surrounding matrix, and the PL signal decreased.

Rabson-Mendenhall syndrome is a rare autosomal recessive disorder characterized by severe insulin resistance, resulting in early-onset diabetes mellitus. We are reporting the first case of Rabson-Mendenhall syndrome in a Paraguayan patient. The patient is a 5-year-old girl who presented with hypertrichosis, acanthosis nigricans, and nephrocalcinosis. Genetic testing by NGS revealed two pathogenic variants in exons 2 and 18 of the INSR gene; c.332G&gt;T (p. Gly111Val) and c.3485C&gt;T (p. Ala1162Val), in combined heterozygosis. The novel INSR c. 332G&gt;T variant leads to the substitution of glycine to valine at position 111 in the protein, and multiple in silico software predicted it as pathogenic. The c. 3485C&gt;T variant leads to the substitution of alanine to valine at position 1162 in the protein previously described for insulin resistance and Rabson-Mendenhall syndrome. The management of Rabson-Mendenhall syndrome is particularly challenging in children, and the use of metformin is often limited by its side effects. The patient was managed with nutritional measures due to the early age of onset. This report expands the knowledge of Rabson-Mendenhall syndrome to the Paraguayan population and adds a novel pathogenic variant to the existing literature.

As drone technology is rapidly becoming accessible to school children in terms of both low cost and ease-of-use, primary and secondary school teachers are beginning to consider where modern drones can play an important role in schooling. To date, there is very little empirical education research printed in the education research literature guiding innovative curriculum developers in the incipient domain of drone education. As a result, teachers interested in including emerging technologies in their classrooms are often at a loss of where to begin. Through clinical interviews with schoolteachers in the United States, our study identified five readily accessible “departure points” to include drones in contemporary STEM &amp; vocational technology (CTE) school classrooms that help teachers address common curricular goals. Taken together, these interviews reveal that teachers using drones follow one of several distinct pathways as a first step toward achieving a widespread goal of teaching students to use modern technologies to construct, pursue, and communicate findings of fruitful research inquiries—the prevalence of which is not reflected in a comprehensive literature review. The five pathways for starting a successful drone education emerging from the interview data as dominant were: timed-racing trials; precision-flight obstacle courses; computer coding; videography; and domain-specific knowledge of drone operations laws and ethics.

Postmenopausal abnormal uterine bleeding is a common clinical problem addressed in gynecological practice and should prompt clinical investigation due to the significant prevalence of malignant and premalignant lesions of endometrium in this age group. Nevertheless, other causes should be considered since its diagnostic and therapeutic management may differ considerably. Here, we present a case of a colouterine fistula due to chronic diverticulitis presenting with postmenopausal abnormal uterine bleeding. This is extremely rare and is caused by the rupture of a diverticular abscess into the uterine wall, resulting in an inflammatory adhesion of the colon and uterus, with necrosis and subsequent fistula formation. The clinical presentation is variable and may include abdominal pain, gastrointestinal tract symptoms, vaginal discharge and abnormal uterine bleeding. The laboratory and imaging techniques may be not completely conclusive and definitive diagnosis can be made intraoperatively. There are different treatment options, being the en bloc resection and primary anastomosis the most used, allowing complete treatment. The prognosis for a colouterine fistula secondary to diverticulitis is excellent after surgery. This case highlights the importance of clinical suspicion of an unusual cause of uterine bleeding and an effective and multidisciplinary approach that allowed complete surgical treatment and patient recovery.

Traditional shipping ships abbreviated as Pelra have a different character from conventional ships. Hypothetically, the application of Safety Management System (SMS) on Pelra is influenced by technical and non-technical factors. These factors are control variables and determinants of action priorities if SMS is applied to the safety of traditional shipping, so that it has implications as a basis for formulating and developing safety policies for traditional shipping transportation in an effort to reduce the risk of accidents. This research uses Structural Equation Modeling by analyzing expert opinions. The results of the analysis show that technical and non-technical factors have a direct and interconnected effect on Pelra safety management. The dominant influences are non-technical factors of authority and responsibility of the company and crew as well as the feasibility of ship construction as technical and environmental factors..

Background: Staphylococcus aureus is a ubiquitous organism that normally colonizes the human body and causes food poisoning. Aim: This study aimed to determine the rate of nasal carriage of S. aureus among food handlers in Sana’a restaurants in, Yemen and performed an antibacterial susceptibility test. Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out among healthy food handlers from November 2022 to March 2023. Approximately 420 nasal swabs were collected and S. aureus was isolated and identified according to standard bacteriological procedures. Moreover, the antibacterial susceptibility pattern was determined using the disc diffusion method. Additionally, the required data were obtained by using the pretested questionnaire. Results: Of 420 nasal swabs, 78 (18.6%) food handlers were S. aureus nasal carriers. The prevalence rate of S. aureus was significantly higher among subjects aged >30 years (23.1%), males (18.8%), and uneducated subjects (25%). Additionally, a higher rate of S. aureus nasal carriers was observed among food handlers who worked as cooks (19.4%), had less than 2 years of experience (20.5%), and had low hygiene (29%). The S. aureus isolates were sensitive to ciprofloxacin (71.8%), vancomycin (76.9%), and amoxicillin-clavulanic acid (61%). Conversely, the isolated S. aureus was resistant to oxacillin (69.2%) and methicillin (66.7%). Conclusion: These data stress that food handlers with a high S. aureus nasal carrier rate may pose significant risks to consumers. Therefore, creating restaurant policies and rules is necessary to provide safe and healthy food to consumers.

In recent decades, microwave photonic channelization has developed rapidly. Characterized by low loss, high versatility, large instantaneous bandwidth, and immunity to electromagnetic interference, microwave photonic channelization techniques coincides with the requirements of modern radar and electronic warfare for receivers. The advanced microresonator-based optical frequency combs are promising platforms for the research of the photonic channelized receivers, which take full advantage of multicarrier and large bandwidth, and accelerate the integration process of microwave photonic channelized receivers. In this paper, we review the research progress and trends in microwave photonic channelization, focusing on schemes that utilize integrated microcombs. Finally, we discuss the potentials of microcomb-based RF channelization, as well as the challenges and limitations, and provide routes and perspectives for future developments in the context of on-chip silicon-based photonics.

Background: The current standard technique for vascular grafting in cerebral revascularization surgery is through the interposition of an autologous blood vessel. Technical complications have necessitated the development of a synthetic alternative, but classical biomaterials are not suited for small caliber vascular grafting due to neointimal hyperplasia and thrombosis. Electrospinning of polymers is a promising technique for the development of small vascular grafts. The in vivo performance and efficacy of electrospun polyurethane (ePU) grafts with an internal diameter of < 1.5 mm have thus far not been evaluated. Methods: We developed a novel ePU graft with a diameter of 1.25 mm for implantation into the infrarenal aorta of rats. Results: Patency rates of grafts after a four-month-period were equal to those reported in other studies with larger ePU graft diameters, and equal or higher than in studies with other biomaterials. We observed some loss in flow velocity throughout the grafts, which suggests a decreased elasticity of the graft compared to native rat aorta. However, the grafts demonstrated good neo-endothelialization and minimal neointimal hyperplasia. Their porosity promoted cellular infiltration, as shown on tissue slide examination. Conclusion: Our results show that ePU vascular grafts with internal diameter of < 1.5 mm are promising candidates for vascular grafting in cerebral revascularization surgery.

Solar flares are broadly classified as impulsive or gradual. Ions accelerated in a gradual flare are thought to be accelerated through a shock acceleration mechanism, but the particle acceleration process in an impulsive flare is still largely unexplored. To understand the acceleration process, it is necessary to measure the high-energy gamma-rays and neutrons produced by the impulsive flare. Under such circumstances, on November 7, 2004, a huge X2.0 flare occurred on the solar surface, where ions were accelerated to energies greater than 10 GeV. The accelerated primary protons collided with the solar atmosphere and produced line gamma-rays and neutrons. These particles were received as neutrons and line gamma-rays, respectively. Neutrons of a few GeV, on the other hand, decay to produce secondary protons while traveling 0.06 au in the solar-terrestrial space. These secondary protons arrived at the magnetopause. Although the flux of secondary protons is very low, the effect of collecting secondary protons arriving in a wide region of the magnetosphere (the Funnel or Horn effect) has resulted in significant signals being received by the solar neutron telescope at Mt. Sierra Negra (4,600 m). This information suggests that ions on the solar surface are accelerated to over 10 GeV with an impulsive flare.

The manufacturing geometrical variability in axial compressors is a stochastic source of uncertainty, implying that the real geometry differs from the nominal design. This causes the real geometry to lose the ideal axial symmetry. Considering the aerofoils of a stator vane, the geometrical variability affects the flow traversing it. This impacts the downstream rotor, especially when considering the aeroelastic excitation forces. Optical surface scans coupled with a parametrization method allow for acquiring the information relative to the real aerofoils geometries. The measured data are included in a multi-passage and multi-stage CFD setup to represent the mistuned flow. In particular, low excitation harmonics on the rotor vane are introduced due to the geometrical deviations of the upstream stator. The introduced low engine orders as well as their amplitude depend on the stator geometries and their order. A method is proposed to represent the phenomena in a reduced CFD domain, limiting the size and number of solutions required to probabilistically describe the rotor excitation forces. The resulting rotor excitation forces are reconstructed as a superposition of disturbances due to individual stator aerofoils geometries. This indicates that the problem is linear in in the combination of disturbances from single passages.

In this study, a new empirical equation was established to predict the sedimentation volume resulting from the construction of a multipurpose weir or low-head dam. The study employed a one-dimensional numerical model (STAFF) to investigate the key parameters affecting sedimentation volume. Short-term predictions were conducted through laboratory experiments with movable bed, and the results indicated that dimensionless unit stream power and the Shields parameter exhibited the most significant correlation with dimensionless deposition volume. Using a multiple regression approach, an empirical equation was formulated and validated for predicting sedimentation in the upstream reservoir of the weir.

Background Frequent presenters (FPs) define a group of individual who visit hospital emergency depart-ment (ED) frequently for urgent care. Many among the group present with main diagnosis of mental health conditions. This group of individual tend to use ED resources disproportionally and significantly affect overall healthcare outcome. No previous reviews have examined the profiles of FPs with mental health conditions. Aims This study aims to identify the key socio-demographic and clinical characteristics of patients who frequently present to ED with mental health primary diagnosis by performing systemic review from existing literature. Method PRISMA guideline was used. PubMed, PsycINFO, Scopus and Web of Science (WOS) were searched in May 2023. A manual search on reference list of included articles were conducted at same time. Covidence was used to perform extraction and screening, completed by two authors independently. Inclusion and exclusion criteria were defined. Results The abstracts of 3341 non-duplicate articles were screened with 40 full texts assessed for eligi-bility. 20 studies were included from 2004-2022 conducted in 6 countries with total patient number of 25688 (52% male, 48% female, mean age 40.7 years old). 27% were unemployed, 20% married, 41% homeless, and 17% had tertiary or above education. 44% had history of substance abuse or alcohol dependence. Top 3 diagnosis are found to be anxiety disorders (44%), depressive disorders (39%) and schizophrenia spectrum and other psychotic disorders (33%). Conclusion On average, FPs are middle aged and equally prevalent in both gender. Current data lacks rep-resentation for gender diverse group. They are significantly associated with high rate of unem-ployment, homelessness, lower than average education level, and being single. Anxiety disor-der, depressive disorder, and schizophrenia spectrum disorders are the most common clinical diagnosis associated with the group.

Analysis of telomere length is an important component of many studies aiming to characterize the role of telomere maintenance mechanisms in cellular lifespan, disease, or in general chromosome protection and DNA replication pathways. Several powerful methods to accurately measure telomere length from Southern blots have been developed, but their utility for large-scale genomic studies has not been previously evaluated. Here we performed comparative analysis of two recently developed programs, TeloTool and WALTER, for extracting mean telomere length values from Southern blots. Using both software packages, we measured telomere length in two extensive experimental datasets for the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana, consisting of 537 natural accessions and 65 T-DNA mutant lines in the Col-0 reference background. We report that TeloTool substantially overestimates telomere length in comparison to WALTER, especially for values over 4,500 bp. Importantly, TeloTool and WALTER-calculated telomere length values correlate the most in the 2,100-3,500 bp range, suggesting that telomeres in this size interval can be estimated by both programs equally well. We further show that genome-wide association studies using datasets from both telomere length analysis tools can detect the most significant SNP candidates equally well. However, GWAS analysis with the WALTER dataset consistently detects fewer significant SNPs than analysis with the TeloTool dataset, regardless of the GWAS method used. These results imply that telomere length data generated by WALTER may represent a more stringent approach to GWAS and SNP selection for downstream molecular screening of candidate genes. Overall, our work revealed the unanticipated impact of telomere length analysis method on the outcomes of large-scale genomic screens.

A simple bounded stochastic motion is employed for modelling equity price dynamics under shocks, where the prices are constrained to lie between two positive bounds. While the stochastic process has an inaccessible boundary, the other boundary is quasi-bounded, implying that the boundary can be breached if the probability leakage condition is met. The quasi-boundedness of the process at the boundary can thus provide an indicator of possible risk of equities under price shocks. Empirical calibration of model parameters of the proposed process for equities can be performed easily due to the availability of an analytically tractable probability density function which generates fat-tailed distributions consistent with empirical observations. The volatility and mean-reversion of the S&P500 dynamics calibrated by the process is positively and negatively co-integrated respectively with the VIX index representing the level of market distress. The process captures the high likelihood of Hertz’s default about two months earlier, using only information until that point, and before the firm filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy in May 2020 as a result of the Covid-19 pandemic. Empirical calibration of the process for GameStop’s stock price shows that the short squeeze of the stock occurred when the condition for breaching an upper boundary was met on 14 January 2021, i.e., about two weeks before major short sellers closed out their positions with significant losses. The trading volume of the stock was positively co-integrated with the probability leakage ratio.

Study of differential equation theory has come a long way with applications in the various fields. In 1961, Zygmund and Calderón introduced the notion of derivatives on metric Lr which proved to be better in applications than approximate derivatives. But most of the studies involved are on fuzzy set theory, so it seems likely that intuitionistic fuzzy Lr - norm - based derivatives deserve study. In the study, the fuzzy derivative is extended to intuitionistic fuzzy derivatives with respect.to Lr - norm - based derivatives using intuitionistic fuzzy number valued functions. The efficacy of the proposed method is established by proving the associated theorems along with numerical examples. Further, the Cauchy problem is also studied with respect to intuitionistic fuzzy setting.

Shared micromobility has gained significant attention in the field of transportation engineering in recent years as an environmentally friendly, convenient, and easily accessible transportation mode. Like other medium-sized cities, Birmingham, Alabama implemented a shared micromobility pilot program in 2021 that captured the attention of local travelers. This study examined shared e-scooter usage and associated travel patterns in Birmingham using 2021-2022 field data. From these data, ArcGIS maps were used to showcase trip origins and destinations. To gain a further understanding of e-scooter travel patterns in the study area, zip code and block group densities were calculated. Additionally, a negative binomial regression model was constructed to identify determinants of shared e-scooter trips. The analysis results showed that the usage of shared e-scooters was the highest during the nighttime, on weekends, and in the fall season. Furthermore, the research findings indicated that shared e-scooters experienced their highest utilization rates in areas with a higher proportion of educated and higher-income individuals. These findings suggest that travelers’ mode choice related to the use of micromobility modes is influenced by environmental and demographic factors. Overall, this case study offers valuable contributions to the understanding of the role of shared e-scooters in Birmingham's transportation landscape and can guide transportation authorities in other medium-sized cities in their efforts to plan for micromobility options.

Handwriting is a form of biometric behavioral characteristic with evident individual distinctiveness. With the surge of the deep learning trend and the demand for forensic identification, handwriting identification has become one of the focal points of research in the field of pattern recognition. The research on handwriting identification in major world languages has reached a mature stage. However, there is still a notable lack of relevant research in the field of Mongolian handwriting identification, despite the fact that Mongolian is used by over 4 million people in China. This paper embarks on an initial exploration of Mongolian handwriting identification by constructing a convolutional neural network named MWInet-12. In this paper, the model evaluation experiments were conducted using a dataset comprising 156,372 samples contributed by 125 authors from the MOLHW dataset. The dataset was divided into training, validation, and test sets in an 8:1:1 ratio. The final results of the experiments reveal impressive accuracy on the test set, achieving a top-1 accuracy of 89.60% and a top-5 accuracy of 97.53%. Furthermore, through comparative experiments involving Resnet, Fragnet, and GRRNN models, this paper establishes that the proposed model yields the most favorable results for Mongolian handwriting identification.

Curcumin, a major constituent of turmeric, has beneficial effects against several diseases. In cystic fibrosis (CF), this compound potentiates the activity of a number of cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) mutants. Despite holding promise in the treatment of CF, the curcumin binding site in CFTR and the molecular mechanism of activation of this channel are still unknown. The results of the study, based on docking and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, allow to propose that curcumin binds the closed ATP-free CFTR near the NBD1/ ICl1/ICl4 interface. The bound ligand, once approached by NBD2 during transient channel opening, lays at a multiple interdomain cross point. Thereafter, curcumin can bridge NBD1 and NBD2, and also ICL1/ICL4 and ICL2/ICL3 finally tightening the same interdomain interactions that normally uphold the active conformation in the wild type ATP-bound CFTR. The proposed binding site is compatible with biochemical observations made in previous CFTR-curcumin interaction studies. These findings provide the framework for the design of novel drugs that activate CFTR mutants characterized by defects in ATP binding and/or NBD dimerization, or even lacking NBD2.

Recent findings have demonstrated an increase in the prevalence of childhood obesity and overweight in Portugal, urging the need to study modifiable risk factors such as parental feeding practices. The Comprehensive Feeding Practices Questionnaire (CFPQ) is an important self-report measure assessing a broad range of responsive and non-responsive feeding practices. However, the CFPQ has not yet been validated in Portugal. Therefore, the present study aimed to test the validity of this measure with Portuguese parents of 2- to 8-year-old children. A sample of 409 parents completed a Portuguese-adapted version of the CFPQ and the already validated Child Feeding Questionnaire (CFQ). Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA), Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA), and psychometric analysis were conducted. CFA demonstrated the original 12-factor structure did not fit the sample. EFA identified an 8-factor structure, comprising 29 items: Monitoring, Modeling, Environment, Involvement, Emotion Regulation, Restriction for Weight Control, Restriction for Health, and Pressure. Findings suggest that parental feeding practices are sensitive to parents’ background culture and children’s developmental period.

Type 2 diabetes (T2D) has a complex pathophysiology which makes modeling the disease difficult. We aimed to develop a novel model for simulating T2D in vitro, including hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia, and variably elevated insulin levels targeting muscle cells. We investigated insulin resistance (IR), cellular respiration, mitochondrial morphometry and the associated function in different T2D -mimicking conditions in rodent skeletal (C2C12) and cardiac (H9C2) myotubes. Physiological controls included 5mM glucose with 20mM mannitol as osmotic controls. To mimic hyperglycemia, cells were exposed to 25mM glucose. Further treatments included insulin, palmitate, or both. After short-term (24h) or long-term (96h) exposure, we performed radioactive glucose uptake and mitochondrial function assays. Mitochondrial size and relative frequencies were assessed by morphometric analyses using electron micrographs. C2C12 and H9C2 cells treated short- or long-term with insulin and/or palmitate and HG showed IR. C2C12 myotubes exposed to T2D -mimicking conditions showed significantly decreased ATP-linked respiration and spare respiratory capacity, and less cytoplasmic area occupied by mitochondria, implying mitochondrial dysfunction. In contrast, H9C2 myotubes showed elevated ATP-linked and maximal respiration and increased cytoplasmic area occupied by mitochondria, indicating better adaptation to stress and compensatory lipid oxidation in a T2D environment. Both cell lines displayed elevated fractions of swollen/vacuolated mitochondria after T2D -mimicking treatments.Our stable and reproducible in vitro model of T2D rapidly induced IR, changes in ATP-linked respiration, shifts in energetic phenotypes, and mitochondrial morphology, which are comparable to the muscles of patients suffering from T2D. Thus, our model should allow studying disease mechanisms, potential new targets, and screen candidate therapeutic compounds.

This paper describes developing and analyzing an analytical model of Microelectromechanical Systems (MEMS) internal vibrating ring gyroscope. The internal ring structure consists of eight semicircular beams attached to the externally placed anchors. The paper analyses the vibrating ring gyroscope inplane displacement behavior and the resulting elliptical vibrational modes. The elliptical vibrational modes appear as pairs with the same resonance frequency due to the symmetric nature of the design. The analysis commences by conceptualizing the ring as a geometric structure with a circular shape, possessing specific dimensions such as thickness, height, and radius. We construct a linear model that characterizes the vibrational dynamics of the internal vibrating ring. The analysis encompasses comprehensive mathematical formulations for the radial and tangential displacements in local polar coordinates, considering the inextensional displacement of the ring structure. By utilizing the derived equations, we highlight the underlying relationships driving the vibrational characteristics of the MEMS vibrating ring gyroscope. These dynamic vibrational relationships are essential in enabling the vibrating ring gyroscope's future utilization in accurate navigation and motion sensing technologies.

In light of the hazardous effects of global warming brought on by climate change, bioethanol production is one of the key alternatives in which the world has expressed a great deal of interest. Two factors—indigenous production and price—are crucial for bioethanol to be appealing in Africa and, for that matter, Ghana. The objective of this research is to produce bioethanol from cheap lignocellulosic materials using onsite enzymes produced from cassava peels degrading fungi. Due to Ghana's prominent position as one of the leading cassava producers in the world, the study focused on utilizing cassava peels, which are underutilized in the country. The research was conducted in multiple stages. In the first stage, the peels were prepared by washing, drying, and manually crushing them using mortar and pestle. The second stage involved analyzing the chemical composition of the peels, including starch and insoluble fibre, which were determined as Acid Detergent Fiber (ADF), Neutral Detergent Fiber (NDF), and Acid Detergent Lignin (ADL). The results showed significant levels of cellulose (39.78%) and starch (31.21%), indicating that cassava peels are valuable raw materials for bioethanol production. The content of hemicellulose (21.11%) and lignin (3.84%) were also determined. In the third stage, using a Petri dish, three fungi (ICPF1, ICPF2, and ICPF3) were isolated from two different cassava peels. ICPF1 was only identified from fresh cassava peels (FCP), while all three fungi were identified from decayed cassava peels (DCP). Morphologically, these fungi were identified as Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus flavus, and Rhizopus stolonifer. The fourth stage focused on optimizing the enzyme activity of the three isolates for potential applications, with A. niger demonstrating the highest enzyme activity with a diameter of zone of clearance of 16 mm. Stage five involved optimizing the production of the onsite enzyme in a 50ml flask using A. niger, basal salt medium (BSM), and cassava peels as a substrate. The DNSA method was used to measure the absorbance of maltose and glucose at 540 nm for various substrate concentrations (1%, 3%, 5%, 8%, and 10%) at specific intervals of 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10 days with a spore concentration of 2.1 x 105 cells/ml. The maltose and glucose concentrations were calculated as 7.138mg/ml and 6.398 mg/ml, respectively, and the corresponding enzyme activity was determined as 4.759U/ml and 4.265U/ml. The optimal conditions of Day 4 and a substrate concentration of 10%, along with a fixed temperature of 30°C and a pH of 5.5, were used to prepare the onsite enzymes in a 500 ml flask for the fermentation process. The onsite enzymes were used for saccharification and Saccharomyces cerevisiae for fermentation under simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) process. A mixture of 20 ml of onsite enzymes and 1.5 g of S. cerevisiae were added to substrate concentrations of 5%, 10%, and 20%, and the ethanol concentration was analyzed daily for 7 days using Gas Chromatography (GC). The highest ethanol concentration (1.316%) was observed on Day 5 with a substrate concentration of 20%, while the lowest concentration (0.123%) was recorded on Day 1 with a substrate concentration of 5%.

The purpose of this study is to identify the different effects exerted by planting density and nitrogen fertilization on high-salinity Reclaimed Paddy Fields(RPF) and General Paddy Fields(GPF), and to find the amount of fertilization and the planting density suitable for the growth of forage rice in each paddy field. In both experimental locations, there was no significant change in the soil due to N treatment, but in the case of RPF, electrical conductivity(EC) decreased significantly from more than 5dS/m to up to 2.87dS/m during the yellow ripe stage due to the influence of floods and concentrated precipitation on the fields. In all soils, as both the amount of N treatment and the planting density increased, there was a proportional relationship in which the number of tillers and the dry weight also increased, with the occurrence of lodging also being increased. The dry weight, as expected, was 1.5 times higher at a planting distance of 10 cm, rather than 16 cm. In addition, in both locations N treatment led to an increase in the dry weight, but when N treatment reached 400kg/ha (2.0), the dry weight decreased instead. Moreover, although there was no clear difference in feed value according to N treatment, in RPF, neutral detergent fiber(NDF) was higher than 60%, RFV was less than 98, and TDN was also low, confirming that the quality of rice was higher in GPF.

Oxidative stress is one of the primary instigators of the onset of various human ailments, including cancers, cardiovascular diseases, and dementia. Particularly, oxidative stress has a severe effect on low-density lipoprotein (LDL) oxidation, leading to several detrimental health effects. Thereof, in this study, the effect of beeswax alcohol (BWA) was evaluated to prevent LDL oxidation, enhancement of paraoxonase 1 (PON-1) activity of high-density lipoprotein (HDL), and zebrafish embryo survivability. Furthermore, the implication of BWA consumption on the oxidative plasma variables was assessed by a preliminary clinical study on middle and older human subjects (n=50). Results support BWA augmentation of PON-1 activity in a dose-dependent manner (10-30 μM), which was significantly better them the effect exerted by coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10). Moreover, BWA significantly curtails CuSO4 (final 0.5 μM) evoked LDL/apo-B oxidation and a marked reduction of lipid peroxidation in LDL. The transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis revealed a healing effect of BWA towards the restoration of LDL morphology and size impaired by the exposure of Cu2+ ions (final 0.5 μM). Additionally, BWA counter carboxymethyllysine (CML, 500 ng) induced toxicity and rescued zebrafish embryos from development deformities and apoptotic cell death. A completely randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled preliminary clinical study on middle and older-aged human subjects (n=50) exhibited that 12 weeks of BWA (100 mg/day) supplementation efficiently diminished serum malondialdehyde (MDA), total hydroperoxides, and enhanced total antioxidant status by 25%, 27%, and 22%, respectively, compared to the placebo control and baseline values. Furthermore, the consumption of BWA did not exhibit any noteworthy changes in anthropometric profile, lipid profile, glucose levels, and biomarkers pertinent to kidney and liver function, thus confirming the safety of BWA for consumption. Conclusively, BWA prevents LDL oxidation, enhances PON-1 activity in HDL, and has a positive impact on the oxidative variables of human subjects.

Religious harmony performs a key role in preserving political and worldwide stability. Internationally it's far crucial to stay in a non-violent and harmonious environment, mainly in a society composed of believers of various races and religions. Relations among religions are normal. Failure to hold religious harmony can plunge society into battle and chaos. Therefore, the cause of this newsletter is to record in element the elements that affect the sustainable harmony among multi-religious societies. The record additionally emphasized that elements including acceptance, knowledge, cooperation, fairness, and justice are crucial elements in preserving religious harmony. Therefore, this paper pursuits to shape a solid idea of multi-sectarian harmony in society. It must additionally contribute to the improvement of a multi-religious society. Try to hold and construct a sturdy dating among them. Religious harmony is vital to make sure solidarity and team spirit amongst believers of more than one religion. A multi-religious society is a network with one-of-a-kind religions, including Islam, Buddhism, Hinduism, Christianity, etc. To stay in a non-violent and harmonious society, it's far very crucial to just accept believers from different religions in a selected network. From the angle of Islam, Islam is a faith that accepts the range of religions on this international however denies that every one religion is proper. So is the case in almost all religions. Religious pluralism may be described because of the range of religions on this international; however, withinside the idea of religious pluralism, it could be described because of the perception that every religion on this international is absolute truths. Pluralists trust that every one religion withinside the international is actual and have to be respected. It could be very crucial to recognize that everyone's proper statements are legitimate and deserve the same appreciation. This handiest method that fans of one religion have to be given different reality statements, including Muslims, Jews, Hindus, and others. However, from the angle of Islam, Islam accepts more than one religion however does now no longer understand that every one religion is proper. Recognizing the origins of various religions in a multi-religious society is the important thing to making sure harmony and solidarity withinside the international. Recognizing that religious range in a multi-religious society is a crucial component in preserving social harmony. For example, Muslims who cost the lifestyles of different religious groups (including Buddhists, Hindus, and Christians) can enhance inter-religious members of the society and deal with them kindly. Therefore, the popularity of the lifestyles of the religious range must be visible as a resounding component for a selected network. Everyone residing in a multi-religious society has to recognize and be given religious freedom. One must accept and appreciate the beliefs of different religions. Respect for the lifestyles of the religious range additionally contributes to political and countrywide stability. Respect also can enhance interreligious members of the society via way of means of acknowledging the lifestyles of various religious groups. Mutual appreciation, cooperation, tolerance, knowledge, and kindness are crucial elements in residing in a multi-ethnic and religious society. To hold a harmonious society, all multi-religious believers must have the proper and freedom to exercise their faith. It must now no longer be abandoned (Abdullah et al., 2016). Islam has usually emphasized the idea of justice (alAdl). All divine religions are of belief of religious harmony. By studying different religions, it is very clear that all religions are of the view to respect other religions and followers of different beliefs.

Edible insects can diversify diets, improve livelihoods, contribute to food and nutrition security, and have a smaller ecological impact. European Union has categorized insects as novel food, and recently, in 2021 and 2022, two species: Tenebrio molitor and Acheta domesticus have been authorized for commercialization. Acceptance and perception of food risk derived from insect consumption vary depending on factors impacting insect consumption acceptability, including neophobic tendencies, gender differences, familiarity, and gastronomic perceptions. The aim of this work was to evaluate the perception and acceptance of edible insects by exploring those factors. The study was carried out on higher education students from Universities from Valencia (Spain). Students recognize insects for their high nutritional value, particularly protein content, and have varying knowledge levels about specific nutritional components. In terms of labeling and marketing, removing health and sustainability benefits from packaging can improve consumer responses. Most respondents prefer clear labeling of insect derivatives, quality certification seals, and complete information about insect content. Students consider marketing and knowledge as significant influencers of insect consumption. In summary, the text highlights the multifaceted nature of insect consumption acceptability. These insights offer valuable perspectives on insect consumption dynamics.

Road collisions are among the world’s critical issues causing many casualties, deaths, and economic losses. To deal with this scenario, precise analysis is required. In this paper, we use Machine Learning (ML) techniques to assess and predict road traffic collisions. An ensemble machine learning model with two layers was developed to analyze simulation data from the driving simulator. The first (base) layer integrates supervised learning techniques namely, k- Nearest Neighbors (k-NN) AdaBoost, Naive Bayes (NB), and Decision Trees (DT). The second layer predicts road collisions by combining the base layer outputs by employing the stacking ensemble method using logistic regression as a meta-classifier. The data for this study were imbalanced; therefore, we performed a SMOTE resampling strategy to handle the dataset imbalance. To simplify the model, the PSO algorithm was used to select the most important features in our dataset. The two-layer ensemble model proposed had the best outcomes with an accuracy of 88%, F1 score of 83%, and an AUC of 86% as compared with k-NN, DT, NB, and AdaBoost.

The ongoing conflict in Syria and Iraq has caused many residents of these countries to flee. This study explored how these refugees cope with traumatic experiences from pre-migration to post-migration phases and how they develop resilience experiences at the individual, familial, and community levels. Data were collected through individual interviews and analyzed using Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis. A discussion of the findings revealed (1) a cumulative effect of prolonged adversity from pre-migration to resettlement phases; (2) the impacts of post-migration context as it facilitates refugees’ adjustment or leads to re-traumatization through increased marginalization; and (3) finally, an overview of refugees’ ongoing survival. Clinical implications are presented along with policy implications and future directions for research.

Preterm birth (PTB), a multi-causal syndrome, is one of the global epidemics. Maternal nutrition, but also neonatal and placental telomere length (TL), are among the factors affecting PTB risk. However, the exact relationship between these factors and the PTB outcome, remains obscure. The aim of this review, was to investigate the association between PTB, maternal nutrition and placental-infant TL. Observational studies were sought, with the keywords: maternal nutrition, placenta TL, newborn, TL, and PTB. No study was found that included all keywords simultaneously, and thus, the keywords, were searched in dyads, to reach assumptive conclusions. The findings show that maternal nutrition affects PTB risk, through its influence on maternal TL. On the other hand, maternal TL independently affects PTB risk, and at the same time PTB is a major determinant of offspring TL regulation. The strength of the associations and the extent of the influence from covariates, remains to be elucidated in future research. Furthermore, the question of whether maternal TL, is simply a biomarker of maternal nutritional status and PTB risk, or a causative factor of PTB, to date, remains to be answered.

The increasing number of caesarean section (CS) is a major challenge in modern obstetrics. This rise is not supported by better neonatal and maternal outcomes. The prevention of unnecessary primary CS is a global priority. This study focuses on effectiveness and safety of yoga practice during pregnancy and it’s connection to perinatal outcome. We conducted a single-blinded, randomized controlled clinical trial, with healthy singleton primiparas, randomized at first trimester of pregnancy. A total of 214 participants were randomized, 106 in yoga and 108 in controls. The study group performed yoga exercise while the controls received standard antenatal care. The yoga exercises were performed once a week, lasted 90 minutes, under the supervision of a certified yoga teacher. All pregnant women from study group completed 12 yoga exercises. The results showed that the yoga group had a lower rate of urgent intrapartum CS (p-0.004) and more frequent spontaneous vaginal delivery (p-0.009), while the control group had a higher rate of induced labour (p-0.032). Conclusion: Yoga practice in pregnancy is a promising intervention that has a potential to decrease intrapartum urgent CS rates and assures natural and spontaneous vaginal birth; it’s highly recommendable to healthy pregnant women.

Due to the proliferation of genetic testing, pathogenic germline variants predisposing to hereditary hematological malignancy syndrome (HHMS) have been identified in an increasing number of genes. Consequently, the field of HHMS is gaining recognition among clinicians and scientists worldwide. Patients with germline genetic abnormalities often have poor outcomes and are candidates for allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). However, HSCT using blood from a related donor should be carefully considered because of the risk that the patient may inherit a pathogenic variant. At present, we now face the challenge of incorporating these advances into clinical practice for patients with myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) or acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and optimizing the management and surveillance of patients and asymptomatic carriers, with the limitation that evidence-based guidelines are often inadequate. The 2016 revision of the WHO classification added a new section on myeloid malignant neoplasms, including MDS and AML with germline predisposition. The main syndromes can be classified into three groups. Those without pre-existing disease or organ dysfunction; DDX41, TP53, CEBPA, those with pre-existing platelet disorders; ANKRD26, ETV6, RUNX1, and those with other organ dysfunctions; SAMD9/SAMD9L, GATA2, and inherited bone marrow failure syndromes. In this review, we will outline the role of the genes involved in HHMS in order to clarify our understanding of HHMS.

In contemporary society, organizations increasingly prioritize ESG (Environment, So-cial, Governance) management to generate social value alongside profit-seeking. This commit-ment to social responsibility plays a positive role for organizational members, contributing to overall organizational growth This study explores the impact of perceptions of ESG management within public sports organizations on organizational civic behavior and proposes strategies for improving management and attachment, with the goal of fostering a more sustainable and so-cially responsible organizational culture. A survey involving 343 employees from govern-ment-affiliated public sports organizations in South Korea was conducted. Structural equation modeling, coupled with dual mediation analysis, unveiled that the perceived performance of ESG management significantly relies on both social value orientation and organizational identifica-tion to drive organizational civic behavior, confirming complete mediation effects. These findings underscore ESG management's ability to foster social value orientation and organizational iden-tification, thereby bolstering organizational civic behavior and significantly shaping the culture and conduct of public sports organizations. This research offers valuable insights for upholding organizational social responsibility and ensuring sustainable development within such organi-zations.

The phenomenon of decreased serum uric acid (UA) levels in patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD) and its relationship with purine metabolic pathways remain unclear. We compared inosine, hy-poxanthine, xanthine, and UA levels in serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of PD patients with those of controls, and investigated the effect of changes in the purine metabolic system on UA levels in PD. Overall, 134 samples (serum, 45 PD patients and 30 controls; CSF, 39 PD patients and 20 controls), were analyzed using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. A general linear model (GLM) was used to investigate relationships among purine metabolites. Compared to controls, PD patients had significantly lower UA levels in the serum and CSF, and serum and CSF UA levels were significantly correlated. Additionally, in PD, decreased serum hypoxanthine levels were observed with decreased CSF inosine and hypoxanthine levels, suggesting the involvement of the purine recycling system. GLM analysis indicated that the reduced UA levels in PD were mainly due to sources other than the purine metabolic system, such as exercise, nutritional indices, muscle volume, or adipose tissue. Our results highlight the impairment of purine recycling pathways in PD, as evidenced by the decreased serum hypoxanthine and CSF inosine.

In this study, we present a novel approach to estimate the Hurst exponent of time series data using a variety of machine learning algorithms. The Hurst exponent is a crucial parameter in characterizing long-range dependence in time series, and traditional methods such as Rescaled Range (R/S) analysis and Detrended Fluctuation Analysis (DFA) have been widely used for its estimation. However, these methods have certain limitations, which we sought to address by modifying the R/S approach to distinguish between fractional Lévy and fractional Brownian motion, and by demonstrating the inadequacy of DFA and similar methods for data that resembles fractional Lévy motion. This inspired us to utilize machine learning techniques to improve the estimation process. In an unprecedented step, we train various machine learning models, including LightGBM, MLP, and AdaBoost, on synthetic data generated from random walks, namely fractional Brownian motion and fractional Lévy motion, where the ground truth Hurst exponent is known. Meaning that we can initialize and create these stochastic processes with a scaling Hurst/scaling exponent which, is then used as the ground truth for training. Furthermore, we perform the continuous estimation of the scaling exponent directly from the time series, without resorting to the calculation of the power spectrum or other sophisticated preprocessing steps, as done in past approaches. Our experiments reveal that the machine learning-based estimators outperform traditional R/S analysis and DFA methods in estimating the Hurst exponent, particularly for data akin to fractional Lévy motion. Validating our approach on real-world financial data, we observe a divergence between the estimated Hurst/scaling exponents and results reported in the literature. Nevertheless, the confirmation provided by known ground truths reinforces the superiority of our approach in terms of accuracy. This work highlights the potential of machine learning algorithms for accurately estimating the Hurst exponent, paving new paths for time series analysis. By marrying traditional finance methods with the capabilities of machine learning, our study provides a novel contribution towards the future of time series data analysis.

Chronic non-bacterial osteomyelitis (CNO), also known as chronic recurrent multifocal osteomyelitis (CRMO), is a rare autoinflammatory bone disease primarily affecting children and adolescents. This review presents a comprehensive analysis of the intricate relationship between CNO and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), shedding light on shared pathophysiological mechanisms and clinical management. A thorough literature review was conducted, encompassing 24 case reports involving 40 patients. The demographic distribution of patients revealed a near-equal gender ratio, with a median age of diagnosis at 12 years. The diagnosis patterns showed a higher proportion of CNO as the initial diagnosis, while Crohn's disease was more prevalent than ulcerative colitis. The time interval between the clinical presentations varied, ranging from simultaneous detection to a substantial 15-year gap. Treatment modalities included non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), steroids, aminosalicylates, and biologic agents, such as infliximab, often overlapping in their use, suggesting shared pathophysiological pathways. Both conditions displayed systemic manifestations, and patients often responded well to immunosuppressive medications. The pathophysiology of CNO involves genetic predisposition, cytokine dysregulation, and osteoclast activation. Dysregulated innate immunity results in immune cell infiltration into bones, causing sterile bone lesions. Notably, emerging evidence hints at a potential link between the microbiome and CNO. In contrast, IBD results from imbalanced mucosal immune responses to the intestinal microbiota. Polymorphisms in the promotor region of IL-10, common cytokines, immune cells, and genetic markers indicate shared immunological and genetic factors between CNO and IBD. Both conditions also involve extraintestinal symptoms. This analysis underscores the need for clinical awareness of the co-occurrence of CNO and IBD, especially among pediatric patients. A deepened understanding of the connections between these seemingly distinct diseases could lead to more effective management and improved patient outcomes.

This review focuses on the Just Energy Transition (JET) policies of the BRICS member countries, with the aim of finding lessons and possible adoption of some of the key energy policy aspects utilized in other countries for benchmarking for the South African context. Considerations of the present stage of JET in South Africa and the energy-source mix supporting the electricity sector, cognisant of the lifespan and condition of power plants. Analysis of the energy mix revealed that all nations were energy dependent on electricity which was produced by predominantly fossil fuelled power plants with high GHG (concentrating on high CO2 emissions). It was concluded that some of the learnings and lessons learnt from the BRICS countries might be incorporated into a South African energy plan for the transition with options and guidance for formulation of policies. This study will attract responsible environmentally conscious audience that has a commitment and drive to combat global warming and curbing climate change.

Background: Hereditary Hemorrhagic Telangiectasia (HHT) is a vascular autosomically inherited rare disease. Epistaxis (nose bleeds) is the most common symptom in HHT, leading to anemia and affecting patient’s quality of life. In addition to epistaxis, gastrointestinal bleeding (GI), more often at older ages, may lead to severe anemia and need for blood transfussions. Thus, finding drugs to control both types of bleeding is a primary necessity in HHT. Methods: A cross-sectional observational study was conducted in a series of 11 HHT patients treated with low tacrolimus doses (0.5-1mg) on an off-label prescription basis. Patients showed refractory bleeding to previous treatments. Epistaxis severity score (ESS) and hemoglobin levels were parameters used to evaluate tacrolimus impact. The occurrence of side effects was also recorded. Results: Tacrolimus was well tolerated in most of the patients, except in 2 which abandoned the treatment. The remaining patients tolerated the treatment, with a general improvement in their health condition. Epistaxis was significantly reduced comparing the ESS before and after treatment. Hemoglobin levels were significantly increased overcoming the anemia in the course of the treatment. Conclusion: Tacrolimus at low doses should be considered as a promising treatment for bleeding derived of epistaxis and GI in HHT.

Numerical simulations of standard situations in the transition region from gas kinetics to fluid dynamics at small Mach numbers indicate a clear dependence of the simulation results on the underlying kinetic model (here: nonlinear and linearized Boltzmann collision operator vs. BGK relaxation model). We develop an improved mathematical framework (trace theory) to explain these differences. In particular we reveal certain deficiencies for the classical BKG system as well as for the standard Navier Stokes approach.

There are four categories of medical waste that cannot be mixed as this will cause serious problems such as environmental pollution or infection. In the past, the classification of medical waste often involved a lot of human and material resources to process, with workers at risk of exposure to infectious substances. Therefore, an augmented reality (AR) and artificial intelligence (AI) medical waste classification system and method were developed. This innovative medical waste classification system and method combines AR and AI identification technology to reduce the risk of manual judgment errors by clinical staff when handling medical waste.