Introduction. Psoriatic disease (PsD), encompassing psoriasis, psoriatic arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease, and uveitis, presents a significant burden due to its chronic and diverse inflammatory nature, affecting various clinical domains including skin, joints, and internal organs. Psoriasis, affecting up to 3% of the global population, not only poses physical challenges but also profoundly impacts patients' psychological well-being, ranking among the most debilitating chronic conditions. Furthermore, PsD exhibits a spectrum of manifestations ranging from skin lesions like plaque psoriasis to systemic complications such as cardiovascular comorbidities, necessitating comprehensive assessment and management strategies. The increasing understanding of the aetiopathogenic mechanisms of these immune-mediated diseases and of the proinflammatory intracellular signalling pathways involved in Psoriatic disease (PsD) has facilitated the identification and development of new small molecules capable of inhibiting JAK proteins, emerging as effective treatment options for rheumatic and dermatological manifestations JAK inhibitors act rapidly, within a few days, with a striking beneficial class effect on pain. The oral formulation they share makes them a well-tolerated class of drugs, with a clear advantage over FAME in terms of convenience of administration, improving therapeutic compliance. Material and method. This observational, retrospective study conducted in a single-centre dermatology-rheumatology consultation of a second-level hospital in Granada, Spain, focused on patients diagnosed with Psoriatic Arthritis (PsA) over the last two years, who initiated treatment with Tofacitinib or Upadacitinib due to DMARD failure, excluding those with major contraindications to JAK inhibitors. Results: This study analyzed data from 32 patients diagnosed with Psoriatic Arthritis (PsA), focusing on their demographics, disease characteristics, and treatment history. The majority of patients (75%) initiated treatment with Tofacitinib, while the remainder started with Upadacitinib. The mean age of the patients differed between the two treatment groups. All patients met the CASPAR criteria for PsA diagnosis, with predominantly peripheral joint involvement. The average time from PsA diagnosis to initiation of JAKinhib treatment was 6.5 years, slightly longer for Upadacitinib users. Most patients presented with cutaneous psoriasis, and a minority exhibited radiographic erosions. Before JAKinhib therapy, all patients had previously received DMARDs. A subset of patients received concomitant DMARD therapy, predominantly methotrexate. Additionally, a proportion of patients were on low-dose corticosteroids. Baseline CRP and ESR levels were indicative of systemic inflammation. Disease activity measures at baseline indicated moderate disease activity, with a substantial proportion of patients having mild psoriasis involvement. Upadacitinib recipients with psoriasis primarily exhibited mild involvement. This study provides valuable insights into the characteristics and treatment patterns of PsA patients initiating JAKinhib therapy. Discusion. In this study, the efficacy, safety, and real-world outcomes of Janus kinase inhibitors (JAKinhibs) in the treatment of Psoriatic Arthritis (PsA) were assessed and compared with findings from pivotal randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Both Tofacitinib and Upadacitinib demonstrated significant efficacy in PsA patients refractory to DMARDs and TNF inhibitors, with rapid improvement in joint and skin activity indices. Although patients in this cohort exhibited younger age, higher female prevalence, and shorter disease duration compared to those in RCTs, treatment responses were comparable or even superior. Notably, despite fewer concurrent DMARDs and a higher proportion of patients receiving monotherapy, JAKinhibs maintained a favorable safety profile, with a low frequency of mild adverse events leading to treatment discontinuation. These findings emphasize the robust efficacy and tolerability of JAKinhibs in real-world clinical settings, supporting their role as effective therapeutic options for PsA patients.

Background and Objectives: Knee osteoarthritis (KOA) is a degenerative disease that is targeting continuously people of different ages, but especially the elderly population, the number of which tends to increase continuously at the global level. Apart from age, excess weight can influence the evolution of the disease, with obesity being associated with a weak inflammation stage, and an imbalance between pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines. The present work aimed to identify specific biomarkers alike ACRP-30, IL-10, TNF-α, and IL-6 in synovial fluid and correlate them with patients’ clinical data. Materials and Methods: 24 subjects with KOA and over 50 years of age are involved in the present study. All patients performed a supine X-ray at the target knee. Ultrasound was performed using an ESAOTE MyLab Omega (ESAOTE Spa, Italy) ultrasound device and a 6-19 MHz linear array transducer. Results: The obtained results highlighted a significant correlation between age and adiponectin level (p=0.0451, r=-0.412). Also, the IL-10 values are lower in cases where the intensity of the pain is more pronounced (p=0.0405, r=-0.421). In addition, analyzing the data by gender, it was observed that in the case of males, stiffness is more related to age (p=0.0079, r=0.7993), compared to women (p=0.0203, r=0.6223). In the case of women, the progression of the disease tends to increase more intensively total WOMAC score’s values (p=0.00031, r=0.8342), compared with men (p=0.0289, r=7013). Regarding interleukins and BMI, significant correlations were observed only in the case of men. Conclusions: A significant correlation between age and adiponectin, and adiponectin and IL-6, suggests that advanced age may contribute to adiponectin reduction. Comparing men with women, it was observed that men's age is more related to rigidity, and IL-6 and IL-10 are directly correlated to BMI and women seem to be more sensitive to pain and stiffness.

The insufficient flexibility of the hybrid renewable integrated energy system (HRIES) makes it difficult to accommodate renewable energy with a high proportion. It is thus necessary to excavate its potential flexibility to improve its operational performance and consume renewable energy. This paper unlocks the adjustment potential of flexible buildings and builds a flexible thermal load regulation model according to the dynamic thermal characteristics and thermal comfort elastic interval of the buildings and a regulation model of the flexible electrical load based on its transferability, resectability, and rigidity. An operation optimization model, which incorporates multiple flexible load regulations and the variable load of devices, is then developed. A case study is presented to analyze the regulation and synergy mechanism in different types of flexible loads. Its results show a saturation effect between the flexible thermal and electrical loads in increasing renewable energy consumption and a synergy effect in decreasing the total cost. This synergy can reduce the total cost by 0.73%. Besides, the total cost can be reduced by 15.13%, and the renewable energy curtailment rate can decrease by 12.08% if the flexible electric and thermal loads are integrated into the operation optimization of HRIES.

Locoregional anaesthetic techniques are invaluable for providing multimodal analgesia for painful surgical procedures. This prospective, randomised study describes a nerve stimulator-guided bra-chial plexus blockade (BPB) in rabbits undergoing orthopaedic surgery in comparison to systemic lidocaine. Premedication was provided with intramuscular (IM) medetomidine, fentanyl and midazolam. Anaesthesia was induced (propofol IV) and maintained with isoflurane. Nine rabbits received a lidocaine BPB (2%; 0.3 ml kg-1), and eight received lidocaine constant rate infusion (CRI) (2 mg kg-1 IV, followed by 100 µg kg-1 minute-1). Rescue analgesia was provided with Fentanyl IV. Carprofen was administered at the end of surgery. Post-operative pain was determined using the Rabbit Grimace Scale (RGS) and a composite pain scale. Buprenorphine was administered accord-ing to pain score for two hours after extubation. Rabbits were filmed during the first two hours to measure distance travelled and behaviours. Food intake and faeces output were compared. Every rabbit in CRI required intraoperative rescue analgesia compared to no rabbits in BPB. How-ever, rabbits in both groups had similar pain scores and there was no difference in administration of postoperative analgesia. There were no significant differences in food intake or faeces produc-tion over 18 hours, and no significant differences in distance travelled, or behaviours examined during the first two hours. BPB seems superior for intraoperative analgesia. Postoperatively both groups were comparable.

This study examined the impact of differences in fruit load of olive trees on the rate of stem refilling. The experiment was conducted in a commercial olive orchard over the consecutive years of 2021 and 2022, during which the biennial bearing cycle of olive trees resulted in minimal fruit production in 2021 and maximal production in 2022. The rate of stem refilling was determined by quantifying the differences in water volume traversing the apex and base of the principal branches of experimental trees using sap flow sensors. Concurrent measurements of tree water status were also conducted using psychrometers, while soil moisture content dynamics were continuously recorded. Results indicate that alternate bearing significantly influences the stem refilling process, while soil moisture availability also plays a pivotal role. Water reserves were more intensively utilized during the year of full production (“ON” year) primarily to fulfill the water demands of developing fruits. This replenishment occurred in various periods during the day, including early morning, afternoon, and night, when stomatal conductance measurements indicated stomatal closure. The study suggests a more intense replenishment of reserves during the night in "ON" year trees, irrespective of soil moisture, water vapor pressure deficit, or phenological fruit development stage.

In this paper, we propose an assumption of which the relation between electron and phonon is discussed and investigated based on the experiment of γ photon and electric interconverting with each other. We calculated the charge of a particular standing wave topology with Maxwell’s equation rotated in accordance space with the SO3 transformation. The derived charge value is 1.6035 × 10E−19C around 0.0826% different from the experimental data, indicating the proposal is a promising theory to explain the origin of charge and spin of electron particle. Electron spin angular momentum comes from the orbital angular momentum of photon rotation (electromagnetic field rotation), and electron charge comes from photon, that is, the space-time rotation effect of electromagnetic wave.

Congestion not only represents a cardinal sign of heart failure but is also now recognized as the primary cause for hospital admissions, rehospitalizations, and mortality among patients with acute heart failure. Congestion can manifest through various heart failure phenotypes in acute settings: volume overload, volume redistribution, or both. Recognizing the congestion phenotype is paramount, as it implies different therapeutic strategies for decongestion. Complete decongestion is hardly achieved among patients with acute heart failure, as more than half still have residual congestion at discharge. Residual congestion is one of the strongest predictors of future cardiovascular events and poor outcomes. Through this review, we try to provide a better understanding of the congestion phenomenon among patients with acute heart failure by highlighting insights into the pathophysiology mechanisms behind congestion and new diagnostic and management tools to achieve and maintain efficient decongestion.

Elevated circulating triglyceride levels have been linked to an increased risk of diabetes, although the precise mechanisms remain unclear. This study aimed to investigate whether low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, homeostatic model assessment (HOMA) for insulin resistance, and C-reactive protein served as mediators in this association across a sample of 18,435 US adults. Mediation analysis was conducted using the PROCESS Version 4.3 Macro for SPSS. Simple medi-ation analysis revealed that all three potential mediators played a role in mediating the associa-tion. However, in the parallel mediation analysis, where all three mediators were simultaneously included, HOMA for insulin resistance remained a significant mediator (indirect effect coefficient, 0.47; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.43—0.52; p < 0.05) after adjusting for all tested confounding factors. Conversely, LDL cholesterol (indirect effect coefficient, -0.13; 95% CI, -0.31—0.05; p > 0.05) and C-reactive protein (indirect effect coefficient, 0.01; 95% CI, -0.003—0.02; p > 0.05) ceased to be significant mediators. HOMA for insulin resistance accounted for 49% of the association between triglycerides and diabetes. In conclusion, HOMA for insulin resistance was the dominant mediator underlying the association between triglycerides and diabetes. Therefore, reducing triglyceride levels may hold promise for improving insulin sensitivity in diabetic patients.

Our environment has been impacted by man-made pollutants mainly industries make substantial use of synthetic dyes which exhibit cytotoxicity and have significant environmental consequences. Effective photocatalyst-based approaches for degrading synthetic dyes into less toxic chemical are of great interest. Synthesizing NPs using biological approaches, particularly plant-based approaches offer advantages, decreasing the risk of NPs losing biocompatibility during synthesis, cost-effectiveness, and eco-friendliness. In this study, we employed a green synthesis method to produce manganese oxide nanoparticles (MnO NPs) utilizing leaf extract from the Lathyrus Aphaca plant. The synthesized MnOx NPs were characterized through various techniques; X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and UV–visible spectroscopy. XRD analysis showed distinct peaks, indicated the presence crystallographic planes within the MnO₂ nanoparticles, thus confirming their crystalline structure. SEM study highlighted closely packed configurations with average size of approximately ≥ 50-70 nm, with well-defined boundaries. EDX analysis showed the presence of elemental manganese (Mn) in the samples, with peaks corresponding to Mn detected at lower energy levels, predominantly represented by MnO. FTIR, showed the presence of the O-O stretching mode at a frequency of 719 cm^-1, the presence of MnO₆ oxides of manganese, and peak at 548 cm^-1 corresponded to the Mn-O stretching mode. Furthermore, the green-synthesized manganese oxide nanoparticles exhibited promising photocatalytic and adsorption capabilities against Methylene Blue (MB) dye, leading to approximately 93.21% degradation of MB when treated with the green-synthesized MnO nanoparticles derived from plant extract. This highlights the efficacy and potential of these nanoparticles in environmental remediation applications, particularly in the degradation of methylene blue contaminants.

Background: The Liver Imaging Reporting and Data System (LI-RADS) combines standardized terminology with a classification system for imaging findings in patients with HCC, therefore rendering diagnostic biopsy unnecessary in many cases. This retrospective study included 23 patients with a biopsy diagnosis of HCC, performed either before or after local interventional procedures, in order to evaluate the histopathologic changes induced by previous procedures and their potential influence on the response to immune therapy. Material and Methods: The study encompassed a cohort of patients diagnosed with Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC). Diagnosis was established through contrast-enhanced computer tomography or magnetic resonance imaging that identified LI-RADS-5 nodules in conjunction with historical liver disease and elevated alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) levels, or through histological examination confirming positivity for glypican3, heat shock protein70, and glutamine synthetase. The study detailed the liver disease etiology, LI-RADS scores, characteristics and dimensions of HCC nodules, serum AFP concentrations, Edmondson-Steiner grading, and the expression of programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) in the tumor cells. Results: Among the study's cohort of Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC) patients, a portion had not received any prior treatments, while the remainder experienced local HCC recurrence following trans-arterial chemoembolization or radiofrequency ablation. Observations indicated elevated alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) levels in those who had not undergone any previous interventions, showing statistical significance. The Edmondson-Steiner classification predominantly identified grade III differentiation across patients, irrespective of their treatment history. Furthermore, an increase in intra-tumoral programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression was noted in patients who had not been subjected to previous therapies. Conclusion: Liver biopsy offers valuable insights for patients with Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC), assisting in the tailoring of immune therapy strategies, particularly in cases of recurrence following prior local interventions.

In this paper we describe a method which combines sentiment analysis with machine learning techniques and/or multivariate statistical analysis. By applying this methodology it is possible to classify a collection of texts into two or more groups or clusters. On the basis of a number of previously defined clusters, the novelty of the outlined approach is the use of the sentiment analysis results as input to the machine learning model or multivariate statistical analysis. Once the classifier has been obtained, we can assign a given text into one of the pre-established clusters. The groups or clusters can represent different time periods, classes of texts transcribed from different conversations, etc. The method is illustrated through an example taken from one of the two studies in which we have applied this methodology. In one of the studies, the method was used to classify press news of a volcanic eruption, while in the other study it was used to classify the conversations recorded between a chatbot with different kinds of speakers (humans or chatbots). This last study was the seminal work in which we introduced this methodology.

The recent availability of commercial platforms for behavioral analysis in zebrafish larvae based on video-tracking technologies has exponentially increased the number of studies analyzing different behaviors in this model organism to assess neurotoxicity. Among the most commonly used assays in zebrafish larvae are basal locomotor activity (BLA) and visual motor response (VMR). However, the effect of different intrinsic and extrinsic factors that can significantly alter the outcome of these assays is still not well understood. In this work we have analyzed in 143 larvae the influence of age (5-8 days post-fertilization), time of day (8:00, 10:00, 12:00, 14:00; 16:00, 18:00, and 20:00 h), and experiment (three experiments performed at different days) on BLA and VMR results (4,004 analyses for each behavior). Results from both behaviors were adjusted to a Random-Effects linear regression model using generalized least squares (GLS), including in the model the effect of the three variables, the second-way interactions between them and the three-way interaction. The results presented in this manuscript show a specific effect of all three intrinsic factors and their interactions on both behaviors, supporting the view that the most stable time period for performing these behavioral assays is from 10:00 am to 04:00 pm, with some differences depending on age of the larva and the behavioral test.

Spermatogenesis is critical for insect reproduction and is regulated by many different genes. In this study, we found that Forkhead transcription factor Fd59a functions as a key factor in spermatogenesis of Drosophila melanogaster. Fd59a contains a conversed Forkhead domain, and it is clustered to the FoxD subfamily with other FoxD members from some insect and vertebrate species. Mutation in Fd59a caused swelling in the apical region of the testis. More importantly, only a few mature sperm were present in the seminal vesicle of Fd59a mutant flies compared to the control flies, and the fertility of Fd59a2/2 mutant males was significantly lower than that of the control flies. Immunofluorescence staining showed that the homeostasis of testis stem cell niche in Fd59a2/2 mutant and Fd59a RNAi flies was disrupted, and apoptosis of sperm bundles was increased. Furthermore, results from RNA-sequencing and qRT-PCR suggest that Fd59a can regulate expression of genes related to reproductive process and cell death. Taken together, our results indicated that Fd59a plays a key role in the spermatogenesis of Drosophila.

Antimicrobial Peptides (AMPs), as immune effectors synthesized by a variety of organisms, not only constitute a robust defense mechanism against a broad spectrum of pathogens in the host, but also show promising applications as effective antimicrobial agents. Notably, insects are significant reservoirs of natural AMPs. However, the complex array of variations in types, quantities, antimicrobial activities, production pathways of AMPs, and evolution of AMPs across insect species presents a significant challenge for immunity system understanding and AMP applications. This review covers insect AMP discoveries, classification, common properties, and mechanisms of action. Additionally, we summarize the types, quantities, and activities of im-mune-related AMPs in each model insect. We also conducted the first comprehensive investigation into the diversity, distribution, and evolution of 20 types of AMPs in model insects, employing phylogenetic analysis to describe their evolutionary relationships and shed light on conserved and distinctive AMP families. Furthermore, we summarize the regulatory pathways of AMP production through classical signaling pathways and additional pathways associated with Nitric Oxide, insulin-like signaling, and hormones. This review advances our understanding of AMP as guardians in insect immunity system and also unlocks a gateway to insect AMP resources, facilitating the use of AMPs to address food safety concerns.

This study introduces SkinLiTE, a lightweight supervised contrastive learning model, tailored to enhance the detection and typification of skin lesions in dermoscopic images. The core of SkinLiTE lies in its unique integration of supervised and contrastive learning approaches, which leverages labeled data to learn generalizable representations. This approach is particularly adept at handling the complexities and imbalances inherent in skin lesions datasets. The methodology encompasses a two-phase learning process. In the first phase, SkinLiTE utilizes an encoder network and a projection head to transform and project dermoscopic images into a feature space where contrastive loss is applied, focusing on minimizing intra-class variations while maximizing inter-class differences. The second phase freezes the encoder's weights, leveraging the learned representations for classification through a series of dense and dropout layers. The model was evaluated using three datasets from Skin Cancer ISIC 2019-2020, covering a wide range of skin conditions. SkinLiTE demonstrated superior performance across various metrics—accuracy, AUC , and F1 score—particularly when compared with traditional supervised learning models. Notably, SkinLiTE achieved an accuracy of 0.9087 using AugMix augmentation for binary classification of skin lesions. It also showed comparable results with the state-of-the-art approaches of ISIC challenge without relying on external data, underscoring its efficacy and efficiency. The results highlight the potential of SkinLiTE as a significant step forward in the field of dermatological AI, offering a robust, efficient, and accurate tool for skin lesion detection and classification. Its lightweight architecture and ability to handle imbalanced datasets make it particularly suited for integration into Internet of Medical Things environments, paving the way for enhanced remote patient monitoring and diagnostic capabilities. This research contributes to the evolving landscape of AI in healthcare, demonstrating the impact of innovative learning methodologies in medical image analysis.

A handheld NIR spectrophotometric method was developed, validated and applied for determination of tadalafil in tablets. The aim of our work was to develop analytical methods based on vibrational techniques and using low-cost portable equipment. Based on different chemometric modeling, we attempt to validate the method, that gave encouraging results from the principal component analysis (PCA), DD-SIMCA and PLS modeling. Then came optimization using an appropriate experiment plan. For validation, we used the total error approach with acceptance limits set at ±10% with a risk level of 5%. The method showed that it was possible to perform both qualitative and quantitative analysis of pharmaceutical products using low-cost portable NIR systems with chemometric tools. The developed approach enabled to cross the first step in implementing a NIR method for quality control of Tadalafil-based drugs in the DRC. Validation difficulties of PLS method resulted from the lack of information about inter-days serial variations of spectral responses. This would be interesting to extend the study to a larger calibration interval in order to correct uncertainties that may result from the variability observed under different conditions, and to verify robustness. These are the limitations of this work, but the results are nevertheless very encouraging.

Introduction: Bovine tuberculosis is a zoonotic disease of considerable impact, especially in livestock countries, which can cause human disease. Despite its importance, Colombia is a country in which few studies analyse its behaviour, and none develop maps using geographic information systems to characterise it. Objective: To describe the temporal-spatial distribution of bovine tuberculosis in Colombia between 2001 and 2019. Methods: Retrospective cross-sectional descriptive study, based on reports by the Colombian Agricultural Institute, of tuberculosis surveillance in cattle on farms in Colombia from 2001 to 2019. The data were converted into databases in Microsoft Access 365®, and multiple epidemiological maps were generated with the Kosmo RC1®3.0 software coupled to shape files of all the country's departments. Results: During the study period, 5,273 tuberculosis cases in bovines were identified in the different departments of Colombia (mean 278 cases/year). Regarding its temporal distribution, the number of cases varied from a maximum of 903 cases (17.12% of the total) in 2015 to a minimum of 0 between 2001 and 2004 and between 2017 and 2019 (between 2005 and 2016, the minimum was 46 cases, 0.87%). Conclusions: GIS is an essential tool for understanding the temporospatial behaviour of zoonotic diseases in Colombia, as is the case of bovine tuberculosis, with its potential implications for Human and One Health.

The pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 is still a major health problem. Newly emerging variants and long-COVID-19 represent a challenge for the global health system. In particular, individuals in developing countries with insufficient health care need easily accessible, affordable and effective treatments of COVID-19. Previous studies have demonstrated the efficacy of functional inhibitors of acid sphingomyelinase (FIASMA) against infections with various viruses, including early variants of SARS-CoV-2. This work investigated whether the acid sphingomyelinase inhibitors fluoxetine and sertraline, usually used as antidepressant molecules in clinical practice, can inhibit the replication of the former and recently emerged SARS-CoV-2 variants in vitro. Fluoxetine and sertraline potently inhibited the infection with pseudotyped virus like particles and SARS-CoV-2 variants D614G, alpha, delta, omicron BA.1 and omicron BA.5. These results highlight fluoxetine and sertraline as priority candidates for large-scale phase 3 clinical trials at different stages of SARS-CoV-2 infections, either alone or in combination with other medications.

We suppose that a Cooper pair (CP) will experience a damping force exerted by the condensed matter. A Langevin equation of a CP in two dimensional condensed matter is established. Following a method similar to Nelson's stochastic mechanics, generalized Schr\"{o}dinger equation of a CP in condensed matter is derived. If the CPs move with a constant velocity, then the corresponding direct current (DC) electrical conductivity can be calculated. Therefore, a Drude like formula of resistivity of CPs is derived. We suppose that the damping coefficient of CPs in two dimensional cuprate superconductors is a linear function of temperature. Then the resistivity and scattering rate of CPs turn out to be also linear-in-temperature. The origin of linear-in-temperature resistivity and Planckian dissipation in cuprate superconductors may be the linear temperature dependence of the damping coefficient of CPs.

Three-dimensional flexible piezoresistive porous sensors have been used in health diagnosis and wearable devices. By utilizing 3D printed sacrificial mold casting with highly conductive polymer composites, porous sensors with high conductivity and complex structures were achieved. Traditional conductive polymer composites are usually heated using external heat sources, which are time and energy consuming. However, in this study, conductive porous sensors with triply periodic minimal surface (TPMS) structures were manufactured using self-resistance electric heating by utilizing the conductive nature of the polymers. The porous structures were designed based on Diamond (D), Gyroid (G), and I-WP (I) unit cells of the TPMS. The use of self-resistance electric heating has improved the compression performance and piezoresistive response of the structures. Among these structures, the D-based structure exhibited the maximum response strain (61 %), with a corresponding resistance response value of 0.97, which increased by 10.26 % compared to that of the structures heated by using the external heat sources. This study offers a new perspective on designing and optimizing porous materials with specific functionalities, particularly in the realm of flexible and portable piezoresistive sensors.

The aim of the research was to determine the most productive tree cutting methods and the factors influencing them in flat and sloping terrain in tree plantations in Brazil. The study utilized drone-captured video material from eucalyptus and pine plantations harvesting operations. In both terrains, two cutting methods were compared, differing in the felling to the side method used: either at the edge of the harvesting front or inside. In addition, on flat terrain, the efficiency of forward felling was studied in relation to the aforementioned methods. In slope terrain, the machines were also equipped with a winch assistance system. Statistical tests were used to determine the most productive cutting methods by analyzing differences in productivity. With an average tree size of 0.3 m3, cutting productivity was 45 m3/E0h in pine cuttings and 55 m3/E0h in eucalyptus cuttings. The average cutting productivity on flat terrain was about 11 m3/E0h higher than on sloping terrain, mainly due to the time spent attaching the winch assistance system, which was a necessary phase of the work in sloping terrain. The research results suggest that it would be the most productive to use sideways felling inside the harvesting front method. However, the need for further research is evident if we want to precisely identify the harvesting conditions and work phases in the tree cutting cycle affecting the differences in the productivity of the harvesting chain in tree plantations.

This is a brief critique of the functions—particularly olfactory functions—specified for the “Chemosensory Protein” (CSPs) molecule family. On the basis of these proteins’ presence in the sensory antennal lymph of locusts, odor chemosensory ligand binding functions have been hypothesized. According to this hypothesis, the entire protein molecule superfamily is referred to as “CSPs”. However, new information and developments in the field of CSP molecular research, such as the expression of CSP genes in the gut, brain, fat body, wings, epidermis, and pheromone gland, as well as gene expression profiling from most early developmental stages—that is, CSP expression well in advance of the appearance of chemical sense nerve cells—strongly suggest that the protein molecule has other roles that are unrelated to chemosensing. Moreover, CSPs are found in bacterial microbial prokaryote organisms in addition to insects and all other arthropods. Thus, we examine the molecule’s name, definition, RNA editing, protein structure, lipid binding properties, DNA interaction, and evolutionary characteristics in brief before referring to this protein family as “Chemosensory Proteins”. As a means of renaming this protein family, this review article discusses the latest findings (“CSP” is attached to the tail of bigger intracellular proteins) and attempts to compel all the data. Because of its highly conserved molecular distinctive feature (four adjacent cysteines), we propose renaming “CSPs” as “4CSPs” (4 Cysteines Soluble Proteins) and use at least for abbreviations for distinctive animal proteins the common peptide 5-letter code, such as “Bommo-4CSPs”.

Promoting the sustainable development of resource-based cities is of great significance to the ecological protection and high-quality development of the Yellow River Basin. Combining the environmental status and economic development, we objectively evaluate the ecological safety level of resource-based cities in the Yellow River Basin, compare and analysis the main factors affecting the ecological safety of different resource-based cities, and formulate precise and differentiated ecological safety protection measures in river basins to achieve high-quality development. Taking the Yellow River Basin as an example, this paper analyses the ecological level of the Yellow River Basin based on the theory of sustainable development, calculates the ecological safety level of 30 resource-based cities in the Yellow River Basin from 2006 to 2020 by TOPSIS model, and makes convergence analysis by classification. Through the DID empirical test of sustainable development planning policy on ecological safety factors, distinguish the development characteristics of different resource-based cities. The results show that: (1) the ecological safety level of resource-based cities in the Yellow River Basin is generally developing well, and there are differences among different types of resource-based cities; (2) the kinetic energy of sustainable development of resource-based cities in the Yellow River Basin is mainly industrial transformation, and the power of science and technology is insufficient; (3) local governments pay limited attention to environmental protection, and the sustainable development planning of resource-based cities in 2013 mainly promotes the adjustment of industrial structure of resource-based cities.

This study aimed to investigate the venom sac extracts (VSE) of the European hornet (EH) Vespa crabro (Linnaeus, 1758) (Hymenoptera: Vespidae), focusing on the differences between stinging females, gynes (G) and workers (W), at the protein level. Using a quantitative “Sequential Window Acquisition of all Theoretical Fragment Ion Mass Spectra” (SWATH-MS) analysis, we identified and quantified a total of 240 proteins. Notably, within the group, 45.8 % (n = 110) showed significant differential expression between VSE-G and VSE-W. In this set, 57.3 % (n = 63) were upregulated and 42.7 % (n = 47) downregulated in the G. Additionally, the 200 quantified proteins from the class Insecta belong to 16 different species, six of them to the Hymenoptera/Apidae lineage, comprising seven proteins with known potential allergenicity. Thus, phospholipase A1 (Vesp v 1), phospholipase A1 verutoxin 2b (VT-2b), hyaluronidase A (Vesp v 2A), hyaluronidase B (Vesp v 2B), and venom allergen 5 (Vesp v 5) were significantly downregulated in the G, and vitellogenin (Vesp v 6) was upregulated. Overall, 46 % of the VSE proteins showed differential expression, with a majority being upregulated in G. Data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD047955. These findings shed light on the proteomic differences in VSE between EH castes, potentially contributing to our understanding of their behavior and offering insights for allergy research.

Depression is the commonest mental disorder worldwide. Both antidepressants and psychotherapy are effective in treating depression, but response to these treatments is often incomplete. Yoga-based interventions (YBIs) have emerged as a promising adjunctive treatment for depression. Recent research has attempted to identify the biological mechanisms associated with the antidepressant actions of YBIs. In this scoping review, conducted according to the PRISMA-ScR guidelines, the PubMed and Scopus databases were searched to retrieve research on biomarkers of response to YBIs in patients with depression. Eleven studies were included in the review. Based on these studies, YBIs may improve depression through beneficial effects on systemic inflammation, stress axis regulation, cardiac autonomic functioning, and possibly reductions in oxidative stress-related cellular damage. Increases in brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) may represent a final common pathway upon which these processes converge. Though these results are theoretically plausible, they should be interpreted with caution due to certain methodological limitations in the existing research. Replication of these results and improvements in study methodology, and the evaluation of other biomarkers relevant to the pathophysiology of depression, could further elucidate the mechanism of action of YBIs in this disorder, and identify which patients would benefit most from this treatment approach.

The target area of the present study is the entrance to the Sulina channel in the Black Sea, the zero-kilometer of the Danube River. This represents the southern gate of the seventh Pan-European transport corridor and is subjected to high navigation traffic. The coastal environment at the Danube’s mouth is very often subjected to strong environmental conditions inducing high risks for navigation hazards. From this perspective, the objective of the present work is to provide a more comprehensive picture concerning the past and future expected dynamics of the environmental matrix in this area, including especially wind and wave conditions. An analysis of some in situ measurements performed at the zero kilometer of the Danube is first carried out for the 15 years 2009-2023. A second analysis is based on data provided by regional climate wind models. Two 30-year periods are considered, the recent past (1976-2005), when also comparisons with ERA5 reanalysis data were performed, and the near future (2041-2070), when two different models and three climate scenarios were considered. Finally, using as a forcing factor each of the wind fields before analyzed, simulations with a spectral wave model were carried out and the nearshore wave conditions were evaluated. The results show that both extreme wind and wave conditions are expected to be slightly enhanced in the future. Strong wind fields are characteristic in this area, with wind gusts exceeding on average with more than 70% the maximum hourly averaged wind speed. As regards the waves, due to the complex nearshore phenomena, considerable enhancements in terms of significant wave heights are induced. Furthermore, there is also a high risk of rogue wave’s occurrence.

Our aim was to determine the secondary antibody deficiency profiles of patients in a mesoregion of São Paulo state, Brazil, focusing on infectious diseases. Demographic characteristics, clinical and laboratory data were obtained from electronic files; infections were classified as organ-specific and graded as mild, moderate, life-threatening, and fatal. Non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) accounted for 30% of patients, nephrotic syndrome (NS) 25%; chronic lymphocyte leukemia 20%, and multiple myeloma 15%. Patients with NS were younger than those in other groups, and hypo-γ-globulinemia was detected in 94.1%, IgG <400 mg/dL in 60.0%, IgA <40 mg/dL in 55.0%, and CD19 <20 cells/mm³ in 30.0%. One hundred and one infections were found; 82.1% were classified as mild or moderate, 7.9% as life-threatening, and 1.9% as fatal. Respiratory tract infections were more prevalent (41.5%), and pneumonia accounted for 19.8%. Lower levels of infections were found in patients with NS compared with NHL (P=0.0001). Most patients progressed to hypo-γ-globulinemia and secondary antibody deficiency after treatment with immunosuppressants, and mild and moderate infections were predominant. These therapies are increasing in patients with different diseases, therefore monitoring hypo-γ-globulinemia and infections may help to identify patients at high risk for severe complications, antibiotic prophylaxis or treatment, and immunoglobulin replacement

Microencapsulation using polymer materials is a potent process to protect and prolong the survival of probiotics. Cissampelos pareira leaf contains natural gelling agents that possess solidifying properties. This study aimed to investigate the development of microencapsulation containing Lacticaseibacillus paracasei using C. pareira extract as a natural encapsulating material. The absorption bands near 1603 cm−1 and 1725 cm−1 detected by Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) were identified as pectin in C. pareira structure. The L. paracasei-C. pareira microcapsules (LP-CP) showed high encapsulation efficiency by 90.5% which was confirmed by the evaluation of their survival rate. Under thermal conditions (85oC), bacterial viability detected in the microcapsules was 69% as opposed to non-encapsulated bacteria where viability was as low as 5%. Furthermore, the microcapsule presented 75% bacterial viability whereas the free cells showed 30% under acidic conditions (pH 2). During storage conditions, LP-CP viability remained at 50% when the storage time was extended to 90 days whereas, the survival rate of free cells significantly decreased by 100% after 90 days. This information suggests that C. pareira is a potent polymer which can be used as an eco-friendly material for the microencapsulation of probiotics relevant as dietary supplementation for humans or animals.

Anemia is a well-known disorder in CKD dogs, but its frequency in AKI dogs has been poorly investigated. The aim of the present study was to retrospectively evaluate the frequency of anemia, its degree of severity, and regeneration rate in relation to IRIS grade, etiology, therapy, and out-come. Medical records of dogs (2017-2023) with historical, laboratory, and ultrasound findings consistent with AKI were retrospectively reviewed. According to etiology, AKI was classified as ischemic/inflammatory (IS), infectious INF), nephrotoxic (NEP), obstructive (OBS), and unknown (UK). AKI dogs were also classified according to therapeutical management (medical vs hemo-dialysis), survival to hospital discharge (survivors vs non-survivors). AKI dogs were considered anemic in case of HCT 38 g/dL). Regeneration rate was considered absent (RET< 60,000/μL), mild 61,000- 150,000/μL), and moderate (> 150,000/μL). A total of 120 AKI dogs were included the study, and anemia was found in 86/120 dogs (72%). The severity of anemia was mild in 32/86 dogs (37%), moderate in 40/86 dogs (47%), severe in 11/86 dogs (13%), and very severe in 3/86 (3%). Anemia was normo-chromic in 71/86 dogs (83%), hyperchromic in 12/86 dogs (14%), and hypochromic in 3/86 dogs (3%). Normocytic anemia was present in 56/86 dogs (65%), microcytic anemia in 27/86 dogs (31%), and macrocytic anemia in 3/86 dogs (4%). Non-regenerative anemia was found in 76/86 dogs (88%). The frequency of anemia increased significantly (p

The poly lactic acid (PLA) is one of the most used bio-derived thermoplastic polymers in 3D and 4D printing applications. The determination of PLA surface properties is of capital importance in 3D/4D printing technology. (1) Background: The surface thermodynamic properties of PLA polymer were determined by using the inverse gas chromatography (IGC) technique at infinite dilution. The determination of the retention volume of polar and non-polar molecules adsorbed on the PLA particles filling the column allowed us to obtain the dispersive, polar, and Lewis’s acid-base surface properties at different temperatures from 40 °C to 100 °C. (2) Methods: the applied surface method was based on our recent model that used the London dispersion equation and the new chromatographic parameter function of the deformation polarizability and the harmonic mean of the ionization energies of the PLA polymer and organic molecules. (3) Results: The application of this new method led to the determination of the dispersive and polar free surface energy of adsorption of molecules on the polymeric material, as well as the glass transition and the Lewis acid-base constants. (4) Conclusions: four interval temperatures were distinguished showing four zones of the variations of the surface properties of PLA as a function of the temperature before and after the glass transition.

Palmitoylethanolamide (PEA) has been prescribed for neuropathic pain for several years. This study is mainly addressed to summarize what has been published on the topic in the last decades, and how appropriate the numerous prescriptions are. Among others, it examines the innovative EquiPEA^® patent, which aims to address obstacles encountered with conventional PEA formulations. EquiPEA^® seems to partially ameliorate the bioavailability and the targeted distribution. It seems to introduce novel advancements that have the potential to enhance the therapeutic effectiveness of PEA in terms of its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and analgesic properties. The deep literature analysis aims to examine the potential advantages of this innovative formulation, in the context of several pathological conditions that may benefit from this molecule. In particular, it investigates the potential enhanced bioavailability and targeted delivery system of EquiPEA^®. Also, it tries to understand if it can modernize the field of therapy based on PEA, thus offering a better treatment option for individuals with long-term inflammation, oxidative stress, and neuropathic or mixed pain with a neuropathic component. The study examines the possible impact of EquiPEA^® on personalized medicine strategies and its potential for translation into clinical practice. It analyses the possibilities that EquiPEA^® has in enhancing patient outcomes in a range of central nervous system and inflammatory conditions. This narrative review makes a valuable contribution to the ongoing comprehension of PEA therapy. It establishes a foundation for further exploration in research and potential uses in clinical settings.

New biomedical technologies are examined in depth and the legal and ethical challenges they pose. Key issues such as gene editing, the application of artificial intelligence in the medical field, and the protection of biological information data are analyzed. At the same time, we also found that technological advances in the development of the enormous potential of biomedicine, but also raises a series of ethical and legal issues. To this end, the paper proposes a series of effective response strategies aimed at providing guidance to policy makers, researchers, and healthcare professionals to ensure the rational and safe application of new technologies. Solutions to these challenges are elaborated. When it comes to gene editing, the article stresses the responsibility of scientists not only to push the boundaries of technology, but also to ensure that edited genes are in the public interest and respect individual rights. To this end, strict regulatory mechanisms should be put in place to ensure that gene editing is carried out only in certain and ethical circumstances. Although AI technology has brought many conveniences to the medical field, it also involves data privacy protection, the transparency of the AI decision-making process, and the impact of AI on traditional medical models. Therefore, it is necessary to formulate corresponding regulations to regulate its application, ensure the fairness and transparency of AI decision-making, and promote its integration and development with traditional medicine. The importance of the protection of biometric data was also emphasized. In biomedical research, a large number of personal biological information data, such as genome and proteome, are often involved. This data should be effectively protected to prevent data leakage and misuse. To this end, it is necessary to strengthen data security measures and establish standards and norms for data sharing and utilization to ensure the rational use and protection of data.

Addressing non-unions involves stabilizing the affected area through osteosynthesis and improving bone biology using bone grafts. However, there is no consensus on the optimal treatment method. This study aims to compare outcomes of non-union revision using conventional treatment methods (metal hardware ± graft) versus osteosynthesis with the human, allogeneic cortical bone screw (Shark Screw®). Thirty-four patients underwent conventional treatment, while 28 cases received Shark Screws®. Patient demographics, bone healing, time to bone healing, and complications were assessed. Results revealed a healing rate of 96.4% for the Shark Screw® group, compared to 82.3% for the conventionally treated group. The Shark Screw® group exhibited a tendency for faster bone healing (9.4±3.2 vs. 12.9±8.5 weeks, p=0.05061). Hardware irritations led to six metal removals in the conventional group versus two in the Shark Screw® group. The Shark Screw® emerges as a promising option for personalized non-union treatment in the foot, ankle, and select lower leg cases, facilitating effective osteosynthesis and grafting within a single construct, promoting high union rates, low complications, and a rapid healing process.

Abstract: Patient blood samples are invaluable in clinical omics databases, yet current methodologies often fail to fully uncover the molecular mechanisms driving patient pathology. While Genome-scale Metabolic Models (GEMs) show promise in systems medicine by integrating various omics data, having only exometabolomic data remains a limiting factor. To address this gap, we introduce a comprehensive pipeline integrating GEMs with patient plasma metabolome. This pipeline constructs case-specific GEMs using literature-based and patient-specific metabolomic data. Novel computational methods, including adaptive sampling and an in-house developed algorithm for the rational exploration of the sampled space of solutions, enhance integration accuracy while improving computational performance. Model characterization involves task analysis in combination with clustering methods to identify critical cellular functions. The new pipeline was applied to a cohort of trauma patients to investigates shock-induced endotheliopathy using patient plasma metabolome data. By analyzing endothelial cell metabolism comprehensively, the pipeline identified critical substrates and contributed to the development of targeted therapeutic strategies. Our study demonstrates the efficacy of integrating patient plasma metabolome data into computational models to analyze endothelial cell metabolism in disease contexts. This approach offers a deeper understanding of metabolic dysregulations and provides insights into diseases with metabolic components and potential treatments.

This study investigated the characteristics of radio-frequency middle-pressure argon plasma used in the atomic layer deposition (ALD) of Al2O3 films. Based on the electrical characteristics, that is current, voltage, and phase shift between them, and stability of plasma plume, the optimum plasma power, allowing reliable switching on the plasma for any step of an ALD cycle, was determined. Spectral measurements were performed to determine the gas temperature and reactive species that could be important in the ALD process. The density of metastable argon atoms was estimated using tunable laser absorption spectroscopy. It was concluded that plasma heating of substrates did not affect film growth and proposed that the crystallization-enhancing effect of plasma was due to the action of OH radicals, produced in the plasma.

Nowadays, unmanned vehicles are widely used in various fields. However, the safety of unmanned vehicles is directly determined by the autopilot systems, and sensor faults are a very critical factor that affects the normal operation of the autopilot systems. To efficiently and comprehensively test unmanned systems for sensor faults, this paper proposes a chip-level testing platform for unmanned vehicle autopilot systems based on FPGA hardware-in-the-loop simulation. Unlike existing testing platforms, the introduction of FPGA technology allows us to achieve nanosecond real-time simulation frequency, thus realizing chip-level simulation of sensors and black-box automated testing. Firstly, we propose a set of general platform and modeling methods, and the paper presents a detailed application of the four most common necessary sensors in autopilot systems as examples. Secondly, we propose for the first time a chip-level fault testing method for unmanned systems, and build a test platform with a quadrotor vehicle, the PX4 software platform, and the Pixhawk4 hardware platform as examples. Finally, the experimental results verify that the testing platform proposed in this paper can adapt to various autopilot systems and has high simulation test reliability.

Water recycling and reuse are corner stones in the water management that may be compromised by the presence of pollutants. Among them, pharmaceuticals can overcome the standard water treatments and require sophisticated approaches to remove them. Sorption is an economically affordable alternative limited by the need of sorbents that exhibit sorption coefficient (Kd) higher than 500 L/kg to be useful in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). We report that th cross-linking of dextrin (Dx) with divinyl sulfone (DVS) in presence of 1 mmol or 5 mmol of ibuprofen (IBU) yields the insoluble polymers pDx1 and pDx5 with improved affinity for IBU, Kd higher than 600 L/kg for ciprofloxacin (CIP) and ofloxacin and an outstanding Kd higher than 4000 L/kg for erythromycin (ERY), when assayed against a cocktail of 6 drugs. The characterization of the polymers by XRPD, TGA and SEM reveals that both pDx1 and pDx5 share similar features, with an ERY Kd of 13 x 103 for pDx1 and 6.4 x 103 for pDx5. The facts that new affinities and improvements in Kd can be achieved by cross-linking Dx in presence of other molecules that promote a pre-organization, broaden the applications of DVS cross-linked polysaccharide as sustainable and eco-friendly sorbents.

Statistical denoising techniques have been well studied, however many challenges still remain. This 9 article focuses on determining the least necessary number of significant samples in a statistical pop-10 ulation sampling, while minimizing the impact on the statistical detection of the fiber Bragg grating 11 (FBG) power spectra. This is achieved by using Bayesian decision making, small population statis-12 tics while excluding false detection. First, we investigate the impact of two-sided sliding window 13 technique applied near the cell under the test. The window size varies from 8 to 60 samples. The 14 considered maximum size of population sampling is connected with the number of wavelength 15 samples within the bandwidth of the symmetrical FBG power spectra peaks. Regarding the sym-16 metry of FBG power spectra peaks and the possible reduction of computational demands, we inves-17 tigate the impact of a one-sided sliding window. This enables to achieve less processing latency for 18 real time applications thus brings benefits to FBG-based fiber optical sensing. Both, two- and one-19 sided small population sampling techniques are then experimentally verified. Detection results are 20 analyzed in depth via calculating detection thresholds by using the small size window sliding along-21 side the waveband. From results achieved, it was found that the normality three-sigma rule does 22 not need to be followed while using the small population sampling. Experimental demonstrations 23 and analyses showed that the proposed concept of denoising and statistical threshold detection 24 based on the sliding window does not depend on the prior knowledge of probability distribution 25 functions of the FBG power spectra peaks level and background noise. We have also found that the 26 thresholds’ adaptability mainly depends on the statistical numerical characteristics of the above ad-27 ditive mixture of the FBG power spectra peaks signals and background noise.

Autonomous vehicle technology, employing image sensors for road marking recognition, is largely dependent on the Lane Departure Warning System (LDWS) to prevent vehicular deviations from driving lanes. The effectiveness of image-based lane recognition, however, is susceptible to environmental influences like weather conditions and the surrounding road environment. This study investigates the impact of road marking retro-reflectivity on LDWS under varied environmental conditions. Conducted at the Yeoncheon SOC Demonstration Research Center, the experiments encompassed a spectrum of weather scenarios, incorporating rainfall and shifts between day and night lighting. Controlled wear was applied to white, yellow, and blue road markings, followed by measuring their retro-reflectivity at different stages of degradation. The LDWS's performance was evaluated by assessing the recognition rates of these markings under these diverse environmental settings. The study reveals that enhanced retro-reflectivity significantly boosts LDWS detection, especially in challenging weather conditions. Furthermore, the research led to the development of a simulation framework to analyze the cost-effectiveness of road marking maintenance, aligning it with the safety needs of autonomous vehicles. This framework suggests the necessity for updated road marking guidelines that cater to the advanced needs of driver assistance systems and autonomous vehicle technology.

The purpose of this study is to show an automated laser vision correction (LVC) with the transep-ithelial refractive keratectomy (TransPRK) surgery technique. Since more surgical steps have been automated over the years, we have standardized the TransPRK technique. We have been using it since 2010. This paper aims to illustrate the processes that are readily applicable to automation. To meet the patient's expectations and ensure that the patient has uncorrected visual acuity at least equal to the preoperative corrected vision with glasses, patient selection is crucial in refractive surgical procedures. One major benefit of automating the surgery is that it can be performed in a similar way by each surgeon or laser correction centre, so once the standard and results are good, these can be per-formed by different surgeons.

Wide bandgap semiconductors-based photocatalysts are usually limited by their low solar energy conversion efficiency due to their limited absorption solar wavelength, surface’s fast recombination of photoelectron–hole pairs and low charge-carrier mobility. Here we report a new stepwise solution synthesis for making a new photocatalytic core/shell of titanate nanowire/reduced graphene oxide shell (or titanate/rGO) 1D-nanocomposite. The new core/shell nanocomposite maximized the specific surface area, largely reduced the charge transfer resistance and reaction energy barrier, and significantly improved the absorption of the visible light. The core/shell nanocomposites’ large on/off current ratio and rapid photo-responses boosted the photocurrent by 30.0%, the photocatalysis rate by 50.0%, and the specific surface area by 16.4%, when comparing with the pure titanate nanowire core. Our numerical simulations support the effective charge separation on the new core-shell nanostructure, which can help further advance the new photocatalysis.

The study focused on the technical and scale efficiency of smallholder pineapple farmers in the Central Region of Ghana. The input-oriented Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) was used to estimate technical, pure and scale efficiencies of the smallholder pineapple farmers, of which a random sampling procedure was used to select 320 respondents. The study revealed that the farmers were technically inefficient with mean technical efficiency under Constant Returns to Scale (CRS), pure efficiency under Variable Returns to Scale (VRS) and the Scale Efficiency levels of 0.505, 0.641 and 0.772, respectively, due to farmers’ inability to exploit fully the available technology while experiencing evident post-harvest losses resulting from low adoption of post-harvest technologies. Such findings are meaningful and could help the farming communities and relevant policymakers to understand the issues in farming production and hence undertake necessary actions to potentially improve farmers’ technical and scale efficiencies in the study area.

Machine Learning is increasingly and ubiquitously being used in the medical domain. Evaluation metrics like accuracy, precision, and recall may indicate the performance of the models but not necessarily the reliability of their outcomes. This paper assesses the effectiveness of a number of machine learning algorithms applied to an important dataset in the medical domain, specifically, mental health, by employing explainability methodologies. Using multiple machine learning algorithms and model explainability techniques, the project provides insights into the model workings to help determine the reliability of the machine learning algorithm predictions. The results are not intuitive. It was found that the models were focusing significantly on less relevant features and at times, unsound ranking of the features to make the predictions. The paper therefore argues that it is important for research in applied machine learning to provide insights into explainability of the models in addition to other performance metrics like accuracy. This is particularly important for applications in critical domains such as healthcare. A future direction is to investigate methods to quantify the effectiveness of the machine learning models in terms of the insights from their explainability.

Distracted driving is a major cause of road traffic crashes in Yaoundé. Partly due to scarcity of enforcement, lack of evidence and investigation of distraction safety performance indicator (SPI), hindering evidence-based intervention. This study aimed to address this evidence gap by evaluating the distraction SPI using proven methodology. Data on distracted driving (handheld mobile device; interaction; eating/smoking/drinking) were collected from roadside observation on 36 randomly selected road sections carefully spread to cover the city. SPI were computed and weighted with traffic volume to ensure representativeness of values. A total of 41,004 drivers were observed (38,248 in car; 1,116 in van; 977 in truck; 663 in bus). The prevalence of distracted driving in Yaoundé is 13.69% for the three distractions type combined. The prevalence is 7.84% for interaction, 4.89% for handled mobile device usage and 0.96% for eating/smoking/drinking. Leveraging these insights, a seven year (2024 - 2030) fighting strategy aiming at halving the prevalence was developed. The strategy contains intervention including on legislation/enforcement, which have been proven effective. This study, pioneer in Yaoundé, provide stakeholders with evidence of the issue and measures to implement and can also serve when developing road safety strategy.Future research should consider investigation at national level.

Background: Despite a range of available treatments, there is a remaining unmet need for patients with severe post-partum hemorrhage (sPPH). Objective: This manuscript evaluated efficacy and safety of recombinant activated factor VIIa (rFVIIa) in sPPH management. Methods: An open-label, multi-center, randomized controlled trial (RCT; NCT00370877) and four observational studies (OS; OS-1 [NCT04723979], OS-2, OS-3 and OS-4) were analyzed regarding efficacy (need for subsequent invasive procedures, including uterine compression sutures, uterine or iliac artery ligation, arterial embolization or hysterectomy) and safety (incidence of thromboembolic events [TE] and maternal mortality) of rFVIIa for sPPH. The RCT, and OS-1 and OS-2, included a control group of women who did not receive rFVIIa (with propensity score-matching used in OS-1 and OS-2), whereas OS-3 and OS-4 provided descriptive data for rFVIIa exposed women only. Results: A total of 446 women exposed to rFVIIa and 1,717 non-exposed controls were included. In the RCT, fewer rFVIIa exposed women (50% [21/42]) had an invasive procedure versus non-exposed women (91% [38/42]; odds ratio 0.11, 95% confidence interval 0.03–0.35). In OS-1, more rFVIIa exposed women (58% [22/38]) had an invasive procedure versus non-exposed women (35% [13.3/38]; odds ratio 2.46, 95% confidence interval 1.06–5.99). In OS-2, 17% (3/18) of rFVIIa exposed women and 32% (5.6/17.8) of non-exposed women had an invasive procedure (odds ratio 0.33, 95% confidence interval 0.03–1.75). Across all included women, TEs occurred in 1.5% (0.2% arterial and 1.2% venous) of rFVIIa exposed women and 1.6% (0.2% arterial and 1.4% venous) of non-exposed women with available data. Conclusions: The positive treatment effect of rFVIIa in the RCT was not confirmed in the OS. However, the safety analysis did not show any increased incidence of TEs with rFVIIa treatment.

Background: Cell proliferation and the cell cycle are fundamental to tumor development, with mitosis playing a crucial role in cell division. Understanding the complexities of the cell cycle and mitosis is critical for cancer research, especially in the context of developing therapeutic strategies. Objective: This review highlights mitotic poisons as potential anti-cancer pharmacotherapeutics, particularly their structural and functional group diversity presenting opportunity for semi-synthesis of new derivatives with multi-target mechanisms relevant for cancer pharmacotherapeutics. Also, the review explores naturally occurring mitotic poisons and inhibitors of microtubule-dependent molecular motors as promising cancer pharmacotherapeutics. Methods: A comprehensive review of literature from 2004 to 2023 was conducted, covering studies on cell proliferation, mechanism of cell cycle regulation, mitosis, cytokinesis, and anti-cancer drug development. The published literature was collected primarily from PubMed, Scopus, Medline, Web of Science Core Collections, Google Scholar and other relevant scientific databases using keywords including but not limited to mitotic poisons and cancer, sources of mitotic poisons, mechanism of mitotic poisons, targets of mitotic poisons and structural diversity of mitotic poisons. The efficacy and limitations of various mitotic poisons and their impact on different cancer types were examined. Recent advancements in targeted therapeutic interventions for various cancers were also explored. Results: The effectiveness and limitations of mitotic poisons, including Taxanes, Epothilones, Colchicine, Vinca alkaloids, Berberine, Laulimalide, and Pseudolaric acid B, were highlighted. Drugs targeting mitotic kinases such as CDKs, Aurora kinases, PLK1, and WEE1 inhibitors were reported. Inhibiting kinesin motor proteins such as Eg5 and KIF15 to interfere with spindle formation and cell division were discussed, along with specific genomic alterations in KIF genes and the discovery of KIFC1 as potential for future research and drug development. Conclusion: Targeting microtubules and mitotic kinases, along with inhibiting kinesin motor proteins, show promise for cancer pharmacotherapeutics. The combination of targeted therapies, patient stratification based on biomarkers (such as low alpha-1 acid glycoprotein and high p63 expression), and exploration of alternative natural sources of mitotic poisons and analogues can significantly advance cancer pharmacotherapy to improve patient outcomes.

The grooved carpet-shell clam is one of the most economically relevant shellfish species living in the Mediterranean and nearby Atlantic coasts. Previous studies using different types of genetic markers showed a remarkable genetic divergence of the Eastern Mediterranean, Western Mediterranean and Atlantic populations, but important details remained unclear. Here, data from six nuclear introns scored for restriction fragment size polymorphisms in eight populations that have not been studied before have been pooled for the analysis with data scattered through three previous studies, totaling 32 samples from 29 locations. The results show lower levels of heterozygosity, higher mean number of alleles, and alleles with restricted distribution in the Mediterranean populations, suggesting the existence of a large isolated population in the eastern Mediterranean at the middle Pleistocene. The data also confirm the similarity of populations from Tunisia to western Mediterranean populations. Finally, a genetic mosaic is apparent in the Atlantic coasts of the Iberian Peninsula, with a divergence of Rias Baixas populations from more northern populations and Central Portugal populations. The effects of oceanic fronts, seasonal upwellings, river plumes and/or fishery management operations could explain this and other features of the Atlantic populations.

Industry 5.0 philosophy recognizes the effectiveness and productivity of the industry sector to add value to society and place workers' comfort as it focal aim . The difference between Industry 5.0 and its predecessors, and unlike Industry 4.0, industry 5.0 thematic principles rely on a tripod of sustainable, human-centric and resilient, these thematic principles underlined the industry 5.0 vision of social value, improving work-safety , application of technology to produce wealth beyond jobs, research and innovation , and strengthen of industrial resilience and competitiveness. But recently, there is a general belief that a perfect storm is brewing for the future of work, brought about by ever-more concerning trends of displacement and low skill levels of workers competencies to handle the new technologies of industry 5.0 in emerging economies. This paper therefore, will discuss the desired twenty-first-century competencies that are needed in the workforce for Industry 5.0, two research questions guided the study to identify these twenty-first-century competencies, and how these competencies can be cultivated and inculcated in the education curriculum and policies of emerging economies and the potential of the adaptation of Industry 5.0 on these emerging economies. the study concluded that emerging economies must possess the ability to create policies that will advance social stability, resource preservation, and climate objectives, which will enable more productive production processes with lower waste and energy usage.

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), a heterogeneous group of recurring inflammatory condi-tions of the digestive system that encompass both ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn’s disease (CD), pose a significant public health challenge, currently lacking a definitive cure. The specif-ic etiopathogenesis of IBD is not yet fully understood, but a multifactorial interplay of genetic and environmental factors is suspected. A growing body of evidence supports the involve-ment of intestinal dysbiosis in the development of IBD, including the effects of dysbiosis on the integrity of the intestinal epithelial barrier, modulation of the host immune system, alter-ations in the enteric nervous system, and the perpetuation of chronic inflammation. A com-prehensive understanding of these mechanisms is important to define preventive measures, to develop new effective and lasting treatments and to improve disease outcome. This review examines the complex tri-directional relationship between gut microbiota, mucosal immune system, and intestinal epithelium in IBD. In addition, nonpharmacological and behavioral strategies aimed at restoring a proper microbial-immune relationship will be suggested.

The aim of the present work is to explore a different non-traditional approach to higher dimensional spacetime which differs from the usual approaches such as large extra space dimensions, warped extra space dimensions and multiple extra time dimensions. This approach will be referred to as "Dynamic" higher dimensional spacetime. By this term will be introduced a new kind of higher dimensional spacetime (more than the usual 3+1 dimensions), which behaves dynamically in the sense that time is not a fixed dimension but is the extra plus one dimension to the spatial dimensions of the phenomenon we are studying. For a higher dimensional phenomenon, the lower dimensional time will behave as space and the new time will be a plus one dimension, meaning if we study a 3-dimensional phenomenon then time is the usual 4th dimension but if we are studying a 4-dimensional phenomenon then its time will be an extra 5th dimension and for this phenomenon the 4th dimension will behave as space. All spatial dimensions are indistinguishable from each other and behave in the exact same way, which means that the important parameter is not the dimension we are studying (for example the 4th or the 5th) but the number of dimensions in which a phenomenon can interact and how higher dimensional phenomena interact with lower ones. This non-traditional approach to higher dimensional spacetime may appear confusing at first but will become clearer in the rest of the paper. For this reason, we will first associate the time dimension with propagation relative to space dimensions and change orthogonal to them in order to give the reader a better intuition. Following that, we will describe how higher - dimensional phenomena would appear to us, the 3 - dimensional observer and try to set some guidelines on how we should mathematically model higher - dimensional phenomena in order for us to make accurate predictions of their behaviour. Then we will express the general framework of a "Dynamic" higher - dimensional spacetime and turn our gaze to 4+1 – dimensional phenomena. We will explore how a mass term arises for 4 – dimensional waves by generalizing the frequency – speed – wavelength relation of 3D waves and give a basic description on a possible way to describe a 4+1 – dimensional disturbance in a scalar Energy Field in order to make accurate predictions on our 3+1 dimensional plane. In this framework we will derive the Klein – Gordon equation by generalizing the wave equation and ignoring all lower than 4+1 - dimensional disturbances and compere our mass term findings with the Klein – Gordon equation mass term and with results from gravity – induced quantum interference experiments. Lastly, we will describe how a "Dynamic" 5 - dimensional spacetime would appear in a 3D observer and examine whether our findings are compatible with quantum mechanics and the special theory of relativity.

Cellular Technology came into existence in Japan in 1979. From that time, we have seen many advances in technology. Currently, most of the person uses either 4G or 5G, among which 5G is a newer technology. 4G network was the first network to use LTE. LTE stands for Long Term Evaluation. Most people get confused between 4G and LTE, they assume both to be the same. In reality, LTE has evolved on the 4G technology. It was first introduced in 2008 to provide higher efficiency and data rates to the cellular network. It was designed to evolve the performance of the networks which includes the evolution of hardware components, optimization of software, power and cost efficiency. This work presents a study on LTE, LTE-A and VoLTE technology. We also discussed about the several packet scheduling algorithms that are being used for transmission of packets. It brings out new opportunities for the researchers to work on increasing the efficiency of those algorithms by modifications.

Concrete is more stable than filler as a false roof in a downward approach type infill quarry, but the mechanical model of a concrete false roof is not clear. As a result, there has been limited application. Therefore, it is necessary to establish the mechanical model of a concrete artificial false roof to enhance the stability of the downward approach infill quarry. This paper combines theoretical analysis, model derivation, finite element analysis and field application methods. Firstly, the basic assumptions of thin plate theory and elasticity mechanics are used as the premise to establish the differential equations of the deflection curve of the concrete thin plate false roof. Then, the three types of bending moment generation of the concrete thin plate false roof are explored. Secondly, the relationship between the location of dangerous surface and dangerous point in hard-supported weak-slab structure and soft-supported weak-slab structure is analyzed, and the type of uniform load and calculation model of concrete thin-slab false roof are improved. Finally, according to the established mechanical model of thin slab false roof, finite element analysis and field application were carried out. The results show that there are three types of deflection curve differential equations in the concrete thin slab false roof perpendicular to the strike, and three extreme points exist in the middle section of the thin slab and on both sides of the surrounding rock. The hazardous surface of the hard-supported weak-slab structure is present at the intersection of the encircling rock and the thin-slab fake ceiling, with the perilous point situated on the top of this surface. The hazardous surface of the soft-supported weak-slab structure can be found in the centre section of the thin-slab fake ceiling, with the perilous point being located at the bottom of this surface. Moreover, the damage mode for both structures is that of maximum tensile stress damage. Upon conducting a finite element analysis, the results indicate that the concrete's maximum tensile stress is significantly high.

Understanding morphological and genetic diversity of forest trees is essential to facilitate their conservation, sustainable management and genetic improvement for addressing the economic and environmental demands and challenges. We have examined variation in morphometric seed and pod traits and seed germination of multipurpose and widely distributed forest tree Albizia lebbek (Indian siris) from 12 provenances covering the species’ range in northern India and its relationships with bioclimatic factors. Highly significant inter-provenance variation was observed in seed size (seed length (SL), seed width (SW), SW/SL, SL×SW), seed mass (1000 seed weight), pod size (pod length (PL), pod width (PW), PW/PL), seed germination, number of seeds per pod, and insect infected seeds (IIS). The provenance effect contributed a major portion to the total phenotypic variance. Morphometric variation in all traits except for IIS was not clinal related to longitude, latitude, altitude or rainfall. There was an indication of the presence of ecotypic variation. IIS showed clinal variation with significant negative correlation with latitude. Most seed size and pod size traits showed positive correlations with several temperature bioclimatic factors and negative correlations with several precipitation bioclimatic factors. Our results have significance for genetic improvement, population genetics and genomics studies and conservation and sustainable management of A. lebbek genetic resources.

Hydrogen fuel is gaining particular attention in internal combustion engines. In addition to zero-carbon emissions, major advantages relate to its combustion characteristics, which allow significant increase in thermal efficiency under ultra-lean operation and with very low NOx levels. The ignition system is one of the main technology enablers, as it determines the capability to control ultra-lean operations, avoid backfire phenomena, or reduce the risks of abnormal combustions. The latter results from the hydrogen low ignition energy and it is associated with factors like high-temperature residuals, hot spots, and irregular spark plug discharge. ACIS gen 2-Barrier Discharge Igniter excels in accelerating the initial flame growth speed by the generation of non-equilibrium low-temperature plasma, strong ignition promoter for the combined action of kinetic and thermal effects. Moreover, its volumetric discharge facilitates combustion initiation on a wide region, in contrast to the localized ignition of traditional spark systems. In this work we present for the first time, to the best of our knowledge, experimental results showing the performance of a hydrogen engine with a low-temperature plasma discharge. Tests were conducted on a single-cylinder research engine, achieving ultra-lean conditions with cycle-to-cycle variability results below 2.5%. The analysis indicates that the H2 - BDI combined solution is capable of accelerating the evolution of the flame front compared to traditional spark plugs, leading to a significant reduction in the cycle-to-cycle variability. A meticulous adjustment of the BDI control parameters further enhances igniter performance and contributes to a deeper understanding of the innovative approach proposed in this study.

Polyphenols and fermentable fibers have shown favorable effects on gut microbiota composition and metabolic function. However, few studies have investigated whether combining multiple fermentable fibers or polyphenols may have additive beneficial effects on gut microbial states. Here, an in vitro fer-mentation model, seeded with human stool combined from 30 healthy volunteers, was supplemented with blends of polyphenols (PP), dietary fibers (FB) or their combination (PPFB) to determine influence on gut bacteria growth dynamics and select metabolite changes. PP and FB blends independently lead to significant increases in the absolute abundance of select beneficial taxa, namely Ruminococcus bromii, Bifidobacterium spp., Lactobacillus spp. and Dorea spp. Total short chain fatty acid concentrations, relative to non-supplemented control (F), increased significantly with PPFB and FB supplementation, but not PP. Indole and ammonia concentrations decreased with FB and PPFB supplementation, but not PP alone while increased antioxidant capacity was only evident with both PP and PPFB. These findings demonstrated that, while the independent blends displayed selective positive impacts on gut states, combination of both blends provided an additive effect. The work outlines the potential of mixed substrate blends to elicit a broader positive influence on gut microbial composition and function to build resiliency toward dysbiosis.

This research work has been based on a previous study by the authors that characterized the behavior of a polyimide-coated FBG sensor in a structural monitoring system. Sensors applied to structural health monitoring are affected in the presence of a state of multidirectional strains simultaneously. The previous study observed the influence of transverse strain (ε_y) while keeping longitudinal strain constant (ε_x), where the direction x is the direction of the optical fiber. The present study developed an experimental methodology which has consisted of carrying out a campaign of biaxial tests on cruciform specimens with three embedded FBG sensors coated with polyimide, acrylate and ORMOCER®. Applying the Strain–Optic Theory as reference, a comparison of the results obtained with the different coatings has been studied. This experimental work has done it possible to study the influence of transverse strain (ε_y) in the longitudinal measurement of each of the FBG sensor and the influence of the coating material. Finally, the calibration procedure as well as the strain sensitivity factor K for each sensor has been defined.

Predictive biomarkers for immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI), such as PD-L1 expression (TPS), remain limited in clinical applications. Improved novel ICI predictive biomarkers are urgently needed. We evaluated a live single-cell functional liquid biopsy cytokine profiling platform to track immunotherapy treatment response and outcomes. Peripheral blood mononuclear cell samples of healthy donors and NSCLC patients undergoing ICI-based therapies were collected longitudinally pre-/post-treatment under IRB-approved protocols. Samples were enriched for CD4+ and CD8+ T-lymphocytes and analyzed on the IsoLight platform. The single T-cells were captured in microchambers on IsoCode chips for cytokines profiling. Functional polyfunctionality data from 55,775 single cells were analyzed using the IsoSpeak software, kappa coefficient, and Kaplan-Meier survival plots. We found a significant difference between responders and non-responders in CD8+ T-cells’ changes in overall polyfunctionality and polyfunctional strength index (ΔPSI). ΔPSI score in CD8+ T-cells performed better than PD-L1 TPS and, when combined with PD-L1 TPS, strongly correlated with early ICI treatment response with a kappa coefficient of 1.0 (p=0.003). High CD4+ T-cells ΔPSI predicted a strong trend of improved PFS (3.9-fold) and OS (3-fold). In conclusion, single peripheral T-cell polyfunctionality dynamics analysis is a promising liquid biopsy profiling platform as NSCLC ICI predictive biomarker regardless of oncogene-addiction status.

Clofazimine and Arbidol have both been reported to be effective in vitro SARS-CoV-2 fusion inhibitors. Both are promising drugs repurposed for treatment of COVID-19 and have been used in several previous and ongoing clinical trials. Small-molecule binding to expressed constructs of the trimeric S2 segment of Spike and the full-length SARS-CoV-2 spike protein were measured using a Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) binding assay. We demonstrate that Clofazimine, Toremifene, Arbidol and other Arbidol derivatives bind to the S2 segment of the Spike protein. Clofazimine provided the most reliable and highest quality SPR binding data to S2 over the conditions explored. A molecular docking approach was used to identify the most favorable binding sites on the S2 segment in the prefusion conformation, highlighting two possible small-molecule binding sites for fusion inhibitors. Results from molecular docking and modeling the structure-activity-relationship (SAR) of a newly reported series of Clofazimine derivatives supports the proposed Clofazimine binding site on the S2 segment. When the proposed Clofazimine binding site is superimposed with other experimentally determined coronavirus structures in structure-sequence alignments, the changes in sequence and structure may rationalize the broad-spectrum antiviral activity of Clofazimine in closely related coronavirus such as (SARS-CoV, MERS, hCoV-229E, hCoV-OC43).

The aviation industry has proposed multiple solutions to reduce fuel consumption, air pollution and noise at airports, one of which involves deploying electric trucks for aircraft towing between the stand and the runway. However, the introduction of tow trucks results in increased surface traffic, posing challenges from the perspective of Air Traffic Controller's (ATCO). Various solutions involving automated planning and execution have been proposed, but many are constrained by their inability to manage multiple active runways simultaneously, and their failure to account for tow truck battery state-of-charge during assignments. This paper presents a novel system for taxi operations that employs autonomous tow trucks to enhance ground operations and address deficiencies in existing approaches. The system focuses on identifying conflict-free solutions that minimize taxi-related delays and route length while maximising the efficient use of the tow trucks. The algorithm operates at a strategic level and uses a centralised approach. It has the capacity to cater for multiple active runways and considers factors such as tow truck battery state-of-charge and availability of charging stations. Furthermore, the proposed algorithm is capable of scheduling and routing tow trucks for aircraft taxiing without generating traffic conflicts.

Infection with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and induced acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) represent one of the greatest health burdens worldwide. The complex pathophysiological pathways that link highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) and HIV infection per se with dyslipidemia make the management of lipid disorders and the subsequent increase in cardiovascular risk essential for the treatment of people living with HIV (PLHIV). Amongst the HAART regimens, darunavir and atazanavir in terms of protease inhibitors, tenofovir disoproxil fumarate, nevirapine or rilpivirine in terms of nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors and non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors respectively, and especially integrase inhibitors, have demonstrated the most favorable lipid profile emerging as sustainable options in HAART substitution. To this day, statins remain the cornerstone pharmacotherapy for dyslipidemia in PLHIV, although important drug-drug interactions with different HAART agents should be taken into account upon treatment initiation. For those intolerant or not meeting therapeutic goals, the addition of ezetimibe, PCSK9, bempedoic acid, fibrates or fish oils should also be considered. This review summarizes the current literature on the multifactorial etiology and intricate pathophysiology of hyperlipidemia in PLHIV, with an emphasis on the role of different HAART agents, while also providing valuable insights into potential switching strategies and therapeutic options.

In this article, we investigate both the Schrödinger and continuity equations in the presence of nonlocal potential that arising from electron-electron interaction and local one in the context of minimal uncertainty in momentum within commutative and noncommutative frameworks. Furthermore, the Frahn–Lemmer potential type is used. Interestingly, the combined effects of both the phase-space noncommutativity and nonlocality on the current density while considering a minimal uncertainty in momentum are examined. We find that the current density, as conventionally defined, does not fulfil the condition of current conservation, thus, a new definition of the current density that encompasses the aforementioned contributions is given. Thereafter, it is shown that the computed current using the new definition of the current density satisfies the current conservation. Noting that using both the $★$product and linear Bopp-Shift, the noncommutativity is inserted.

In this paper, a new full-Newton step feasible interior point method for convex quadratic programming is presented and analyzed. The idea behind this method is to replace the complementarity condition with a non-negative variable weight vector and use the algebraic equivalent transformation for the obtained equation. Under the selection of appropriate parameters, the quadratic rate of convergence of the new algorithm is established. In addition, the iteration complexity of the algorithm is obtained. Finally, some numerical results are presented to demonstrate the practical performance of the proposed algorithm.

Speeding is a significant global issue, with disparities in speed outcome and speed research between low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) and high-income countries (HICs). This study aims to address speed research gaps by examining the prevalence of self-reported speeding and factors influencing drivers' speeding behavior (SB) using the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB). An online survey involving 387 anonymous drivers was conducted in Yaoundé. Results showed that all drivers reported exceeding speed limits, with 81% exceeding by 5km/h, 12% by 10km/h, and 7% by more than 10km/h in urban areas. On highways, 54% reported exceeded the limit by more than 10km/h. Age, driver's license, and gender showed significant associations with speed limits non-compliance. The study results suggests that the TPB can be useful in assessing speeding behavior, as the inclusion of TPB variables led to a more than 50% proportionate increase in SB variance. Structural equation modeling revealed attitude towards speeding as the strongest predictor of speeding intention (SI), along with certain demographics indirectly influencing SB through SI. Perceived behavioral control (PBC) and SI directly influenced SB. These findings emphasize the potential of interventions targeting attitude, intentions, and perceived behavioral control to modify speeding behavior and improve road safety.

Evolutionary algorithms and swarm intelligence algorithms find applicability in reinforcement learning of neural networks due to their independence from gradient-based methods. To achieve successful training of neural networks using these algorithms, careful considerations must be made to select appropriate algorithms due to the availability of various algorithmic variations. In Part1, 2 and 3, the author previously reported experimental evaluations on Evolution Strategy, Genetic Algorithm, and Differential Evolution for reinforcement learning of neural networks, utilizing the Acrobot control task. This article constitutes Part4 of the series of comparative research. In this study, Particle Swarm Optimization is adopted as an instance of major swarm intelligence algorithms. The experimental result shows that PSO performed worse than all of DE, GA and ES. The difference between PSO and DE was statistically significant (p<.01). In addition, PSO exhibited lower capability in exploring solutions in high-dimensional search spaces than DE, GA, and ES did. A larger swarm size compensated for the weakness of PSO in global exploration, thus making itself more beneficial than a larger number of swarm search iterations.

Trace amines are a separate, independent group of biogenic amines, close in structure to classical monoamine neurotransmitters such as dopamine, serotonin and norepinephrine. G protein-coupled Trace Amine-Associated Receptors (TAAR) are mostly investigated for their involvement in the pathogenesis of neuropsychiatric disorders, but expression of TAAR family receptors is observed also in various populations of cells of the immune system. The review is focused on the basic information on the interaction of trace amines and their receptors with cells of the general immune system of humans and other mammals, as well as on data on TAARs role in the function of individual populations of myeloid and lymphoid cells. With further research on the regulatory role of the trace amine system in the pathogenesis of the immune response and determination of the biological mechanisms for their action it would be possible to develop new methods for treating diseases related to immune system dysfunctions.

In today’s fast paced, attention-demanding society, executive functions and attentional resources are often taxed. Individuals need ways to sustain and restore these resources. We first review the concepts of attention and restoration, as instantiated in Attention Restoration Theory (ART). ART emphasizes the role of nature in restoring attention. We then discuss essentials of experiments on the causal influences of nature. Next, we expand the concept of ART to include modern, designed environments. We propose a wider perspective termed attentional ecology, in which attention behavior is viewed within a larger system involving the human and their interactions over time with environmental demands. When the ecology is optimal, mental functioning can be a positive “flow” that is productive, sustainable for the individual, and sometimes creative.

This paper introduces an Agent-Based Model (ABM) for investigating the dynamics of the Internet of Things (IoT) ecosystem, specifically focusing on dynamic coalition formation among IoT Service Providers (SPs). Extending our prior work in 5G network modeling, the ABM captures intricate interactions among device, network operator, SP, and customer agents, offering a versatile framework for studying IoT ecosystem dynamics. The simulation portrays the adaptive nature of collaborations, providing insights into the role of dynamic coalition formation in shaping the collaborative landscape of IoT.

A hybrid material, consisting of commercially available nitrocellulose (NC) membrane non-covalently modified with amino-polyethylene glycol functionalized reduced graphene oxide (NH2-PEG-rGO) nanoparticles, was successfully synthesized for oligonucleotide extraction. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) confirmed the modification of the NC membrane, revealing characteristic peaks of both compounds NC and NH2-PEG-rGO. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) exhibited morphological changes in the NC/NH2-PEG-rGO hybrid membrane, marked by the introduction of NH2-PEG-rGO particles, resulting in a distinctly smothered surface compared to the porous surface of the NC control membrane. Wettability assays revealed hydrophobic behavior for the NC/NH2-PEG-rGO hybrid membrane, with a water contact angle exceeding 90°, contrasting with the hydrophilic behavior characterized by a 16.7° contact angle in the NC membrane. The performance of the NC/NH2-PEG-rGO hybrid membrane was evaluated for the extraction of ssDNA with fewer than 50 nucleotides from solutions containing various ionic species (MnCl2, MgCl2, and MnCl2/MgCl2). The NC/NH2-PEG-rGO hybrid membrane exhibited optimal performance when incubated in MgCl2, presenting the highest fluorescence emission at 525 relative fluorescence units (r.f.u.). This corresponds to the extraction of approximately 610 pg (≈13%) of the total oligo-DNA, underscoring the efficacy of the pristine material, which extracts 286 pg (≈6%) of oligo-DNA in complex solutions.

Direct and indirect effects after mine operations cease must ideally be subject to perpetual monitoring routines in order to detect possible risks or avoid adverse effects on the surrounding ecosystems at an early stage. In this contribution, mining subsidence lakes created inside the nature reserve Kirchheller Heide and Hilsfeld Forest are subjected to analysis for a long-term monitoring scheme. For this purpose, we employ high-resolution unmanned aerial system (UAS)-based multispectral and thermal mapping tools to provide a fast, non-invasive and multitemporal environmental monitoring method. Specifically, we propose to monitor vegetation evolution through multispectral analysis, biotypes identification using machine learning algorithms, and water surface extent detection, together with their thermal behavior. The aim of this contribution is to present the proposed workflow and first results to establish a baseline for future analyses and subsequent surveys for longterm multi-temporal monitoring

Objective: In this work, we evaluated the chemical composition by chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry, antimicrobial and insecticidal activity of essential oils (TrEO) and nanoeffu-sion (NTrEO) of oil from Tetradenia riparia leaves. We also evaluated the acute toxicity in Mus musculus. The results showed that S. aureus showed greater susceptibility to TrEO, with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 125 µg.mL-1, when compared to P. aeruginosa, E. coli, which presented a MIC of 250 µg.mL-1. There was a greater toxic effect on TrEO (LC50 = 630.29 µg.mL-1) and NTrEO (LC50 = 713.68 µg.mL-1) larvae, effect on pupae (LC50 = 630.29 µg.mL-1) and NTrEO (LC50 = 713.68 µg.mL-1) and ovicide (LC50 = 631.184 µg.mL-1) and NTrEO (LC50 = 146.701 µg.mL-1) of Ae. aegypti after 24 h of exposure, when compared to other exposure periods. Chemical analysis re-vealed 20 components, aromadendrene oxide (23.47%) being the main component. Female and male mice were used to assess toxicity and oral administration of NTrEO to mice did not result in acute toxicity. Thus, the essential oil of T. riparia and its nanoemulsion have insecticidal and an-timicrobial potential for Ae. aegypti, S. aureus, E. coli, P. aeruginosa, and has a high toxicological safety threshold at the concentrations evaluated in this study.

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common type of primary liver cancer and is highly invasive and easily recurs. For HCC, chemotherapy shows a limited effect. The gold standard for HCC treatment includes curative surgical resection or liver transplantation. However, the recur-rence rate at 5 years after liver resection is estimated at approximately 70% and even at 5 years after liver transplantation, it is 20%. Therefore, improving survival outcomes after curative surgi-cal resection of liver cancer is crucial. This review highlights the importance of identifying risk factors for HCC recurrence following radical surgical resection and adjuvant therapy options that may reduce the recurrence risk and improve overall survival, including local adjuvant therapy (e.g., transcatheter arterial chemoembolization and radiotherapy), adjuvant systemic therapy (e.g., small molecule targeted therapy and immunotherapy), and other adjuvant therapies (e.g., chem-otherapy). However, further research is needed to refine the use of these therapies and optimize their effectiveness in preventing HCC recurrence.

The study aims to explain the different effects between the multiplication, addition, division and subtraction equations. In this sense, multiplication and addition equations develop a new element or fact, meanwhile, division equations express information within the element or fact, subtraction is the selection of element or fact. Furthermore, for a multiplication and addition equation results in the new element or fact, it is necessary to depend on specific physical concepts, without extreme alteration, as it would result in the alteration of the element or fact. It is worth highlighting the importance of fixed values ​​in the equation to describe the specific nature of the element or fact. The study makes it possible to understand open equations (without solutions) in mathematics and physics, in addition to understanding existing equations. The study makes reference to the theory of obligatory necessity and the theory of differences between elements.

Phagocytosis (and endocytosis) is an unusual cellular process which results in the formation of a novel subcellular organelle, the phagosome. This phagosome contains not only the internalised target of phagocytosis, but also the external medium, creating a new border between extracellular and intracellular environments. The boundary at the plasma membrane is, of course, tightly controlled and exploited in ionic cell signalling events. Although there has been much work on the control of phagocytosis by ions, notable Ca2+ ions influxing across the plasma membrane, increasing our understanding of the mechanism enormously, very little work has been done exploring the phagosome/cytosol boundary. In this paper, we have explored the changes in the intra-phagosomal Ca2+ ion content which occur during phagocytosis and phagosome formation in human neutrophils. Measuring Ca2+ ion concentration in the phagosome is potentially prone to artefacts as the intra-phagosomal environment experiences changes in pH and oxidation. However, by excluding such artefacts, we conclude that there are open Ca2+ channels on the phagosome, which allow Ca2+ ions to ‘drain’ into the surrounding cytosol. This conclusion was confirmed by monitoring the translocation of intracellularly expressed YFP-tagged C2 domain of PKC-γ. This approach marked regions of membrane at which Ca2+ influx occurred, the earliest being the phagocytic cup, and then the whole cell. This paper therefore presents data which has novel implications for understanding phagocytic Ca2+ signalling events, such as peri-phagosomal Ca2+ hotspots, and other phenomena.

Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) is a global agricultural pest that poses a threat to crop production, characterized by its refractory polyphagous nature that makes it difficult to control and may lead to damage to woody plants. However, research on its adaptability to woody plants remains limited. This study compares the feeding adaptations (survival rate, pupation time, pupation rate, weight, length, and feeding volume), protective enzyme activities, and feeding preferences of S. frugiperda on leaves of six economically significant tree species (Areca catechu, Aquilaria sinensis, Cocos nucifera, Camellia oleifera, Dalbergia odorifera and Hevea brasiliensis) and maize as a control treatment. The results indicate that A. sinensis as the most vulnerable trees in high risk, H. brasiliensis and C. nucifera presented varying degrees of susceptibility, A. catechu, C. oleifera, and D. odorifera were unsuitability for S. frugiperda. In conclusion, this report extensively explores the feeding effects of S. frugiperda on six economically important tree species, and provides insights into the feeding preferences on these plants, thereby informing the potential threat posed by S. frugiperda to economically vital trees.

Most common classifications for acetabular bone defects are based on radiographic two-dimension imaging, with low reliability and reproducibility. With the rise of modern processing techniques based on 3D modelling, methodologies for volumetric quantification of acetabular bone loss are available. Our study aims to describe a new methodology for quantitative assess-ment of acetabular defects, based on 3D modelling, focused on the surface analysis of the integrity of the main anatomical structures of the acetabulum represented by four corresponding sectors (posterior, superior, anterior, and medial). The defect entity is measured as the Area Increase Ra-tio (AIR) detected in all the sectors analyzed on three planes of view (frontal, sagittal and axial) compared to healthy hemipelvises. The analysis was performed on 3D-models from the CT-scan of six exemplary specimens with a unilateral pathological hemipelvis. AIR between the native and the pathological hemipelvis was calculated for each sector, for a total of 48 analysis (range, +0.93% - +171.35%). AIR of >50% were found in 22/48(45.8%) sectors and affected mostly the posterior, medial and superior sectors (20/22, 90.9%). Qualitative analysis showed consistency of the data with the morphological features of the defects. Further studies with larger samples are needed to validate the methodology and potentially develop a new classification scheme.

Fingerprints are essential for human identification and are valuable tools in criminal investigations. The pursuit of new materials for digital printing is expanding, with increasing interest in natural compounds such as bixin, sourced from annatto seeds. Despite its traditional use as a natural dye with medicinal properties, the potential of bixin in papilloscopy remains largely untapped. In this study, we meticulously extracted bixin from annatto seeds and meticulously developed composites incorporating zinc carbonate (bixin/ZnCO3) and kaolinite (bixin/kaolinite). UV-visible spectroscopy was used for characterization, and the extracted bixin showed absorption peaks at 429, 453, and 481 nm, which were very similar to standard peaks at 429, 457, and 487 nm. The two samples also had the same retention times (7.07 min) according to further liquid chromatography analysis. Sweat pores were easier to detect thanks to the effectiveness of the bixin/ZnCO3 and bixin/kaolinite composites in creating high contrast sebaceous and natural latent fingerprints. These results highlight the composites’ potential as novel and fascinating instruments for papilloscopy applications, which might also improve forensic investigations.

This paper will discuss Data, Information, Knowledge, and Wisdom, which is commonly referred to as DIKW. The DIKW Pyramid Model that is often referenced in both academics and practitioner circles will be discussed and shown to be faulty on several levels, including. a lack of definitional agreement. A new DIKW framework will be proposed that focuses on what the DIKW elements do in the way humans think, not what they are by definition. Information as a replacement for wasted physical resources in goal-oriented tasks will be a central organizing point. The paper will move the DIKW discussion to the computer-based concept of Digital Twins (DTs) and its augmentation of how we can use DIKW to be more effective and efficient. This will especially be the case as we move to Intelligent Digital Twins (IDT) with Artificial Intelligence (AI).

Grasping the spatial and temporal patterns of forest fires, along with the key factors that drive them and the ability to forecast such events accurately, is essential for the successful management of forests. In China's southern region, forest fires significantly endanger the ecological system, public safety, and economic well-being. Through the application of Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and LightGBM (Light Gradient Boosting Machine) model, this study investigates the determinants of fire incidents and formulates a predictive model for forest fire occurrences, alongside a zoning strategy, within the Central-South area. The results indicate: (i) Spatially, fire points exhibit significant clustering and autocorrelation characteristics; (ii) The Central-South Forest Fire Prediction Model shows exceptional accuracy, reliability, and predictive power, with high performance metrics across training and validation sets, including over 85% accuracy, precision, recall, and F1 scores, along with AUC values above 89%, underscoring its efficacy in forecasting forest fires and distinguishing between fire events; (iii) Throughout the year, forest fire risks in the Central-South region of China vary by region and season, with risk spikes from March to May in Guangdong, Guangxi, Hunan, Hubei, and Hainan. From June to August, localized risks are observed in Heyuan and Huangshi, while from September to November, an increase in risk is noted in Guangdong (Meizhou, Heyuan, Shaoguan), Guangxi (Nanning, Hezhou, Yulin), and Hunan (Binzhou, Yongzhou, Hengyang) due to cooler, drier conditions and leaf litter accumulation. From December to February, the risk continues in specific areas across Guangdong, Guangxi, Hunan, and Hubei.

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease characterized by resting tremor, bradykinesia, rigidity, postural instability, that also includes non-motor symptoms such as mood dysregulation. Dopamine (DA) is the primary neurotransmitter involved in this disease, but cholinergic imbalance has also been implicated. Current intervention in PD is focused on replenishing central DA, which provides remarkable temporary symptomatic relief but does not address the neuronal loss and the progression of the disease. It has been well established that neuronal nicotinic cholinergic receptors (nAChRs) can regulate DA release and that nicotine itself may have neuroprotective effects. Recent studies have identified nAChRs in nonneuronal cell types including glial cells, where they may regulate inflammatory responses. Given the crucial role of neuroinflammation in dopaminergic degeneration, and the involvement of microglia and astrocytes in this response, glial nAChRs may provide a novel therapeutic target in prevention and/or treatment of PD. In this review, following a brief discussion of PD, we focus on the role of glial cells and specifically their nAChRs in PD pathology and/or treatment.

This review article offers an in-depth look at DNA, its discovery, structure, functions, and the significant role it plays in modern biomedical research. It begins by revisiting the landmark discovery of the DNA double helix by scientists Watson and Crick, a structure resembling a twisted ladder that forms the blueprint of life. The review explains the basic processes of DNA replication (copying DNA), transcription (converting DNA to RNA), and translation (turning RNA into proteins), which are fundamental to understanding how genetic information is passed on and used by living organisms. The article then explores gene regulation and epigenetics, which involve how genes are turned on or off and how environmental factors can affect gene expression without changing the DNA sequence itself. It examines how DNA interacts with various proteins and modifiers, which play crucial roles in these processes. A major focus is on the advancements in DNA sequencing technologies. From the initial Sanger sequencing method, which was labor-intensive and time-consuming, to the highly efficient next-generation sequencing (NGS) and the latest single-molecule sequencing techniques, the review covers how these technologies have revolutionized genomics and personalized medicine. It also highlights the importance of computational genomics and bioinformatics, fields that deal with analyzing and interpreting the vast amounts of data generated by DNA sequencing. The review discusses DNA's crucial role in understanding human diseases. It covers DNA-based research in cancer, rare genetic disorders, infectious diseases, and pharmacogenomics (how genes affect a person's response to drugs). It emphasizes studies that have led to new ways of diagnosing and treating diseases. The article looks at the future of DNA research. It talks about emerging technologies like CRISPR-Cas9, a revolutionary gene-editing tool that allows scientists to modify DNA with high precision. Synthetic biology, an interdisciplinary field that combines biology and engineering for designing and constructing new biological parts and systems, is also discussed. Furthermore, DNA nanotechnology, which involves designing DNA molecules for technological uses, is explored. Finally, the review addresses ethical issues in DNA research, such as privacy concerns and debates over genome editing.

The availability of current land cover and land use (LCLU) information for monitoring the status of land resources has considerable value in ensuring sustainable land use planning. Similarly, the need to provide updated information on the extent of LCLU change in West Africa has become apparent, given the increasing demand for land resources driven by the rapid population growth in the sub-region. SERVIR West Africa, a regional consortium jointly supported by USAID and NASA to foster the use of geospatial and earth observation data and science for decision-making on critical environmental and food security challenges, in collaboration with the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), is building technical capacity in the sub-region to develop and implement harmonized regional land cover classification system for LULC change monitoring in West Africa, based on the Land Cover Meta Language (LCML-ISO 19144-2). This article focuses on the process, potential opportunities, outputs of this collaboration, exemplary use cases, and recommendations for the next steps.

Communicating about sex is important in generating positive perceptions about one’s sexual and romantic life. The last decade has provided insight into the theoretical applications on sex communication research. While the focus on extant research focuses on the psychological processes’ individuals employ to talk about sex, no theoretical framework exists that identifies key constructs that provides a parsimonious understanding about the communicative processes of sex and sexuality. This review sought to identified key constructs that are suitable to develop a sex talk theory. In the current project, we reviewed 24 studies including 8,698 participants (Mage = 24.98) that applied a theoretical framework to sex research. This review identified three salient constructs (e.g., disclosure, cognitive, and relational and behavioral) that are important for a sex talk theory. Last, this review indicated that scholarship should explain the relationships between the key constructs. We provided several recommendations that scholars should take when developing a theory in sex communication research.

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is the primary factor leading to vision impairment and blindness in diabetic people. Uncontrolled diabetes can damage the retinal blood vessels. Initial detection and prompt medical intervention are vital in preventing progressive vision impairment. Today's growing medical field poses more significant workload and diagnostic demands on medical professionals. In the proposed study, a convolutional neural network (CNN) is employed to detect the stages of DR. This research is crucial for studying DR because of its innovative methodology incorporating two different public datasets. This strategy enhances the model's capacity to generalize unseen DR images, as each dataset encompasses unique demographics and clinical circumstances. The network can learn and capture complicated hierarchical image features with asymmetric weights. Each image undergoes preprocessing using contrast-limited adaptive histogram equalization (CLAHE) and the discrete wavelet transform (DWT). The model is trained and validated using the combined datasets of Dataset for Diabetic Retinopathy (DDR) and the Asia Pacific Tele-Ophthalmology Society (APTOS). The CNN model is tuned with different learning rates and optimizers. The CNN model with Adam optimizer achieved 70% accuracy and an area under curve (AUC) score of 0.82. The recommended study results may reduce diabetes-related vision impairment by early DR severity identification.

Deep Learning (DL) oriented document processing is widely used in different fields for extraction, recognition, and classification processes from raw corpora of data. The article examines the application of deep learning approaches, based on different neural network methods, including Gated Recurrent Unit (GRU), Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM), and Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN). The compared models were combined with two different word embedding techniques, namely: Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers BERT and Gensim Word2Vec. The models are designed to evaluate the performance of architectures based on neural network techniques for the classification of CVs of Moroccan engineering students at ENSAK(National School of Applied Sciences of Kenitra, Ibn Tofail University). The used dataset included resumes collected from engineering students at ENSAK in 2023 for a project on the employability of Moroccan engineers in which new approaches were applied, especially machine learning, deep learning, and big data. Accordingly, 867 resumes were collected from five specialties of study (Electrical Engineering, Networks and Systems Telecommunications, Computer Engineering, Automotive Mechatronics Engineering, Industrial Engineering). The results revealed good performance of the proposed models based on the BERT embedding approach compared to models based on the Gensim Word2Vec embedding approach. Accordingly, the CNN-GRU/Bert model achieved slightly better accuracy with 0.9251 compared to other hybrid models.

Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused several cardiovascular complications, including acute myocardial infarction(AMI) in infected patients. Our study aims to understand the overall trends of AMI among COVID-19 patients during the first two years of the pandemic and the disparities and outcomes between the first and second years. Methods: Our retrospective analysis via the 2020 and 2021 National Inpatient Sample(NIS) for hospitalizations between April 2020 and December 2021 analyzed adults with a primary diagnosis of COVID-19 who experienced events of AMI. We compared month-to-month events of AMI and mortality of AMI patients with COVID-19, patient characteristics, and outcomes between the 2020 and 2021 AMI samples. Results: There were 2,541,992 COVID-19 patients, with 3.55% experiencing AMI. The highest rate of AMI was in December 2021 (4.35%). No statistical differences in trends of AMI mortality were noted over the 21 months. AMI cases in 2021 had higher odds of undergoing PCI (aOR 1.627, p

Abraham’s sending forth of Hagar and Ishmael in Gen 21:14 has generally been viewed as an expulsion. It is held that the primary, if not sole, purpose behind this act was to prevent Ishmael from interfering with Isaac’s inheritance. Using an intertextual approach, with an emphasis on key words, Sarah’s גרש (gāreš) demand and Abraham’s שלח (šellach) of Hagar is compared with the narratives of the children of Israel, Jesus, and Adam to uncover objectives as the bestowal of freedom and a mission. An examination of how the LXX translates, and Josephus explains, Sarah and Abraham’s “send-off” of Hagar suggests a mission objective behind their intentions. Abraham’s motivations are analyzed to ascertain whether Hagar’s “send-off” was part of a plan to expand the reach of Abraham and Sarah’s faith-based operations. Finally, linguistic analysis is undertaken to discover possible motives for why Sarah chose Hagar to have a son. These approaches to the biblical story bring into focus a portrait that is radically different from the standard interpretation where there are multiple objectives of Hagar and Ishmael’s being sent into the wilderness primary among them being expanding Abraham and Sarah’s faith-based mission.

Since the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, extensive drug repurposing efforts sought to identify small molecule antivirals with various mechanisms of action. Here we aim to review research progress on small molecule viral entry and fusion inhibitors that directly bind to the SARS CoV-2 Spike protein. Early in the pandemic, numerous small molecules were identified in drug repurposing screens and reported to be effective in vitro SARS CoV-2 viral entry or fusion inhibitors. However, given minimal experimental information regarding the exact location of small molecule binding sites on Spike, it was unclear what the specific mechanism of action was, or where the exact binding sites were on Spike for some inhibitor candidates. The work of countless researchers has yielded great progress, with the identification of many viral entry inhibitors that target elements on the S1 receptor binding domain (RBD) or N-terminal domain (NTD) and disrupt S1 receptor binding function. In this review, we will also focus on highlighting fusion inhibitors that target inhibition of the S2 fusion function, either by disrupting the formation of the postfusion S2 conformation or alternatively by stabilizing structural elements of the prefusion S2 conformation to prevent conformational changes associated with S2 function. We highlight experimentally validated binding sites on the S1/S2 interface and on the S2 subunit. While most mutations to the Spike protein to date in variants of concern (VOCs) have been localized to the S1 subunit, the S2 subunit sequence is more conserved with only a few observed mutations in proximity to S2 binding sites. Several recent small molecules targeting S2 have been shown to have robust activity over numerous recent VOC mutant strains and/or greater broad spectrum antiviral activity for other more distantly related coronaviruses.

We develop a renormalizable model of Quantum General Relativity (QGR). We do this by building on earlier work with quantum electrodynamics (QED). Working with the Feynman path integral (FPI) approach to QED, we generalize the paths from varying in space to varying in space and time. This gives the standard results plus dispersion in time of order attoseconds or left. Over longer times, the dispersion in time averages out, but at attosecond times it should be detectable with current technology. As an unexpected but welcome side-effect, the approach caused the usual loop integrals to be finite. Since the usual UV divergences are significantly harder to renormalize in QGR than in QED, and since using paths in time plus space is definitely more in keeping with the general spirit of GR, we here apply the same approach to QGR. We show that with an appropriate choice of gauge (trace-reversed de Donder gauge) we can extend the earlier results to include QGR. Sub-attosecond measurements of individual gravitons are not within our reach, but at least the ultraviolet divergences in QGR are contained in the same way. We have therefore a renormalizable model of QGR

The Jakarta LARP community, established in March 2020 and primarily active in Gelora Bung Karno, fosters inclusivity, diversity, and physical role-playing activities. It adheres to a policy of excluding ultra-nationalist ideologies and integrates new members despite language barriers. Bruhn (2011) defines this kind of community sharing the same goals, values, and lifestyles, while McMillan & Chavis (1986) outline four aspects of the sense of community.The research discovered that communities endure by utilizing solidarity built on the basis of their peculiarities. This study employed ethnographic methods alongside grounded research to identify the community's culture and their efforts to sustain and utilize it as community solidarity.

The effectiveness of combining strength-specific training with endurance training to enhance the performance of endurance runners remains uncertain. This study aimed to analyze effect of practising maximum-strength (MAX), explosive strength (EXP) or both combined (COMB) on seven runners’ performance-indicators: vertical jump (VJ), one-repetition-maximum-squat (1RM), peak-velocity/peak-running-speed (PV), lactate-threshold (over incremental-test-protocols, LT), middle-distance-time-trial (TT), maximum-oxygen-consumption (VO2max), running-economy (RE). Systematic-review (Scopus, Wed of Science, Sports Discuss, PubMed) with meta-analysis was conducted following PRISMA standards. Inclusion-criteria (PICOS) were: recreational or well-trained athletes aged 18-45 performing concurrent-training ≥five-week. Used search-terms were related to different types of strength/endurance, participants’ age, sport-modality. 20 manuscripts were selected, quality-assessed with PEDro. MAX training is more effective than EXP, COMB in improving VJ, 1RM, PV, while COMB is more effective than MAX, EXP to enhance TT. MAX is more effective than EXP in improving LT. Concurrent-workouts do not provide additional benefits to VO2max. It is unknown which strength-modality (MAX, EXP or COMB) is more effective in improving RE. Concurrent-training is more effective than single-mode-endurance-training for enhancing specific performance-variables in adult-endurance-runners. Middle-, long-distance-runners may consider incorporating MAX-training to target specific goals, e.g., improving VJ, 1RM, LT, PV while utilizing COMB-training to enhance TT. Certain variables may benefit from EXP. New randomized-controlled-trials are required to confirm these findings.

Measure While Drilling (MWD) refers to a comprehensive array of sensors employed to gather performance data throughout the process of rock drilling in mining blast holes. Multiple MWD metrics are collected by researchers depending on the setup of MWD sensors. Trends in MWD data can be correlated with pre-excavation subsurface conditions. The low-cost, extensive MWD data acquisition resolution of blast holes compared to expensive and sparsely collected exploration drill holes make the former one a desirable method for characterizing pre-excavation subsurface conditions. Nevertheless, the application of MWD technology in open pit mining is constrained by a substantial amount of data that requiring manual analysis within a short time. To address this limitation, computerized data acquisition and interpretation of MWD variables has been used to broadly determine open pit mining lithological boundaries. The results of artificial intelligence algorithms, such as Neural Networks, and Gaussian Processes, to recognize subsurface conditions, such as rock type, from MWD data have consistently returned &gt;90% prediction accuracy. However, methods of evaluating the importance of each MWD feature, such as Principal Component Analysis, has not been optimally used. This review focuses on the progression of intelligent MWD analysis using Machine Learning methods in open-pit mining, to determine the geotechnical, geological, and geochemical subsurface characteristics before open-pit mining excavation.

Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) are cells released from the primary tumor and intravasate into the blood or lymphatic vessels, where they are transported to distant sites and act as seeds that initiate cancer metastases. Recent advances in CTC research have shown their relevance as prognostic markers for early and metastatic disease detection, predictive biomarkers for relapse, and response to medical intervention or therapy. The rapidly evolving landscape of CTC biology has opened new avenues for understanding cancer progression, metastasis, and treatment response. Additionally, translating these findings into clinical applications holds promise for improving cancer diagnostics, prognosis, and personalized therapeutic strategies. This review discusses the significance of CTCs in cancer research and their associated challenges. We explore recent developments in the detection and characterization of CTCs and their implications in cancer research and clinical practice.

Amidst the challenges posed by the COVID-19 crisis, marked variations in individuals' resilience and vulnerability have emerged. This eight-month longitudinal study engaged 535 community adults (58% female, M_age = 43.97) to explore the nuanced aspects of coping and personal growth during the challenging period. Grounded in Self-Determination Theory, the research examines the influence of autonomy support from close others—manifested through active listening and providing choices—on psychological need satisfaction (i.e., autonomy, competence, and relatedness), integrative regulation of emotions; posttraumatic growth; and subjective well-being (positive affect and life satisfaction). Structural equation modeling revealed that, over time, the experience of psychological need satisfaction was intricately related to integrative regulation, posttraumatic growth, positive affect, and life satisfaction. Notably, the impact was partially mediated by autonomy support. These findings shed light on the pivotal role that autonomy supported relationships play in fostering personal growth and meaning making during life's difficult junctures. The study underscores the practical significance of purposeful support from close others and paves the way for future research endeavors.

Heavy metal accumulation in soils used for agricultural purposes is a major issue as it can affect the growth of plants and contain health risks as plants containing heavy metals are taken as food. This study provided the potential of three Bacillus pumilus strains (C-2PMW-8, C-1 SSK-8, and C-1PWK-7) for mitigation of the health factors related to heavy metals on lettuce (Lactuca sativa) grown in chromium contaminated soil from activities related to mining. Lettuce seeds inoculated with B. pumilus strains were grown in pots with garden soil amended with varying amount of chromite mine soil (2.27%, 4.65%, 7.14%). Growth indicators like days to germination, percentage of germination, leaf weight, leaf area and rate of survival decreased with incremental soil chromium levels but improved highly with inoculation of B. pumilus compared to uninoculated controls. When B. pumilus strains were provided, there was also a decreased level in the buildup of chromium in soil as well as lettuce shoots. The results explains that plant growth-promoting B. pumilus strains may be able to lower down the detrimental effects of chromium on lettuce development, hence increment in the effectiveness of phytoremediation.

In 2023, the Bureau of Land Management (BLM) estimated that there were 68,928 mustangs living on United States public lands in 10 western states. The agency uses Appropriate Management Levels to determine the number of mustangs who need to be removed from the land. Once removed and processed, mustangs are sent to adoptions or sales events or retained in short-or long-term holding facilities. Adoptions and sales are the leading avenues for rehoming mustangs; however, the number of horses the BLM can place fluctuates annually and never approaches the greater number removed from the range. To explore opportunities for increasing the number of mustang adoptions, we conducted in-depth interviews with 23 horse trainers located on the U.S. East Coast, asking about participants’ training programs, relationships with horses, perceptions of mustangs, and challenges that mustangs face in the dressage and eventing industries. Participants had varying experiences with mustangs; however, all were willing to work with a mustang in some capacity. Participants voiced the need for more satellite adoption locations on the East Coast to decrease barriers to acquiring a mustang, notably cost and time, and for expanding existing training programs to include eventing and dressage.

Digital twins are an emerging technology that could be harnessed for the digitalization of the industry. Steel industry systems contain a large number of electro-hydraulic components, as proportional valves. An input-output model for a novel water proportional cartridge valve is derived from physical modelling based on fluid mechanics, dynamics, and electrical principles. The valve is a two-stage valve with two 2/2-way water proportional valves as the pilot stage and a marginally stable poppet-type cartridge valve as the main valve. The orifice equation, which is based on Bernoulli principles, is approximated by a polynomial which makes parameter estimation easier and makes modelling possible without measuring pressure of the varying control volume situated in the pilot stage part of the valve. Data were collected when the valve was operating as a component in a closed-loop system as part of a press-mill machine in a steel manufacturing plant. Parameter estimation was made by convex optimization with physical constraints to overcome problems caused by poor system excitation. For comparison, a simple linear model was derived and the least squares method used for parameter estimation. A thorough estimation of the parameters relative errors is presented. The model contains 5 parameters related to the design parameters of the valve. The modelled position output is in good agreement with experimental data for training and test data. The model can be used for real time monitoring of the valve’s status by the model parameters. One of the model parameters varies linearly with production cycles. Thus, aging of the valve can be monitored.

Evaluation of structural behaviour of a masonry Venetian Church with pointed vault, is presented in this paper through an analysis following the neccessary steps of a monument study. Having a detailed geometric model and the material estimation, the finite element method was used in order the influence of specific structural parts of the structure like masonry butresses and walls connections to the structural behaviour are examined. The comparison of the eigenfrequencies which are estimated by in situ measurements and finite element modal analysis is used to model identification. The response spectrum analysis, the static analysis for subsidence of some parts and the transient analysis of a specific seismic excitation are used to evaluation of the church strength. Comparison of modal analysis results with the structural pathology is helpful to this research about the structural behaviour of the church.

A burgeoning body of scholarship identifies and discusses botanic gardens as increasingly important centres of biodiversity conservation and sustainability. Notwithstanding the high quality and richness of this literature, it encompasses relatively autonomous fields of expertise that are neither designed nor expected to promote cross-disciplinary, integrative, accounts of botanic gardens as institutions of conservation and sustainability. Bridging key aspects of the botanic garden literature, this article brings into conversation historical accounts with contemporary scholarship on the matter. In so doing, it unveils dilemmas and challenges faced by botanic gardens as they grapple with their historic legacies, but also renew their relevance in nurturing sustainable socio-environmental futures. The article proceeds by covering three focal points. First, it summarizes the scholarly literature on the history of botanic gardens. Second, it presents accounts of current scientific and biodiversity conservation endeavours as reflexive engagements with their historical legacies. Third, it addresses the recent emergence of socio-cultural missions at botanic gardens as a significant step beyond their historical focus on plants and plant ecosystems.

The result of the multidisciplinary collaboration of researchers from different areas of knowledge to validate a solar radiation model is presented. The MAPsol is a 3D local-scale adaptive solar radiation model that allows to estimate direct, diffuse and reflected irradiance for clear sky conditions. The model includes the adaptation of the mesh to complex orography and albedo, and considers the shadows cast by the terrain and buildings. The surface mesh generation is based on surface refinement, smoothing and parameterisation techniques and allows the generation of high quality adapted meshes with a reasonable number of elements. Another key aspect of the paper is the generation of a high-resolution digital elevation model (DEM). This high-resolution DEM is constructed from LiDAR data and its resolution if two times more accurate than the publicly available DEMs. The validation process uses direct and global solar irradiance data obtained from pyranometers at the University of Salamanca located in an urban area affected by systematic shading from nearby buildings. This work provides an efficient protocol for studying solar resources, with particular emphasis on areas of complex orography and dense buildings where shadows can potentially make solar energy production facilities less efficient.

Alcoholic liver disease (ALD) is a major cause of chronic liver disease. This term covers a broad spectrum of liver lesions, from simple steatosis to alcoholic hepatitis and cirrhosis. The patho-genesis of ALD is multifactorial and not fully elucidated due to complex mechanisms related to direct ethanol toxicity with subsequent hepatic and systemic inflammation. The accumulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines and the reduction of anti-inflammatory cytokines promote the development and progression of ALD. To date, there are no targeted therapies to counteract disease progression and prevent acute liver failure. Corticosteroids reduce mortality by acting on the hepatic-systemic inflammation. On the other hand, several studies analyzed the effect of the inhibition of pro-inflammatory cytokines and the stimulation of anti-inflammatory cytokines as potential therapeutic targets in ALD. This narrative review aims to clarify the role of the cy-tokines in the pathogenesis and treatment of ALD.