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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202312.1413.v1

Characterization of O26 Enteropathogenic E. coli and Its Impli-Cation for Vaccine Development

Thiago Jordão da Silva Lemos, Herbert Guimarães de Sousa Silva, José Osvaldo Previato, Lucia Mendonça-Previato, Elisangela Oliveira de Freita, Angela Silva Barbosa, Marcia Regina Franzolin, Luis Fernando dos Santos, Bruna de Sousa Melo, Geovana Ferreira dos Anjos, Renata Hiromi Nakagima Gonçalves, Marta de Oliveira Domingos

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Immunology And Microbiology Keywords: E. coli 1; polysaccharide O26 2; vaccine 3; enteropathogenic E. coli; EPEC; shiga toxin-producing E. coli; STEC; enterohemorrhagic E. coli; EHEC

Online: 19 December 2023 (07:55:19 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202402.0156.v1

Multi-drug Resistant Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase (ESBL)-Producing Escherichia coli in a Dairy Herd: Distribution and Antimicrobial Resistance Profiles

Martina Penati, Laura Musa, Laura Filippone Pavesi, Alessandro Guaraglia, Fernando Ulloa, Paolo Moroni, Renata Piccinini, M. Filippa Addis

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Animal Science, Veterinary Science And Zoology Keywords: antimicrobial resistance; biosecurity; dairy calves; ESBL E. coli; multi-drug resistant; waste milk

Online: 2 February 2024 (14:20:05 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202401.1093.v1

Engineered Chimera Protein Constructs to Facilitate the Production of Heterologous Transmembrane Proteins in E. coli

Adeyemi Ogunbowale, Elka R. Georgieva

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Biochemistry And Molecular Biology Keywords: E. coli expression host of heterologous transmembrane proteins; transmembrane protein fusion strategies; protein engineering; soluble transmembrane proteins

Online: 15 January 2024 (08:26:40 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202409.1397.v1

Extended-Spectrum Beta Lactamase-Producing E. Coli in Freshwater Lakes Along an Anthropogenic Impact Gradient

Aaron Bivins, Abhishek Srivastava, Anant Katara, Katherine Weise, Akanksha Singh Kachhawaha

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Public, Environmental And Occupational Health Keywords: antibiotic resistance; E. coli; ; extended-spectrum beta-lactamase; lakes; antimicrobial resistance; Tricycle Protocol; environmental surveillance; ESBL-Ec

Online: 18 September 2024 (11:16:02 CEST)

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The World Health Organization recently proposed the Tricycle Protocol for harmonized surveillance of extended-spectrum beta lactamase-producing E. coli (ESBL-Ec) as a proxy for AMR among humans, animals, and the environment. We implemented the Tricycle Protocol with ceftriaxone (CRO) to screen for ESBL-Ec using membrane filtration (TBX-CRO) and Colilert Quanti-Tray (CQT-CRO) workflows in parallel applied to water samples collected from four lakes. ESBL-Ec and E. coli abundance and prevalence, and ESBL-Ec to E. coli ratios were significantly higher in the two highly impacted lakes (receiving sewage treatment plant effluent, open defecation site adjacent to informal settlements) compared to less impacted lakes (wildlife sanctuary, recreational site). The cumulative burden of antibiotic compounds was also higher in the highly impacted lakes. Even in the “pristine” lake in a bird sanctuary, ESBL-Ec and an antibiotic compound were present. Overall, the CQT-CRO format yielded reasonable qualitative (K = 0.603) and quantitative agreement (intra-class correlation coefficient = 0.849) and linearity (r² = 0.785) with the TBX-CRO format adapted from the Tricycle Protocol. However, CQT-CRO doubled the prevalence of ESBL-Ec in settings with decreased E. coli abundance. Consistent with observations for other third-generation cephalosporins, CRO performed poorly for screening the ESBL phenotype. Further, confirmed ESBL-Ec isolates were not associated with an increased number of resistance phenotypes compared with non-ESBL isolates. Instead, the number of resistance phenotypes was associated with the lake from which the sample was collected. In high-burden settings, AMR surveillance efficiency could be increased by directly testing generic E. coli isolates for ESBL phenotype and antibiotic susceptibility. Our experience also suggests that sequencing ESBL-Ec will likely be required to determine epidemiologically appropriate risk mitigation strategies where ESBL-Ec are prevalent. Resource limitations could jeopardize the relevance of the Tricycle Protocol for changing the trajectory of AMR in high-burden low-resource settings globally.

Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202408.1429.v1

Antimicrobial Resistance in Diverse Escherichia coli Pathotypes from Nigeria

Kenneth Nnamdi Anueyiagu, Chibuzor Gerald Agu, Uzal Umar, Bruno Silvester Lopes

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Immunology And Microbiology Keywords: Escherichia coli; E. coli O157:H7; Shiga-toxins; antimicrobial resistance; STEC; Diarrheagenic E. Coli; blaCTX-M; ESBL

Online: 20 August 2024 (10:54:14 CEST)

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Working Paper REVIEW

Escherichia coli (E. coli) as an Indicator of Fecal Contamination in Water: A Review

Farhan Mohammad Khan

Subject: Engineering, Civil Engineering Keywords: escherichia coli; e. coli; indicator; fecal coliform bacteria; water; bacteriological analysis; fcb; classification

Online: 12 February 2020 (12:12:00 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202409.2245.v1

Optimizing Fermentation Strategies for Enhanced Tryptophan Production in Escherichia coli: Integrating Genetic and Environmental Controls for Industrial Applications

Miguel Angel Ramos-Valdovinos, Agustino Martínez-Antonio

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Biology And Biotechnology Keywords: Tryptophan; fermentation; metabolic engineering; biosynthesis; Escherichia coli

Online: 29 September 2024 (04:19:31 CEST)

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Preprint CASE REPORT | doi:10.20944/preprints202402.0438.v1

A Successful Approach in Diagnosing Shiga - Toxin Producing Escherichia coli -Induced Colitis

Violeta Melinte, Cristina Maria Văcăroiu, Adelina Maria Radu, Miriana Ioana Cismaru, Amalia Loredana Călinoiu, Adina Rusu, Anca Monica Oprescu Macovei, Mihai Ciocîrlan, Elena Cristina Tianu, Luminița Mîrzan, Daniela Elena Mihăilă, Ioana Veronica Trandafir, Claudia Sorina Bugeac Mitacu, Valeriu Gheorghiță

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Gastroenterology And Hepatology Keywords: STEC, bloody diarrhoea, ischemic colitis, E coli

Online: 7 February 2024 (11:54:06 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202401.1675.v1

Molecular Epidemiology and Antimicrobial Resistance in Uropathogenic Escherichia coli in Saudi Arabia

Mateq Ali Alreshidi

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Public Health And Health Services Keywords: UTI; Urinary tract infection; E. Coli; UPEC; .

Online: 23 January 2024 (10:02:45 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202108.0348.v1

Virulence factors of Enteric Pathogenic Escherichia coli: A Review

Babak Pakbin, Wolfram Manuel Bruck, John W. A. Rossen

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Immunology And Microbiology Keywords: Enteric pathogenic Escherichia coli; E. coli pathotypes; Virulence factor genes

Online: 17 August 2021 (08:16:59 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202311.1652.v1

Bacterial Community in Fresh Fruits and Vegetables Sold in Streets and Open-Air Markets of Dakar, Senegal

Sarbanding Sane, Sophie D. Tene, Abou Abadallah Malick Diouara, Seynabou Coundoul, Malick Mbengue, Yakhya Dieye

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Biology And Biotechnology Keywords: Food safety; Fresh fruits and vegetables; E. coli; Vibrio spp; Salmonella spp; metagenomic

Online: 27 November 2023 (11:11:22 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201804.0163.v1

Microfluidic Cultivation and Laser Tweezers Raman Spectroscopy of E. coli under Antibiotic Stress

Zdeněk Pilát, Silvie Bernatová, Jan Ježek, Johanna Kirchhoff, Astrid Tannert, Ute Neugebauer, Ota Samek, Pavel Zemánek

Subject: Physical Sciences, Optics And Photonics Keywords: Raman microspectroscopy; optical tweezers; optofluidics; E. coli; antibiotics

Online: 12 April 2018 (08:37:01 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202011.0454.v1

Molecular Epidemiology of Enteroaggregative Escherichia coli (EAEC) Isolates of Hospitalized Children from Bolivia Reveal High Heterogeneity and Multidrug-Resistance

Enrique Joffre, Volga Iñiguez

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Biochemistry And Molecular Biology Keywords: Enteroaggregative E. coli; infant diarrhea; genetic diversity; severity; multidrug-resistance E. coli; Bolivia

Online: 17 November 2020 (14:10:29 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202305.1186.v1

Molecular Characterization and Prevalence of Antimicrobial Resistant Escherichia coli Isolates Derived From Environmental Habitats

Chrysa Dioli, Olga Pappa, Eirini Siatravani, Spyridoula Bratakou, Apostolos Tatsiopoulos, Panagiota Giakkoupi, Vivi Miriagou, Apostolos Beloukas

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Epidemiology And Infectious Diseases Keywords: E. coli; environment; antibiotic resistance; antibiotic resistance genes

Online: 17 May 2023 (04:43:22 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202311.0846.v1

Bacterial Virus Forcing of Bacterial O-Antigen Shields: Lessons From Coliphages

Andrey V. Letarov

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Virology Keywords: bacteriophage; host range; O antigen; E. coli; bacteriophage adsorption

Online: 14 November 2023 (07:50:09 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202409.1855.v1

Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Uropathogenic Escherichia coli with Analysis of Impact of Socio-Economic Factors in Low, Medium and High-Income Countries

Meher Rizvi, Maria Khan, Amina AL Jardani, Ujjala Ghoshal, Zaaima AL Jabri, Mohammad Ahanjan, Azza AL Mamari, Nawal AL Shizawi, Hiba Sami, Abdullah Balkhair, Adila Shaukat, Alwarith Nasser Salem Alkharusi, Abdulrahman Almahrouqi, Afreenish Hassan, Ajay Kumar, Amal Malehi, Amina Gul, Ashima Singh, Asma Said Hamed AL Shidhani, Areena Hoda Siddiqui, Aruna Poojary, Azza AL Rashdi, Bradley Langford, Dmytro Stepanskyi, Abbas Dolatabadi, Aisha Al Mufraji AL Mufraji, Elham Said Ahmed AL Risi, Garima Kapoor, Isabella Princess, Hatim Ali Eltahir, Hilal Al Sidairi, Kaitlyn Dougherty, Katia Iskandar, Ken Masters, Ibrahim Khalaf Hamdan AL Busaidi, Laila AL Yazidi, Mahfuza Nasrin, Mahmood Salim AL Subhi, Mallika Sengupta Mallika Sengupta, Manisha Khandait, Nada Khalfan AL Tamtami, Nada Khafan Alsiyabi, Nawal AL Kindi, Nazla Musthafa Luthfee, Neha Shreshtha, Nihal Mohamed Amur AL Riyami, Noora Hilal Ali AL Busaidi, Nupur Goel, Oksana Ishchenko, Omnia Mohamed Elnabawy Ahmed Taher, Pragnya Paramita Jena, Rajni Ekadashi, Razan Zadjali, Reba Kanungo, Sara Abolghasemi, Salima Al-maqbali, Sanjay Jaju, Sayantan Banerjee, Shadma Yaqoob, Shahnaz Sali, Shafqat Husnain Khan, Shalini Malhotra, Stephen Hughes, Sundas Shaukat, Syed Mohammed Atif, Vrushali Vishwas Patwardhan, Victorien Dougnon, Wahid Khan, Walid Wali, Zakariya AL Muharrmi, Zeeshana Basit, Jasashree Choudhury, Rachita Pravalina, Sanjeev Singh, Sarman Singh, Neelam Taneja, Raman Sardana, Pawan Kapoor, Rajeev Soman, Rashid Al Abri

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Epidemiology And Infectious Diseases Keywords: community acquired UTI; Escherichia coli; antimicrobial susceptibility; Indian subcontinent; MENA; GDP; temperature

Online: 24 September 2024 (12:32:05 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202107.0405.v1

Occurrence of Shiga Toxin-Producing Escherichia coli Carrying Antimicrobial Resistance Genes in Sheep on Smallholdings in Bangladesh

Mukta Das Gupta, Arup Sen, Mishuk Shaha, Avijit Dutta, Ashutosh Das

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Biochemistry And Molecular Biology Keywords: Sheep; E. coli; shiga-toxin; antimicrobial resistance genes

Online: 19 July 2021 (11:12:01 CEST)

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Preprint COMMUNICATION | doi:10.20944/preprints202401.1639.v1

Exploring Hypericin as a Potential Modulator of Key Targets in Escherichia coli

Ivan Vito Ferrari

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Life Sciences Keywords: E. coli; Hypericin; Docking analysis; Mcule Server

Online: 23 January 2024 (06:45:09 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202308.2095.v1

Spread of Extended-Spectrum-β-Lactamase-Producing Pathogenic Escherichia coli Clonal Complex 10 in the Republic of Korea

Jungsun Park, Eunkyung Shin, Joohyun Han, Wooju Kang, Jaeil Yoo, Jung-sik Yoo, Dong-Hyun Roh, Junyoung Kim

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Other Keywords: ESBL; pathogenic E. coli; Clonal complex; CTX-M

Online: 31 August 2023 (02:43:12 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202409.1954.v1

Interaction between Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors and Cannabidiol in the Gut of Chickens Applied to Different Challenge Conditions

Dominika Szkopek, Marta Mendel, Misza Kinsner, Bartosz Fotschki, Jerzy Juśkiewicz, Krzysztof Kozłowski, Paulius Matusevičius, Paweł Konieczka

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Animal Science, Veterinary Science And Zoology Keywords: cannabidiol; proliferator-activated receptors; Clostridium perfringens; necrotic enteritis; colibacteriosis; E. coli LPS; gastrointestinal tract; broiler chickens

Online: 25 September 2024 (11:43:56 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202406.1226.v1

Digital PCR Validation for Characterization of Quantitative Reference Material of Escherichia coli O157:H7 Genomic DNA

Claudia Patricia Tere-Peña, Martha Nancy Calderon-Ozuna, John Emerson Leguizamón

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Biochemistry And Molecular Biology Keywords: E. coli O157:H7; Reference material; Method validation; digital PCR

Online: 18 June 2024 (11:03:54 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202404.0321.v1

How to Improve Surveillance Program for Shiga Toxin-Producing E. coli (STEC): Gap Analysis and Pilot Study

Valerio Massimo Sora, Francesca Zaghen, Alfonso Zecconi

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Public Health And Health Services Keywords: E. coli; STEC; epidemiology; surveillance; molecular biology; PCR; dairy; bovines.

Online: 3 April 2024 (16:33:33 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202306.1904.v1

Effectiveness of Bacteriophages Against Biofilm-forming Shiga-toxigenic Escherichia coli In-vitro and on Food-Contact Surfaces

Divya Jaroni, Pushpinder Kaur Litt, Punya Bule, Kaylee Marie Rumbaugh

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Food Science And Technology Keywords: Bacteriophages; Shiga-toxigenic E. coli; biocontrol; biofilms; food-contact surfaces

Online: 27 June 2023 (12:36:36 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201809.0003.v1

Selective Uropathogenic E. coli Detection using Crossed Surface Relief Gratings

Srijit Nair, Juan Gomez-Cruz, Angel Manjarrez-Hernandez, Gabriel Ascanio, Ribal Georges Sabat, Carlos Escobedo

Subject: Chemistry And Materials Science, Analytical Chemistry Keywords: surface plasmon resonance; urinary tract infection; surface relief gratings; crossed surface relief gratings; nano-plasmonics; biosensing; uropathogenic E. coli

Online: 1 September 2018 (17:29:04 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202311.1153.v1

Optimization of the Culture Conditions of Bacterial Strains (Escherichia coli LR0250096.1 and Pseudomonas aeruginosa CP031449.2) to Produce Lignin Peroxidase

Sindiswa Lungile Dube, Foluso Oluwagbemiga Osunsanmi, Albert Oluwafemi Ikhane, Rebamang Anthony Mosa, Andrew Rowland Opoku

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Immunology And Microbiology Keywords: Biodegradation; Lignin peroxidase; kraft lignin; E. coli, P. aeruginosa

Online: 17 November 2023 (12:38:41 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202305.0068.v1

Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase-Producing Escherichia coli Isolated From Children Under 5 Years With and Without Diarrhoea in Two Hospitals in Dschang, Cameroon

Lethicia Danaelle Mafo Kamga, Raspail Carrel Founou, Michel Noubom, Brice Davy Dimani, Jessica Ravanola Zemtsa, Patrice Landry Koudoum, Aurelia Djeumako Mbossi, Thibau Flaurant Tchouangueu, Diomede Noukeu, Luria Leslie Founou, Donatien Gatsing

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Immunology And Microbiology Keywords: ESBLs; CTX-M; E. coli; Children; Cameroon

Online: 2 May 2023 (07:37:53 CEST)

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Extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) mediating resistance in Enterobacterales is a global public health issue, especially in low-and middle-income countries (LMICs) such as Cameroon. ESBL-producing Enterobacterales reduce therapeutic options and lead to the use of last resort drugs such as carbapenems even in vulnerable populations like children under five years. This study aims at determining the phenotypic and genotypic characteristics of ESBL-producing Escherichia coli (ESBL-Ec) isolated from children under five years with and without diarrhoea in two health care facilities in Dschang. A cross-sectional study was conducted from 3 February to 19 May 2022 in two hospitals in the city of Dschang, Cameroon. Stool collected were cultured on Eosine Methylen Blue (EMB) medium. Enterosystem 18 R kit was used for bacterial identification. Evaluation of the resistance patterns and detection of ESBL production were performed with, the Kirby Bauer disk diffusion method and CHROMagar® ESBL medium, respectively. The genomic DNA of ESBL-Ec was extracted using the boiling method and subjected to conventional and multiplex PCRs for detection of blaSHV, blaCTX-M and blaTEM genes. Data were entered into ExcelTM 2016. Epi info and R software were used for statistical analyses with a p-value <0.05 considered statistically significant. Out of the 125 children enrolled, 67.2% (84/125) were colonized by E. coli. Among these, 57.14% (48/84) were colonized by ESBL-Ec. ESBL- Ec isolates showed high levels of resistance to amoxicillin-clavulanic acid (96.22%), cefotaxime (75.47%), ceftriaxone (73.58%), ofloxacin (67.92%), levofloxacin (56.6%) and ciprofloxacin (54.71%). Children aged between 1-3 years (47.62%, p=0.09) and those who had taken an antibiotic one week prior to collection (70.83%, p=0.04) had a higher prevalence of ESBL-Ec with statistical significance. The majority of ESBL-Ec isolates (52.83%; 28/53) were co-producers of blaCTX-M and blaTEM. Infection prevention and control measures coupled with antimicrobial stewardship strategies need to be strengthened to reduce emergence and dissemination of ESBL-Ec among this vulnerable population.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201901.0132.v1

Isolation and Characterisation of Bacteriophages with Lytic Activity Against Virulent Escherichia coli O157:H7: Potential Bio-Control Agents

Collins Njie Ateba, Muyiwa Ajoke Akindolire

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Immunology And Microbiology Keywords: Bacteriophages; Bio-control; E. coli O157:H7; Podoviridae; TEM, safety

Online: 14 January 2019 (11:18:57 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202409.1980.v1

Enhanced Outer Membrane Vesicle Production in Escherichia coli: from Metabolic Network Model to Designed Strain Lipidomic Profile

Héctor Alejandro Ruiz-Moreno, Juan Daniel Valderrama-Rincon, Monica Patricia Cala, Miguel Fernández-Niño, Andrés Fernando Gonzalez Barrios

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Biology And Biotechnology Keywords: Outer Membrane Vesicles; Lipidomics; CRISPR; Metabolic Network Models; E. coli JC8031

Online: 25 September 2024 (12:15:52 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202406.1715.v1

Comparative Secretory Efficiency of Two Chitosanase Signal Peptides from Bacillus subtilis in Escherichia coli

Tae-Yang Eom, Yehui Gang, Youngdeuk Lee, Yoon-Hyeok Kang, Eunyoung Jo, Svini Dileepa Marasinghe, Heung Sik Park, Gun-Hoo Park, Chulhong Oh

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Biochemistry And Molecular Biology Keywords: Keywords signal peptide; chitosanase; recombinant protein; expression; secretion; sec pathway; E. coli; Bacillus subtilis

Online: 25 June 2024 (05:00:28 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202311.1374.v1

A Potential Novel Probiotic Strain and its Comparative Antagonism Evaluation with a Multi-Strain Probiotic Combination along with an Innovative Approach for Quantifying the Viable Microbiota

Sheik Mohammad Jakaria Mujahidy, Kazuho Ikeo, Kei Saito, Dr. Abu Ali Ibn Sina, Md. Ekhlas Uddin

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Other Keywords: Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. indicus TY-11; TEM; anti-E. coli activity; 16S metagenomics

Online: 22 November 2023 (05:58:27 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202202.0309.v1

Concentrations of Ciprofloxacin in the World’s Rivers Are Associated With the Prevalence of Fluoroquinolone Resistance in E. coli: A Global Ecological Analysis

Chris Kenyon

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Medicine And Pharmacology Keywords: Rivers; one-health; E. coli; fluoroquinolones; antimicrobial resistance; AMR

Online: 24 February 2022 (10:03:48 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201804.0342.v1

Apoptosis and Necrosis on T47D Cells Induced by Shiga-Like Toxin from Local Isolates of Escherichia coli O157:H7

I Wayan Suardana, Komang Januartha Putra Pinatih, Dyah Ayu Widiasih

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Veterinary Medicine Keywords: apoptosis; breast cancer; E. coli O157:H7; necrosis; Shiga-like toxin

Online: 26 April 2018 (10:41:36 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202304.1106.v1

First Label-Free Carbohydrate-Based Electrochemical Sensor To Detect Escherichia coli Pathogenic Bacteria Using Affinity Between Adhesion FimH and Mannose on the Glassy Carbon Electrode

Sakineh Hargol Zadeha, Soheila Kashanian, Maryam Nazari

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Other Keywords: E. coli; Biosensor; D-Mannose; Gold Nanoparticle; eletrochemistry

Online: 28 April 2023 (04:29:01 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202405.0998.v1

Whole Genome Sequencing of Human and Porcine Escherichia coli Isolates on a Commercial Pig Farm in South Africa

Wilhelmina Strasheim, Michelle Lowe, Anthony M Smith, Eric MC Etter, Olga Perovic

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Animal Science, Veterinary Science And Zoology Keywords: Escherichia coli; pigs; close human contacts; One Health; antibiotic resistance; whole genome sequencing; virulence factors; core genome MLST and hierarchical clustering; sequence type complex 10; South Africa

Online: 15 May 2024 (04:32:27 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202311.0108.v1

Cobalt Iron Oxide-Conjugated Tin Oxide Nanocomposite for Antibacterial Activity against Multidrug-Resistant E. coli Isolated from Urinary Tract Infections

Md. Rabiul Islam Sazib, Md. khadimul Basher, Baharul Islam, M. Romance, Muhib Ullah Khan, Md. Shariful Islam, Muhammad Zobayer Bin Mukhlish, Md. Tamez Uddin, Md. Hakimul Haque

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Immunology And Microbiology Keywords: Antibacterial activity; SnO2-CoFe2O4 nanocomposite; Multidrug-resistant; E. coli; Urinary tract infections

Online: 2 November 2023 (08:11:00 CET)

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Urinary tract infections (UTIs) caused by pathogens, particularly E. coli, have spontaneously become resistant to antimicrobial drugs in recent years. Therefore, regular monitoring and alternative strategies for the antimicrobial agent are crucial for combating antimicrobial resistance and bacterial biofilms. Here, we report a new cobalt iron oxide-conjugated tin oxide nanocomposite that can kill bacteria and treat multidrug-resistant E. coli posing UTIs. Following the isolation and identification of E. coli, we tested 57/134 samples against sixteen commonly used antibiotics phenotypically using the disk diffusion method to determine their sensitivity pattern. Of the 57 E. coli isolates, 66% (38/57) were multidrug-resistant. The E. coli isolates were resistant to cephradine (70.17%), ceftriaxone (59.64%), and azithromycin (59.64%), followed by cefixime (54.38%), cefuroxime sodium (52.63%), and co-trimoxazole (50.87%). X-ray diffraction results showed the crystallite sizes were about 5.68 and 8.84 nm in pure SnO2 nanoparticles and 95% SnO2-5% CoFe2O4 nanocomposite, respectively. Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and Fourier transform infrared determined the fundamental structure of the nanocomposite, encompassing Co, Fe, Sn, and O. Moreover, FTIR measurements implied that the distinct functional groups in both SnO2 and CoFe2O4 nanoparticles existed in a 95% SnO2-5% CoFe2O4 nanocomposite. Field emission scanning electron microscope analysis uncovered that the SnO2-CoFe2O4 nanocomposite had a size of roughly 24 nm and was spherical. In addition, the biosynthesized SnO2 nanoparticles and SnO2-CoFe2O4 nanocomposite were evaluated for their antibacterial activity. At a minimum 100 µg/mL concentration, SnO2 nanoparticles and SnO2-CoFe2O4 nanocomposite showed high antibacterial activity. The SnO2 nanoparticles and SnO2-CoFe2O4 nanocomposite demonstrated antibacterial activity on multidrug-resistant E. coli at 10 ± 0.7 and 16 ± 0.8 mm zone of inhibition, respectively. In conclusion, the new SnO2-CoFe2O4 nanocomposite might be a potential candidate for treating UTIs caused by drug-resistant E. coli in the foreseeable future.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202108.0361.v1

Syndemics of Fluoroquinolone Resistance in N. gonorrhoeae, E. coli and K. pneumoniae: A Global Ecological Analysis

Chris Kenyon

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Pathology And Pathobiology Keywords: Neisseria gonorrhoeae; E. coli; K. pneumoniae; Acinetobacter; P. aeruginosa; fluoroquinolones; antimicrobial resistance; stewardship; antibiotic consumption; bystander selection

Online: 17 August 2021 (10:32:27 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202311.0724.v1

Phenotypic Detection of Carbapenemase and AmpC‐β‐Lactamase Production among Extended Spectrum β‐Lactamase (ESBL)‐Producing Escherichia coli and Klebsiella spp., Isolated from Clinical Specimens

Zakaria Garba, Berenger Kaboré, Isidore Bonkoungou, Magloire H. Natama, ROUMBA Toussaint, Kaisa Haukka, Juha P. Kirveskari, Halidou Tinto, Lassana Sangaré, Nicolas Barro, Anu Kantele

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Other Keywords: ESBL; carbapenemase; AmpC‐β‐lactamase; E. coli; Klebsiella spp; hospitals

Online: 10 November 2023 (14:42:40 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201904.0055.v1

Optimization of an Extended Microplate Assay for Generating Listeria monocytogenes, E. coli O157:H7, and Salmonella Biofilms and Enzymatic Recovery for Enumeration

Manish Aryal, Preetty Pranatharthiharan, Peter M. Muriana

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Immunology And Microbiology Keywords: biofilm; carboxyfluorescein diacetate; Listeria monocytogenes; Salmonella; E. coli O157:H7; microplate assay

Online: 4 April 2019 (12:45:18 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201901.0139.v1

Evaluation of Antimicrobial Interventions against E. coli O157:H7 on the Surface of Raw Beef to Reduce Bacterial Translocation During Blade Tenderization

Peter Muriana, Jackie Eager, Brent Wellings, Brad Morgan, Jacob Nelson, Kalpana Kushwaha

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Immunology And Microbiology Keywords: E. coli O157:H7; non-intact beef; mechanical tenderization; blade tenderization; antimicrobial interventions; translocation

Online: 14 January 2019 (12:15:28 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201810.0631.v1

Detection of Nonspecific Binding of E. coli O157:H7 on Reduced Graphene Oxide Screen-Printed Carbon Electrodes Using Electrochemical Methods

Nur Alya Batrisya Ismail, Nasteho Ali Ahmed, Firdaus Abd-Wahab, Nurul Izzati Ramli, Wan Wardatul Amani Wan Salim

Subject: Chemistry And Materials Science, Electrochemistry Keywords: E. coli O157:H7; IgG; nonspecific binding; reduced graphene oxide; linear sweep voltammetry; electrical impedance spectroscopy

Online: 26 October 2018 (12:02:15 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202002.0463.v1

Clonal Structure, Virulence Factor-Encoding Genes and Antibiotic Resistance of Escherichia coli Causing Urinary Tract Infections and Other Extraintestinal Infections in Humans in Spain and France During 2016

Saskia-Camille Flament-Simon, Marie-Hélène Nicolas-Chanoine, Vanesa García, Marion Duprilot, Noémie Mayer, María Pilar Alonso, Isidro García-Meniño, Jesús Eulogio Blanco, Miguel Blanco, Jorge Blanco

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Immunology And Microbiology Keywords: E. coli; clonal structure; ST88; ST141; ST131; ST1193; virulence genes; resistance

Online: 29 February 2020 (10:25:09 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201708.0096.v1

The Extracellular Domain of Human High Affinity Copper Transporter (hNdCTR1), Synthesized by E. coli Cells, Chelates Silver and Copper Ions in Vivo

Tatiana P. Sankova, Iurii A. Orlov, Andrey N. Saveliev, Demid A. Kirilenko, Polina S. Babich, Pavel N. Brunkov, Ludmila V. Puchkova

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Biology And Biotechnology Keywords: CTR1 metal-binding extracellular domain cloning; copper/silver chelation; E. coli filamentous growth; secondary silver nanoparticles formation

Online: 27 August 2017 (11:56:08 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202408.2122.v1

Essential Oils as an Antifungal Alternative to Control Cladosporium spp., Lasiodiplodia spp., Colletotrichum spp., Fusarium spp. and Aspergillus spp. Isolated of Musa paradisiaca

Ruiz-Medina Maritza D., Jenny Ruales

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Agricultural Science And Agronomy Keywords: Origanum vulgare; Salvia rosmarinus; Syzygium aromaticum; Thymus; Ocimum basilicum; Cinnamomum

Online: 29 August 2024 (08:28:50 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202301.0036.v3

Genome Analysis of Three Bacteriophages Targeting Multi Drug Resistant Clinical Isolate of E. coli, Host Receptor Prediction Using Machine Learning Tools and the Evaluation of Monophages and Cocktail In Vitro and In Vivo

Niranjana Sri Sundaramoorthy, Vineetha KU, Veena Nair, Kavi Bharathi, Jean Sophy Roy JBB, Malarvizhi R, Sneha Srikanth, Santhosh Kumar S, Prakash Sankaran, Suma Mohan, Saisubramanian Nagarajan

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Immunology And Microbiology Keywords: Bacteriophage; colistin resistance; E. coli; Schitoviridae; zebrafish; Machine learning; Host receptor Prediction

Online: 10 July 2023 (08:28:28 CEST)

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The objective of the present study is to isolate phages targeting multidrug resistant (MDR), extended spectrum beta lactamase (ESBL) positive clinical isolate of E. coli ( U1007), sequence and analyze the phage genome and use machine learning tools to predict host cell surface receptor and finally evaluate the efficiency of monophage and phage cocktail in vitro and in vivo in a zebrafish model. Phage specific for E. coli U1007 was isolated from Ganges River (designated as U1G), Cuoom River (designated as CR) and Hospital waste water (designated as M phage). The obtained phages were triple purified and enriched. U1G phages had a greater burst size of 124 PFU/cell and a latent time of 25 min.M phage had a burst size of 150 PFU/cell with a shortlatent time of 20min. Similarly CR phage has a short latent 20 min and a burst size of 115 PFU/cell. Based on capsid architecture, U1G phage resembles Podoviridae, CR phage is structurally similar to Myoviridae and M phage has morphology that resembles Siphoviridae. Genome sequencing and analysis revealed that the size of the U1G phage genome is 73275 bp Whereas that of CR phage and M phage are 45236 bp and 45294 bp, respectively. All three genomes were marked by the absence of genes encoding tRNA sequence, antibiotic resistant or virulent genes. A machine learning (ML) based multi-class classification model using algorithms such as Random Forest, Logistic Regression, and Decision Tree were employed to predict the host receptor targeted by all 3 phages and the best performing algorithm Random Forest predicted LPS O antigen , LamB or OmpC for U1G FhuA, OmpC for CR phage and FhuA, LamB, TonB or OmpF for the M phage as the host receptor targeted by the receptor binding protein (RBP) of the phages. In vitro time kill assay showed that treatment with monophages alone and along with colistin resulted in regrowth whereas phage combinations significantly reduced the regrowth and by 24h the phage cocktail along with colistin produced a significant 3 log declinein cell counts relative to the untreated control. In vivo intramuscular infection study in zebrafish showed that phages were non toxic and a cocktail of dual (U1G +M) phage along with colsitin resulted in a significant 3.5 log decline in cell counts whereas triple phage combination along with colistin resulted in 3 log decline in cell counts probably due to host receptor competition. Our study highlights the potential of phage cocktail therapy in mitigating MDR clinical isolate of E. coli in vitro and in vivo.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202407.0534.v1

Using Acanthamoeba spp. as a Cell Model to Evaluate Leishmania Infections

Helena Santos, Gabriella Linhares, Rhagner Bonono do Reis, Igor Cardoso, Claudia Masini d'Avila, Vitor Ennes Vidal

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Parasitology Keywords: Acanthamoeba castellanii, Acanthamoeba polyphaga, Leishmania, interaction host-parasite

Online: 5 July 2024 (12:20:28 CEST)

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Leishmaniasis represents a severe global health problem. In the last decades, there have been significant challenges in controlling this disease due to the unavailability of licensed vaccines, the high toxicity of the available drugs, and an unrestrained surge of drug-resistant parasites, and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)–Leishmania co-infections. Leishmania spp. preferentially invade macrophage lineage cells of vertebrates for replication after subverting cellular functions of humans and other mammals. These early events in host–parasite interactions are likely to influence the future course of the disease. Thus, there is a continuing need to discover a simple cellular model that reproduces the in vivo pathogenesis. Acanthamoeba spp. are non-mammalian phagocytic amoeba with remarkable similarity to the cellular and functional aspects of macrophages. We aimed to assess whether the similarity reported between macrophages and Acanthamoeba spp. is sufficient to reproduce the infectivity of Leishmania spp. Herein, we analyzed co-cultures of Acanthamoeba castellanii or Acanthamoeba polyphaga with Leishmania infantum, Leishmania amazonensis, Leishmania major, and Leishmania braziliensis. Light and fluorescence microscopy revealed that the flagellated promastigotes attach to the A. castellanii and/or A. polyphaga in a bipolar and or random manner, which initiates their uptake via pseudopods. Once inside the cells, the promastigotes undergo significant changes, which result in the obligatory amastigote-like intracellular form. There was a productive infection with a continuous increase in intracellular parasites. However, we frequently observed intracellular amastigotes in vacuoles, phagolysosomes, and the cytosol of Acanthamoeba spp. Our findings corroborate that Leishmania spp. infects Acanthamoeba spp. and replicates in them but does not cause their rapid degeneration or lysis. Overall, the evidence presented here confirms that Acanthamoeba spp. have all prerequisites and can help elucidate how Leishmania spp. infect mammalian cells. Future work exposing the mechanisms of these interactions should yield novel insights into how these pathogens exploit amoebae.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202401.2052.v1

The Info-Geometric Analysis of Wind Speed Dynamics and How Energy Is Influentially Impacted by Information Geometry (IG)

Dr Ismail A Mageed

Subject: Computer Science And Mathematics, Applied Mathematics Keywords: Wind Speed Manifold (WSM), IG,GeodesicEquations (GEs)

Online: 30 January 2024 (08:40:24 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202405.0730.v1

Cloning and Mutagenesis of ampC Encoding for β–lactamase in Pseudomonas aeruginosa to Identify Potential Allosteric Binding Sites on β–Lactamase

Shriya Bhat

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Immunology And Microbiology Keywords: Pseudomonas aeruginos; &beta; – lactamase; ampC

Online: 12 May 2024 (07:44:30 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202404.0922.v1

Mortality of Boreal Trees

Petri P. Kärenlampi

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Forestry Keywords: Picea abies; Pinus sylvestris; Betula pendula; Betula pubescens; logistic regression

Online: 15 April 2024 (10:19:42 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202402.1026.v1

Acinetobacter baumannii, a Multidrug-Resistant Opportunistic Pathogen in New Habitats: A Systematic Review

Omar E. Ahuatzin-Flores, Eduardo Torres, Edith Chávez-Bravo

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Medicine And Pharmacology Keywords: Acinetobacter baumannii; multi-resistance; natural habitats; reservoirs

Online: 19 February 2024 (08:19:03 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202403.0023.v1

Co-occurrence of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato and Babesia spp. DNA in Ixodes ricinus Ticks Collected from Vegetation and Pets in the City of Poznań, Poland

Justyna Liberska, Jerzy Michalik, Julia Olechnowicz, Miroslawa Dabert

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Parasitology Keywords: Ixodes ricinus; Borrelia burgdorferi s.l.; Babesia microti; Babesia venatorum; Babesia canis; Borrelia miyamotoi; coinfections, babesiosis, urban green areas

Online: 1 March 2024 (05:42:09 CET)

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Green spaces localized in cities create favourable environmental conditions for Ixodes ricinus, the most widespread and important vector of tick-borne pathogens in Central Europe. In this study, we described the prevalence of Borrelia burgdorferi s.l. and Babesia species found in mono- and double infections among I. ricinus ticks occurring in urban areas of the city of Poznań, west-central Poland. Two tick groups were examined: (i) a group of 1,029 host-seeking ticks (460 nymphs, 289 females, and 280 males and (ii) a group of 1,268 engorged female ticks removed from 1,115 tick-infested animals, dogs and cats. The overall prevalence of B. burgdorferi s.l. found in host-seeking ticks was almost two-fold higher in comparison to ticks derived from pets (8.7 vs. 4.7%, respectively, χ2 test, P = 0.001). Borrelia afzelii and B. garinii were the most prevalent species both in ticks from vegetation (3.7% and 3.7%, respectively) and from pets (3.7% and 0.6%, respectively). Babesia infections were slightly more common in feeding ticks compared to those from vegetation (6.0 vs. 4.7%, respectively), however, the difference was not significant. Three Babesia species including Ba. microti, Ba. venatorum and Ba. canis were identified. Babesia canis and Ba. microti were the most prevalent in host-seeking (2.6% and 1.4%, respectively) and feeding ticks (2.8% and 2.2%, respectively), whereas Ba. venatorum was the rarest piroplasm. All Ba microti obtained sequences (n=42) were identical to Ba. microti genotype "Jena/Germany" that is considered as pathogenic to humans. Furthermore, the sequences of Ba. venatorum (n=17) were identical with those isolated from patients in Italy, Austria and Poland. Altogether, out of 121 Babesia-positive ticks, 19.8% were simultaneously infected with B. burgdorferi s.l. spirochetes. We found similar prevalences of co-infections in host-seeking (1.1%) as well as in feeding ticks (1.0%). In the first group, Ba. canis prevailed in coinfections (73%), mostly with B. afzelii and B. garinii, in the second group, Babesia microti dominated with B. afzelii (92.7%). This is the first finding documenting the co-occurrence of both pathogens in ticks from companion animals. The detection of Ba. microti and Ba. venatorum sequences identical to strains pathogenic to humans as well as predominance of LB spirochetes, B. afzelii and B. garinii in I. ricinus from vegetation and animals indicates that there is a potential risk of acquiring human babesiosis and/or Lyme borreliosis in urban areas of the city of Poznań. Although, the overall risk of encountering a Ba. microti and B. burgdorferi s.l. co-infected tick was low (1.0%), the potential for more severe clinical symptoms and complications deserves notice. A relatively high infection rates of Ba. canis in dog-derived ticks (3.2%) and in host-seeking ticks (2.6%), suggests that I. ricinus could potentially be involved in the circulation of this piroplasm in areas, where the competent vector, Dermacentor reticulatus is absent or rare.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202407.2622.v1

Olfactory Selection Preferences of Pagiophloeus tsushimanus Adults toward Lauraceae Plants

Cong Chen, Shou Yin Li, Zhao Yan Lin, Qian Hua Ji, De Jun Hao

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Insect Science Keywords: Pagiophloeus tsushimanus; Cinnamomum camphora; Cinnamomum chekiangensis; Phoebe chekiangensis; host selection; olfaction

Online: 2 August 2024 (11:37:49 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202401.1277.v1

Antibiotic Resistance Pattern in Intensive Care Unit Patients of Bangladesh

Md. Tahsin Salam, Kaniz Fatema Bari, Dewan Muhammad Mahmudul Gafur, Md. Omar Faruk, Khurshida Akter, Tanim Ahmed shaikat, Ashik Chandra Das, Mr Tofayel, Mahmudul Hasan Mithun, Atiqur Rahman Sunny

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Life Sciences Keywords: Resistance to antibiotics; ICU; Pneumonia.; Diabetes; Infection; Bangladesh

Online: 17 January 2024 (08:26:15 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202311.1468.v1

Grapevine Trunk Diseases in Greece: Disease Incidence and Fungi Involved in Discrete Geographical Zones and Varieties

Stefanos I. Testempasis, Emmanouil A. Markakis, Georgia I. Tavlaki, Stefanos K. Soultatos, Christos Tsoukas, Danai Gkizi, Aliki K. Tzima, Epameinondas Paplomatas, Georgios S. Karaoglanidis

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Agricultural Science And Agronomy Keywords: Kalmusia variispora; Neosetophoma italica; Paraconiothyrium variabile; Seimatosporium vitis; meteorological conditions; wood inhabitant

Online: 23 November 2023 (05:42:59 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202312.0771.v1

Predicting Autonomous Driving Behavior through Human Factor Considerations in Safety-Critical Events

Jamal Raiyn, Galia Weidl

Subject: Engineering, Transportation Science And Technology Keywords: car– following; non-monotonic logic; driving behavior; naturalistic driving studies;
safety-critical events; cognitive vehicles

Online: 12 December 2023 (04:16:31 CET)

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This research explores the predictive capabilities of autonomous driving systems by integrating human factor considerations within the context of safety-critical events. Recognizing the significance of human behaviors in influencing driving dynamics, the study employs advanced modeling techniques to enhance the accuracy of predictions in scenarios that demand heightened safety measures. Traditional rule-based systems and monotonic logic often fall short in addressing the complexities of safety-critical events. To overcome these limitations, the research proposes the application of non-monotonic logic, allowing for flexible and adaptive reasoning that accommodates exceptions and context-specific information.The study emphasizes the importance of incorporating individual differences among drivers, such as risk-taking tendencies, reaction times, decision-making processes, and driving styles. By considering these human factors, the research aims to develop realistic and accurate autonomous driving models that capture the nuances of real-world driving scenarios, especially in safety-critical situations. The predictive model takes into account both internal and external factors, enabling the autonomous system to anticipate and respond effectively to unforeseen events.The primary goal is to provide autonomous vehicles with the capability to make plausible inferences, handle conflicting data, and adapt their behavior in real-time during safety-critical events. The proposed model integrates personalized cognitive agents for each driver, incorporating their unique preferences, characteristics, and needs. This personalized approach aims to optimize the safety and efficiency of autonomous driving, contributing to the ongoing evolution of intelligent transportation systems.In conclusion, this research contributes to advancing the field of autonomous driving by introducing a predictive model that leverages human factor considerations to enhance safety in safety-critical events. The incorporation of non-monotonic logic and individualized cognitive agents signifies a comprehensive approach to address the challenges associated with predicting autonomous driving behavior, paving the way for safer and more reliable autonomous vehicles in dynamic and unpredictable environments.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202402.1092.v1

Characteristics of Capnocytophaga canimorsus and Capnocytophaga cynodegmi in the Dog Population

Zuzanna Czekaj, Malgorzata Dorota Klimowicz-Bodys, Magdalena Karwanska, Magdalena Siedlecka, Krzysztof Rypula

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Animal Science, Veterinary Science And Zoology Keywords: Capnocytophaga canimorsus; Capnocytophaga cynodegmi; Capnocytophaga spp.; dog; molecular diagnostic

Online: 20 February 2024 (08:51:15 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202402.0222.v1

Frankincense (Boswellia serrata) Extract Effects on the Growth, Biofilm Formation, and Intracellular Infection of Porphyromonas gingivalis and Fusobacterium nucleatum in Human Gingival Epithelial Cells

David Vang, Aline Cristina de Abreu Moreira-Souza, Nicholas Zusman, German Moncada, Harmony Matshik Dakafay, Homayon Asadi, David M. Ojcius, Cassio Luiz Coutinho Almeida-da-Silva

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Immunology And Microbiology Keywords: Porphyromonas gingivalis; Fusobacterium nucleatum; Boswellia serrata; biofilm; epithelial cells

Online: 5 February 2024 (05:37:41 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202311.1304.v1

Alternaria alternata and A.koreana, the Causal Agent of a New Leaf Spot in Celtis sinensis and Their Sensitivity to Fungicides

Qiuqin Wang, Xiu-Yu Zhang, Yu Wan, Yin-Juan Zhao

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Other Keywords: Celtis sinensis; Alternaria alternata; Alternaria koreana; fungi; identification; fungicides

Online: 21 November 2023 (09:39:54 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202402.1122.v1

How Satellite Imaging and Deep Learning Are Influenced by Tensor Decompositions: A Review

Ismail A. Mageed

Subject: Computer Science And Mathematics, Applied Mathematics Keywords: Tensor Decompositions (TDs); Satellite Imaging (SI); Deep Learning (DL); Tensor Train Networks (TTNs); Tucker decomposition (TUD); canonical polyadic decomposition (CPD); polyadic decomposition (PD); Roll, Pitch, and Yaw (RPY)

Online: 20 February 2024 (09:08:09 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202408.1280.v1

Effects of Three Yeast Strains on In Vitro Rumen Fermentation of Corn Stover and a Total Mixed Ration

Bexy Gonzalez-Mora, Francisco Castillo-Rangel, Joel Dominguez-Viveros, Perla Lucia Ordoñez-Baquera, Michael E. Hume, Robin C. Anderson, Monserrath Félix-Portillo, Agustin Corral-Luna, Jaime Salinas-Chavira, Yamicela Castillo-Castillo, Oscar Ruiz-Barrera

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Animal Science, Veterinary Science And Zoology Keywords: microbial feed additives; probiotic; Candida norvegensis; Pichia guilliermondii; Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Online: 19 August 2024 (05:49:25 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202407.1685.v1

Nutritive Value and Degradation Kinetic Parameters of Three Plants for Feeding Bradypus variegatus Schinz

Igor Luiz Carvalho Máximo, Júlio Cézar dos Santos Nascimento, Gilcifran Prestes de Andrade, José Lypson Pinto Simões Izidro, Priscilla Virgínio de Albuquerque, Daniel Bezerra do Nascimento, Janerson José Coêlho, Marleyne José Afonso Accioly Lins Amorim, Alexandre Carneiro Leão de Mello, Romero Marcos Pedrosa Brandão Costa, Carlos Bôa-Viagem Rabello, Maria do Carmo Mohaupt Marques Ludke, Apolônio Gomes Ribeiro, Ricardo Alexandre Silva Pessoa

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Animal Science, Veterinary Science And Zoology Keywords: bradypodidae; chemical composition; Inga sp.; in vitro kinetics; Pterodon sp.

Online: 22 July 2024 (07:16:58 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202405.0152.v1

Effects of Sand Burial Depth on Bivalve Species Predation by the Invasive Blue Crab, Callinectes sapidus

Patricia Prado, Ignasi Gairin, Silvia Falco

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Aquatic Science Keywords: Ruditapes spp.; Cerastoderma glaucum; Ensis siliqua; predation escape; Ebro Delta

Online: 3 May 2024 (07:20:17 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202312.0529.v1

Detection of Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase (ESBL) Producing Enterobacteriaceae from Diseased Broiler Chickens in Lusaka District, Zambia

Chikwanda Chileshe, Misheck Shawa, Nelson Phiri, Joseph Ndebe, Sipho Khumalo, Chie Nakajima, Kajihara Masahiro, Hideaki Higasi, Hirofumi Sawa, Yasuhiko Suzuki, Walter Muleya, Bernard Hang'ombe

Subject: Public Health And Healthcare, Public Health And Health Services Keywords: Enterobacteriaceae, bla_CTX-M, bla_TEM

Online: 7 December 2023 (13:52:04 CET)

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: Poultry products in Zambia form an integral part of the human diet in many households, as they are cheap and easy to produce. The burden of poultry diseases has, however, remained a major challenge. Growing consumer demand for poultry products in Zambia has resulted in non-prudent antimicrobial use on farms, intending to prevent and treat poultry diseases for growth optimization and maximising profits. This cross-sectional study aimed to identify the different types of bacteria causing diseases in chickens in Lusaka and to detect the extended-spectrum-lactamase (ESBL)-encoding genes. We collected 215 samples from 91 diseased chickens at three post-mortem facilities and screened them for gram-negative bacteria. Of these samples, 103 tested positive for various clinically relevant Enterobacteriaceae, including Enterobacter (43/103, 41.7%), Escherichia coli (20/103, 19.4%), Salmonella (10/103, 9.7%), and Shigella (8/103, 7.8%). Other isolated bacteria included Yersinia, Morganella, Proteus, and Klebsiella, which accounted for 21.4%. E. coli, Enterobacter, Salmonella, and Shigella were subjected to antimicrobial susceptibility testing. The results revealed that E. coli, Enterobacter, and shigella were highly resistant to tetracycline, ampicillin, amoxicillin, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, while Salmonella showed complete susceptibility to all antibiotics. The observed resistance patterns correlated with antimicrobial usage estimated from sales data from a large-scale wholesale and retail company. Six (6/14, 42.9%) E. coli isolates tested positive for bla_CTX-M, whilst eight (8/14, 57.1%) Enterobacter samples tested positive for bla_TEM. Interestingly, four (4/6, 66.7%) of the E. coli isolates carrying bla_CTX-M-positive strains were also positive for bla_TEM. Sanger sequencing of the PCR products revealed that five (5/6,83.3%) of the abovementioned isolates possessed the bla_CTX-M-15 allele. The results suggest the presence of potentially pathogenic ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae in poultry, threatening public health. Keywords:. Enterobacteriaceae, bla_CTX-M, bla_TEM

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202405.1831.v1

Crude Extracts from Lippia adoensis (Hochst.) Inhibit the Growth of Plasmodium, Leishmania and Trypanosoma Parasites

Eugenie Aimée Madiesse Kemgne, Mariscal Brice Tchatat Tali, Darline Dize, Cyrille Armel Njanpa Ngansop, Boniface Pone Kamdem, Fabrice Fekam Boyom

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Pharmacology And Toxicology Keywords: Lippia adoensis; Plasmodium falciparum; Leishmania donovani; Trypanosoma brucei; molecular networking; LC-MS analysis

Online: 28 May 2024 (11:28:34 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202109.0197.v1

Positive Association between the Use of Quinolones in Food Animals and the Prevalence of Fluoroquinolone Resistance in E. Coli and K. Pneumoniae, A. Baumanii and P. Aeruginosa: A Global Ecological Analysis

Chris Kenyon

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Medicine And Pharmacology Keywords: One-health; food-animals; E. coli; K. pneumoniae; Acinetobacter; P. aeruginosa; fluoroquinolones; antimicrobial resistance; antibiotic consumption

Online: 13 September 2021 (09:55:56 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202310.1928.v2

Association of a Global Invasive Pest Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) with the Local Parasitoids: Prospects for a New Approach in Biological Control

Ihsan Nurkomar, Ichsan Luqmana Indra Putra, Damayanti Buchori, Fajar Setiawan

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Insect Science Keywords: Brachymeria; Eupelmus; host-parasite interaction; local adaptation; Platygasteridae; Telenomus remus; Stenobracon

Online: 30 January 2024 (04:59:24 CET)

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Spodopotera frugiperda is a worldwide invasive pest that has caused major economic damage. According to classical biological control theory, natural enemies that can control invasive pests come from the area of origin as the pests that have gone through coadaptation processes. However, the new association’s approach suggests that local natural enemies are equally capable to control invasive pests. Due to the lack of data on the association of S. frugiperda and local natural enemies, research was conducted through a rapid survey to study the population density of S. frugiperda in Yogyakarta, Indonesia and to study the diversity of parasitoid associated with S. frugiperda. The results showed the difference in S. frugiperda population and parasitism rate, with 15 parasitoid species associated with S. frugiperda. Four egg parasitoids, eight larval parasitoids, and three pupal parasitoids were found to be associated with S. frugiperda for three years after it was first discovered in Indonesia. A new association was found between S. frugiperda and three parasitoid species, consisting of two egg parasitoids (Platygasteridaesp.01 and Platygasteridaesp.02) and a larval parasitoid (Eupelmidaesp.01). A relatively new association was found between S. frugiperda and two larval parasitoids (Coccygidium sp. and Stenobracon sp.), and an existing association was found between seven species including an egg parasitoid Telenomus remus, three larval parasitoids (Cotesia sp., Microplitis sp., Campoletis sp.), and three pupal parasitoids (Brachymeria lasus, B. femorata, and Charops sp.). Telenomus remus is the most dominant parasitoid, with a higher abundance and parasitism rate. This study also reported the first findings of the association of S. frugiperda with the larval parasitoid Megaselia scalaris in Indonesia. The result suggests another method for biological control using the new association approach since local natural enemies can foster quick adaptation to invasive pests.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202409.1066.v1

Nitrogen Assimilation, Biomass and Yield in Response to Application of Algal Extracts, Rhizobium sp. and Trichoderma asperellum, as Biofertilizers in Hybrid Maize

Sandra Pérez-Álvarez, Erick H. Ochoa-Chaparro, Julio César Anchondo-Páez, César M. Escobedo-Bonilla, Joel Rascón-Solano, Marco A. Magallanes-Tapia, Luisa Patricia Uranga-Valencia, Reinier Hernández-Campos, Esteban Sánchez

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Agricultural Science And Agronomy Keywords: algal extracts; biofertilizers; nitrogen assimilation; Rhizobium sp.; Trichoderma asperellum; Zea mays L.

Online: 13 September 2024 (08:46:08 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202407.0670.v1

A Multifaceted Exploration of the Biological Properties of Three Amazonian Fruit Seeds

Claudia Cristina Pérez Jaramillo, Jonh Jairo Méndez Arteaga, Liceth N. Cuéllar Álvarez, Walter Murillo Arango

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Biology And Biotechnology Keywords: Eugenia stipitata; Euterpe oleracea; Plukenetia volubilis; non-communicable diseases; bioactive compounds; byproducts

Online: 9 July 2024 (07:45:57 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202409.1671.v1

Combination Therapy for Multi-Drug-Resistant Mycoplasma genitalium

Chris Kenyon

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Internal Medicine Keywords: M. genitalium; minocycline; metronidazole; methenamine; pristinamycin; AMR

Online: 24 September 2024 (03:49:18 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202402.1714.v1

Candida tropicalis critically affects Candida albicans virulence by limiting its capacity to adhere to the host intestinal surface leading to decreased susceptibility to colitis in mice

Kyle Roberts, Abdullah Osme, Carlo De Salvo, Eleonora Zoli, Janet Herrada, Thomas McCormick, Mahmoud Ghannoum, Fabio Cominelli, Luca Di Martino

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Immunology And Microbiology Keywords: C. albicans; colitis; C. tropicalis; mycobiome; biofilm

Online: 29 February 2024 (10:53:24 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202311.1588.v1

Microbiome Dynamics of Salmo salar Skin and Gill

Marcos Godoy, Yoandy Coca, Rudy Suárez, Marco Montes de Oca, Jacob W. Bledsoe, Ian Burbulis, Diego Caro, Juan Pablo Pontigo, Vinicius Maracaja-Coutinho, Raúl Arias-Carrasco, Leonardo Rodríguez-Córdova, César Sáez-Navarrete

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Aquatic Science Keywords: Piscirickettsia salmonis; Salmo salar; skin; ulcer; microbiome

Online: 24 November 2023 (09:25:08 CET)

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Preprint COMMUNICATION | doi:10.20944/preprints202407.1689.v1

An Alternative Method to Synthesize N,2,3-Trimethyl-2H-indazol-6-amine as a Key Component in the Preparation of Pazopanib

Thi Thanh Cham Bui, Hue Linh Luu, Thi Thanh Luong, Thi Ngoc Nguyen, Huy Duc Ngo, Nguyet Suong Huyen Dao, Van Giang Nguyen, Dinh Luyen Nguyen, Nguyen Trieu Trinh, Van Hai Nguyen

Subject: Chemistry And Materials Science, Medicinal Chemistry Keywords: -methyl-6-nitro-1H-indazole; pazopanib; N,N,2,3-tetramethyl-2H-indazol-6-amine; N,2,3-trimethyl-2H-indazol-6-amine

Online: 22 July 2024 (08:06:19 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202408.1231.v1

Antioxidant and Antibacterial Activities of Selected Medicinal Plants from Addis Ababa against MDR-Uropathogenic Bacteria

Mebrahtu Eyasu, Juana Benedí, José Antonio Romero, Sagrario Martín-Aragón

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Epidemiology And Infectious Diseases Keywords: Thymus schimperi; Rhamnus prinoides; Justicia shimperiana; multidrug resistance; Escherichia coli; Klebsiella pneumoniae ESBL

Online: 16 August 2024 (10:11:07 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202311.1060.v1

Dermatophyte Infections Worldwide: Increase in Incidence and Associated Antifungal Resistance

Caroline Kruithoff, Ahmed Gamal, Thomas S. McCormick, Mahmoud A. Ghannoum

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Epidemiology And Infectious Diseases Keywords: Incidence; Terbinafine; Dermatophytes; Trichophyton; T. rubrum; T. mentagrophytes; T. indotineae; Superficial Fungal Infection

Online: 16 November 2023 (11:22:14 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202312.0140.v1

Larvicidal Potential of Silver Nanoparticles Synthesized From Ocimum gratissimum Leaf Extracts Against Anopheles Mosquito

Adedamola Sunmonu, Nzube Ekpunobi

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Biology And Biotechnology Keywords: Ocimum gratissimum; silver nano-particle larvicides; Anopheles; Insecticide-resistant mosquito

Online: 4 December 2023 (07:52:48 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202409.2001.v1

Development of an Eco-Friendly Nanogel Incorporating Pectis brevipedunculata Essential Oil as Larvicidal Agent Against Aedes aegypti

Estela Mesquita Marques, Raiene Lisboa Rocha, Clenilma Marques Brandão, Júlia Karla de Albuquerque Melo Xavier, Marcos Bispo Pinheiro Camara, Caritas de Jesus Silva Mendonça, Roberto Batista de Lima, Melissa Pires Souza, Emmanoel Vilaça Costa, Renato Sonchini Gonçalves

Subject: Chemistry And Materials Science, Nanotechnology Keywords: thermoresponsive nanogel; Pectis brevipendunculata essencial oil; Aedes aegypti

Online: 25 September 2024 (12:10:31 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202409.1116.v1

Characterization of Biofilm Formation by Staphylococcus aureus Depending on NaCl Concentration

Yusuke Iwabuchi, Hitoyuki Kato, Masanori Saito, Hidenobu Senpuku

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Immunology And Microbiology Keywords: biofilm; membrane vesicle; S. mutans; NaCl; S. aureus

Online: 14 September 2024 (08:44:10 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202409.0232.v1

Characterization of Qu-aroma of Medium-High Temperature Daqu from Different Production Areas Using Sensory Evaluation, E-nose, and GC-MS/O Analysis

Jie Deng, Jia Zheng, Xing Li, Zhiguo Huang, Dan Huang, Guangbin Ye, Huibo Luo

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Food Science And Technology Keywords: Medium-High Temperature Daqu; Qu-aroma; Volatile compounds

Online: 4 September 2024 (03:08:27 CEST)

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BACKGROUND: Qu-aroma is a critical quality indicator for medium-high temperature Daqu (MT-Daqu), significantly influencing the aroma profile of strong-aroma Baijiu (SAB). SAB is produced across various regions in China, each with unique environmental conditions and production techniques. These regional differences are likely to cause variations in the Qu-aroma of MT-Daqu. Despite this, comprehensive research on the variations in Qu-aroma across different regions has been lacking. This study aims to address this gap by utilizing Gas Chromatography-Olfactometry-Mass Spectrometry (GC-O-MS) and electronic nose (E-nose) technology, combined with sensory evaluation, to analyze the differences in Qu-aroma characteristics and volatile compound profiles of MT-Daqu from seven distinct production areas.RESULTS: Sensory analysis identified seven broad aroma categories and 25 specific aromas characterizing the Qu-aroma of MT-Daqu samples. Chen aroma and roasted aroma were notably more prevalent in MT-Daqu samples from Sichuan compared to those from other regions (P < 0.05), while the fermentation aroma was less prominent in Sichuan samples. In total, 123 volatile compounds were detected in MT-Daqu, with 46 classified as aroma-active compounds. Among these, 21 aroma-active compounds were identified as markers distinguishing Sichuan MT-Daqu from those produced in non-Sichuan regions, showing significant differences in their concentrations (P < 0.05). Additionally, six major aroma-active compounds-ethyl isovalerate, ethyl heptanoate, hexanal, 1-nonanal, (E)-2,4-decadienal, and 2,3-dimethyl-5-ethylpyrazine-were found to significantly contribute to the aroma differences between Sichuan and non-Sichuan MT-Daqu.CONCLUSION: This study delineates the distinct Qu-aroma characteristics of MT-Daqu from various SAB production areas and identifies the aroma-active compounds responsible for these differences. The insights gained from this research offer valuable guidance for optimizing flavor profiles in MT-Daqu production, potentially enhancing the overall quality and regional distinctiveness of the product.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202404.1648.v1

Ixodes scapularis Calreticulin Binds Complement Proteins but Does Not Protect Borrelia burgdorferi from Complement Killing

Moiz Ashraf Ansari, Thu-Thuy Nguyen, Klaudia Izabela Kocurek, Tae Heung Kim, Kim Kwon Tae-kwon, Albert Mulenga

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Parasitology Keywords: Ixodes scapularis; complement cascade; tick calreticulin; Borrelia burgdorferi

Online: 25 April 2024 (10:05:43 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202404.1094.v1

An Uplifting Avenue upon Mealworm Chitosan for Hemodialysis Application

Maria Martingo, Sara Baptista-Silva, Raquel Mesquita, João Paulo Ferreira, Sandra Borges, Manuela Pintado

Subject: Chemistry And Materials Science, Biomaterials Keywords: Tenebrio molitor; chitosan; bio-based membrane; hemodialysis treatment

Online: 17 April 2024 (14:57:06 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202404.0993.v1

Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis in Wild Boar (Sus scrofa) in Portugal

Ana Cristina Matos, Luís Figueira, Maria Helena Martins, Luís Cardoso, Manuela Matos, Maria de Lurdes Pinto, Ana Cláudia Coelho

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Animal Science, Veterinary Science And Zoology Keywords: Epidemiology; Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis; ; wild boar

Online: 16 April 2024 (07:26:01 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202312.1059.v1

Metagenomic Analysis of Viromes of Aedes Mosquitoes across India

Abhranil Gangopadhayya, Kavita Lole, Onkar Ghuge, Ashwini Ramdasi, Asmita Kamble, Diya Roy, Shivani Thakar, Amol Nath, Sudeep AB, Sarah Sabu Cherian

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Virology Keywords: Virome; Aedes aegypti; Aedes albopictus; PCLV; CFAV; CfGV

Online: 14 December 2023 (06:38:31 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202404.1112.v1

Effect of Sex, Age and Temperature on the Functional Response of Macrolophus pygmaeus Ramber and Nesidiocoris tenuis Reuter (Heteroptera: Miridae), on Eggs of Tuta absoluta

Eleni Yiacoumi, Nikos A. Kouloussis, Dimitrios S. Koveos

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Insect Science Keywords: M. pygmaeus; N. tenuis; Miridae; T.absoluta; functional response; tomato; sex; adult age; temperature; predator

Online: 17 April 2024 (11:57:43 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202401.1280.v1

Burkholderia pseudomallei Complex Subunit and Glycoconjugate Vaccines and Their Potential to Elicit Cross-Protection to Burkholderia cepacia complex.

Alexander J Badten, Alfredo G Torres

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Immunology And Microbiology Keywords: Burkholderia pseudomallei; Burkholderia mallei; Burkholderia cepacia complex; melioidosis; glanders; cystic fibrosis; vaccines; subunit; glycoconjugate

Online: 17 January 2024 (08:35:38 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202408.2124.v1

Effectively Increase the L(+)-Isomer Proportion of Ethyl Lactate in Baijiu by Isolating and Applying L(+)-Lactic Acid-Producing Bacteria

Zhiqiang Ren, Lvchang Liu, Tuoxian Tang, Keyi Huang, Zhiguo Huang

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Food Science And Technology Keywords: Strong-aroma Baijiu; L(+)-lactic acid; L(+)-ethyl lactate; Fermented grains; Bacillus licheniformis; Bacillus cereus

Online: 29 August 2024 (08:36:40 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202408.1987.v1

Essential Oils as an Antifungal Alternative to Control Fusarium spp., Penicillium spp., Trichoderma spp. and Aspergillus spp.

Maritza Ruiz-Medina, Jenny Ruales

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Agricultural Science And Agronomy Keywords: oregano; Origanum; rosemary; Salvia rosmarinus; clove; Syzygium aromaticum; thyme; Thymus; basil; Ocimum basilicum; cinnamon Cinnamomum

Online: 28 August 2024 (10:39:26 CEST)

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Essential oils oregano (Origanum vulgare), rosemary (Salvia rosmarinus), clove (Syzygium aromaticum), thyme (Thymus), cinnamon (Cinnamomum verum), basil (Ocimum basilicum), have antifungal properties. This study evaluated its ability to inhibit growth of isolated fungi and purified obtained from the rot of the banana peel, for the purpose of combating or inhibiting fungal growth in bananas (Musa paradisiaca). The methodology consists in preparing the dilutions to inoculate on PDA medium (Potato Dextrose Agar) amended with chloramphenicol to re-inoculate until obtaining the isolated and purified fungi of Trichoderma spp., Aspergillus spp., Penicillium spp. and Fusarium spp., which are characterized macroscopically and microscopically, subsequently, the growth is analyzed in vivo and the inhibition percentage in vitro. The results of the analysis in vivo report that the fungi in order of severity from greatest to least, was Penicillium spp., Trichoderma spp, Fusarium spp. y Aspergillus spp., while that the analysis in vivo reports that the rosemary and the basil does not inhibit fungal growth, while that the clove inhibit a 800 ppm, the cinnamon to 400 ppm and the oregano to 200 ppm to the four fungi. -2077601433541Citation: To be added by editorial staff during production. Academic Editor: Firstname Lastname Received: date Revised: date Accepted: date Published: date Copyright: © 2024 by the authors. Submitted for possible open access publication under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).00Citation: To be added by editorial staff during production. Academic Editor: Firstname Lastname Received: date Revised: date Accepted: date Published: date Copyright: © 2024 by the authors. Submitted for possible open access publication under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202409.1304.v1

Whole Exome Sequencing of Meningioma in Sudanese Patients

Sawsan Aldeaf, Alsadig Gassoum, Nihad Elsadig, Mohamed Arbab, Muntaser Ebrahim

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Other Keywords: WES; AKT1; CD44; meningioma; candidate genes; NCNS

Online: 18 September 2024 (05:24:59 CEST)

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Introduction Meningioma is the second most common primary intracranial tumor of the central nervous system. in Sudan, meningioma is the most common primary brain tumor, among Sudanese patients, Surgical total excision of meningioma offers a better survival, however, Chemotherapy has largely been unsuccessful for meningioma treatment, and therefore, refractory and recurrence meningioma treated with palliative surgery and radiotherapy. Monosomy of chromosome 22 is the utmost common genetic alteration among meningioma and many genes were investigated and described in the development of this tumor of which , NF2 hSNF5/INI1gene, P53. In addition to this, Molecular signal pathways in meningioma, and that contribute to the survival, proliferation, self-renewal, and differentiation properties of normal stem cells which are abnormally activated and nominated as cancerous stem cell (CSCs). Objectives 1/ To identify the possible pathway of candidate genes in both setting and whole genes hypothesis free approach 2/ To assess the presence of mutations in candidate genes among histological subtypes of meningioma in Sudan. Material and methods This is a prospective cross-sectional study done at the National Center of Neurological Sciences (NCNS) Khartoum, from 2018 to 2021. The study included all cerebral tumors that were radio- logically diagnosed preoperatively as meningioma. Ethical approval was taken from Institute of Endemic disease, Khartoum University, and written consent was obtained Three DNA extracts were randomly selected from 20 meningioma tissue samples and processed for WES. All genes harboring exonic and splice site variations stratified into SNVs and INDELs sets were prepared. The 1000G online database was used to explore novel mutations per 3 samples. SIFT and PolyPhen-2 programs were used to predict possible impact of amino acids substitution. To address meticulous genes interaction and particular centrality, all shared genes within the class INDEL and SNVs were used as input on Network Analysis to predict protein- protein interaction and functional gene ontology. Finally, shared mutations within genes of centrality were detected via Sanger sequencing and mutations were correlated between histological sub-types and recurrenceThree non meningioma brain tumor used as control. Results WES analysis revealed high number for mutational signature within 2 classes (INDEL and SNVs) per 3 samples, the findings of 1000 genome online database showed number of novel mutations; 5618 in fibrous , 6032 in meningothelial while in recurrent fibrous sample 5930. Network analysis of shared genes per each class (INDEL, SNVs), showed UBC is the most protein of remarkable degree centrality over thousand of genes. Whereas, all shared genes per 3 samples within the 2 classes (INDEL and SNVs) revealed Akt1 with the highest degree of centrality and betweenness. Akt1 rs17846829was detected in 20% of the samples, while CD44 stemness gene revealed mutation A>G (rs9666607) in all meningioma samples (100%), this mutation was associated with 60% of the recurrence. Conclusions Nevertheless, the present study, highlight how such complex molecular processes might contribute to tumorogenesis, in attempt to shed light over thousands of genes and multifaceted network analysis rather than a solitary gene which is challenging question.

Preprint SHORT NOTE | doi:10.20944/preprints202408.1662.v1

Recent Advances in Molecular Diagnostic Methods for Foodborne Pathogens with a Focus on Listeria monocytogenes and Salmonella spp

Josué J. Da Silva

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Immunology And Microbiology Keywords: Molecular Diagnostics; Foodborne Pathogens; Listeria monocytogenes; Salmonella Detection; NGS

Online: 23 August 2024 (00:11:54 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202408.1120.v1

Complete Genome Sequence of the Butirosin-producing Bacillus vitellinus NBRC 13296 and its reclassification to Paenibacillus chitinolyticus

Kyung-A Hyun, Seung-Young Kim, Kyung-Hwan Boo, Won-Jae Chi, Chang-Gu Hyun

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Life Sciences Keywords: Bacillus vitellinus NBRC 13296; butirosin BGC, Paenibacillus chitinolyticus; reclassification

Online: 15 August 2024 (06:28:04 CEST)

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Butirosins are naturally occurring aminoglycoside (AG) antibiotics featuring a 4,5-disubstituted 2-deoxystreptamine (2-DOS) with a (2S)-4-amino-2-hydroxybutyrate (AHBA) side chain. This side chain has been shown to confer resistance against AG modifying enzymes, leading to ongoing studies on the butirosin biosynthetic pathway and the corresponding enzymes. Butirosin is produced by Niallia (formerly Bacillus) circulans and Bacillus vitellinus, with most research focused on the former strain. To date, no whole genome analysis has been performed on B. vitellinus. In this study, we sequenced the complete genome of B. vitellinus NBRC 13296 and performed a comparative analysis of different butirosin biosyntheric gene clusters (BGCs), including those from N. circulans. The complete genome of B. vitellinus NBRC 13296 comprises a 6,331,192 base circlular chromosome with a GC content of 52.68%. The annotation revealed the presence of 5,605 CDSs, 70 tRNA genes, 30 rRNA genes, and 3 ncRNA genes in NBRC 13296. The highest dDDH and ANI values between NBRC 13296 and the most closely related type strain, Paenibacillus chitinolyticus KCCM 41400, were 97.8% and 98.66%, respectively. Based on these genome-based comparative analyses, we propose reclassifying B. vitellinus NBRC 13296 as P. chitinolyticus. Genome mining revealed 18 gene clusters encoding the biosynthesis of diverse secondary metabolites in the genome of B. vitellinus NBRC 13296, indicating the enormous biosynthetic potential of this strain. The predicted structural diversity of secondary metabolites includes aminoglycoside, PKS, NRPS, PKS-NRPS hybrids, metallophores, phosphonates, terpenes, β-lactones, and RiPP peptides. We then comparatively characterized butorosin BGCs previously studied in several N. circulans strains. Additionally, comparative genome analysis revealed complete butirosin BGCs identified from P. chitinolyticus KCCM 41400, P. chitinolyticus NRRL B-23119, P. chitinolyticus NRRL B-23120, P. chitinolyticus B-14908, P. chitinolyticus YSY-3.1, P. chitinolyticus JMW06, Paenibacillus sp. GbtcB18, Paenibacillus sp. HGH0039, Paenibacillus sp. MZ04-78.2. Finally, we identified the core region consisting of BtrS, BtrN, BtrM, BtrL, BtrA, BtrB, BtrC, BtrD, BtrD, BtrE, BtrF, BtrG, BtrH, BtrI, BtrI, BtrJ, BtrK, BtrO, BtrP, and BtrV, followed by an upstream region organizing BtrQ, BtrW, BtrX, BtrY, and BtrZ in the same transcriptional direction and sequential genetic arrangement, and a downstream region organizing various proteins based on BtrT, BtrR2, BtrU, and BtrR1. Our study provided insights into the reclassification of B. vitellinus NBRC 13296 to P. chitinolyticus and suggested the need for continued studies on butirosin biosynthesis from an enzymatic perspective.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202407.1518.v1

Whole Genome Sequencing of the Entomopathogenic Fungus Lecanicillium lecanii, KMZW-1 and Its Efficacy against Bactrocera dorsalis

Junfu Yu, Mehboob Hussain, Mingqi Wu, Chunlan Shi, Shini Li, Yuanxia Ji, Sikandar Hussain, Deqiang Qin, Chun Xiao, Guoxing Wu

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Insect Science Keywords: Lecanicillium lecanii; whole genome sequencing; entomopathogenic fungus; Bactrocera dorsalis

Online: 19 July 2024 (02:30:15 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202406.0897.v1

Sterility Mosaic Disease of Pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan (L.) Huth): Current Status, Disease Management Strategies, and Future Prospects

BR Sayiprathap, Anil Kumar Patibanda, Muttappagol Mantesh, Shridhar Shivakumar Hiremath, N SAGAR, CN Lakshminarayana Reddy, CR Jahir Basha, SE Diwakar Reddy, Mediga Kasi Rao, Ramakrishnan Madhavan Nair, Hari Kishan Sudini

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Plant Sciences Keywords: Cajanus cajan; SMD; PPSMV; eriophyid mite; screening; disease management

Online: 13 June 2024 (07:10:51 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202405.0085.v1

Proteome Dynamics of Arabidopsis thaliana Under Moderate Heat Stress

Kai-Ting Fan, Yuan Xu

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Biochemistry And Molecular Biology Keywords: crop resilience; Arabidopsis thaliana; heat stress; proteomics; thermal adaptation

Online: 2 May 2024 (12:04:12 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202403.1866.v1

Proximate Causes of Ageing Are Likely Evolutionarily Bound and Appropriate Countermeasure Design Requires New Approaches

Luke Slade, Timothy Etheridge, Nathaniel Szewczyk

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Aging Keywords: Hyperfunction; C. elegans; ageing; gene optimisation; healthspan

Online: 29 March 2024 (15:55:49 CET)

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Understanding mechanisms of ageing remains a complex challenge for biogerontologists, but recent adaptations of evolutionary ageing theories offer a compelling lens in which to view both age-related molecular and physiological deterioration. Ageing is commonly associated with a progressive loss of biochemical processes and degeneration of molecular material, however, the mechanisms of diminishing function are not simply a result of aberrant expression of these pathways. Natural selection pressures are at their highest in youthful periods to select genes advantageous to maximising reproductive capacity. After sexual maturation, selective pressure diminishes, subjecting individuals to maladaptive pleiotropic gene function once beneficial for developmental growth, but pathogenic later in life. Due to this selective ‘shadowing’ in ageing, mechanisms to counter hyperfunctional genes are unlikely to evolve within a given species. These genetic ‘run-on’ programmes are not dysfunctional per se and, in fact, remain highly robust. Thus, interventions capable of optimising gene function during the ageing process represent as attractive therapeutic modalities. Caenorhabditis elegans offers a unique model to explore high-throughput screening of interventions to combat hyperfunctional pathways involved in ageing. However, the majority of research to date employ whole-life vs late-life pathway manipulation of developmental/growth-related systems to claim ageing attenuation, despite significant impairments in early-life fitness and discordance with healthspan. Here, we discuss data supporting hyperfunctional changes at a global molecular and functional level in C. elegans, and how classical lifespan-extension mutants alter these dynamics. We later discuss the relevance of such mutant models for exploring mechanisms of ageing, highlighting that post-reproductive gene manipulation represents a far more translatable approach for C. elegans research not routed within pleiotropic constraints. More so, lifespan has become a routine readout for quantifying ‘ageing’, however, we make the argument that a compression of gerospan vs lifespan extension is a more meaningful goal for anti-ageing regimes with current knowledge. Similarly, mechanisms governing lifespan are distinct from those regulating health, and slowing senescent pathology accumulation appears more applicable for the abstraction to human ageing.

Preprint SHORT NOTE | doi:10.20944/preprints202312.1904.v2

Living on the Edge: Navigating the Complex Landscape of Borderline Personality Disorder

Sharif Mohammed Sadat, Dev Desai, Maria Eleni Malafi

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Psychiatry And Mental Health Keywords: Borderline personality Disorder; instability; Impulsive; Stigma; Psychiatry
;

Online: 12 February 2024 (11:08:01 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202312.0039.v1

The Crayfish Plague Pathogen Aphanomyces astaci in Ireland.

Daniel J. Brady, Rossa Meade, Julian D. Reynolds, Andreas Vilcinskas, Kathrin Theissinger

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Aquatic Science Keywords: crayfish plague; Aphanomyces astaci; Austropotamobius pallipes; invasive species; Ireland

Online: 1 December 2023 (05:31:53 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202311.1489.v1

In-Vitro Activity of N, N-diethyldithiocarbamate against Ureaplasma urealyticum and Ureaplasma parvum Isolated from Women with Infections of the Urogenital Tract

Małgorzata Biernat-Sudolska, Danuta Rojek-Zakrzewska, Kamil Drożdż, Anna Bilska-Wilkosz

Subject: Medicine And Pharmacology, Medicine And Pharmacology Keywords: Ureaplasma urealyticum; Ureaplasma parvum; N,N-diethyldithiocarbamate; disulfiram; urease

Online: 23 November 2023 (07:38:15 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202309.0579.v1

E-Loyalty and E-marketing: A matter of E-Trust

Benish Shabbir, Qiu Xiaodong

Subject: Social Sciences, Behavior Sciences Keywords: E-Loyalty; E-Marketing; E-Trust; culture; hotel industry; China

Online: 8 September 2023 (10:31:45 CEST)

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Purpose: The purpose of this study is to further explore how e-loyalty and E-marketing influences E-trust and satisfy the demand by offering fresh perspectives based on research as well as emphasis on the factors influencing the E-trust such as culture as a mediator. This study not only contributed theoretically but also presented practical implementations. Design/methodology/approach: Online survey was used to obtain data by focusing the Hospitality sector (Hotel Industry) and verifying the conceptual framework. Data was collected in multiple time lags. Findings: Findings showed that the E-trust influenced by E-loyalty and E-Marketing. E-trust comes from the previous experiences, e-loyalty and e-marketing. Further, some trends such as culture influenced the e-trust. Research limitation/implications: The present study is quite suitable for those Researchers interested in learning more about the effects of E-loyalty and E-marketing on user E-trust and how to mitigate cultural influences can benefit from the current study. This research also has implications for those who wish to improve market allure and survival in digital world. This study focused on the hospitality sector (Hotel Industry) in China; however, the sector and geography could be altered to suit the needs of the study's participants. Practical implications: The present study delivers the practical guidelines which are quiet suitable for understanding the formation of E-loyalty, E-marketing, and E-trust through which specific E-marketing strategy can be designed to deal with the consumer’s E-loyalty and their expectations as per their Cultural perspective. At some particular regions/countries, cultural trends are more important than practical market. This research study practically showed that how culture changed the consumer set of mind. Originality/value: The relationship between E-loyalty, E-marketing, E-trust, specifically with the cultural influence in digital market has been the subject of few research.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202406.0369.v1

Vitis rotundifolia Genes Introgressed with RUN1 and RPV1: Poor Recombination and Impact on v. vinifera Berry Transcriptome

Mengyao SHI, Stefania Savoi, Gautier Sarah, Alexandre Soriano, Audrey Weber, Laurent Torregrosa, Charles Romieu

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Plant Sciences Keywords: Hybrids; Fruit development; V. rotundifolia; V. vinifera; Transcriptome; Resistance genes

Online: 6 June 2024 (11:42:44 CEST)

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Thanks to several Vitis vinifera backcrosses with an initial V. vinifera L. × V. rotundifolia (previously Muscadinia rotundifolia) interspecific cross, the MrRUN1/MrRPV1 locus (resistance to downy and powdery mildews) was introgressed in genotypes phenotypically close to V. vinifera varieties. To check the consequences of introgressing parts of the V. rotundifolia genome on gene expression during fruit development, we conducted a comparative RNA-seq study on single berries from different V. vinifera cultivars and V. vinifera × V. rotundifolia hybrids, including ‘G5’ and two derivative microvine lines, ‘MV102’ (resistant) and ‘MV32’ (susceptible) segregating for the MrRUN1/RPV1 locus. RNA-Seq profiles were analyzed on a comprehensive set of single berries from the end of the herbaceous plateau to the ripe stage. Pair-end reads were aligned both on V. vinifera PN40024.v4 reference genome, V. rotundifolia cv ‘Trayshed’ and cv ‘Carlos’, and to the few resistance genes from the original V. rotundifolia cv ‘52’ parent available at NCBI. Weighted Gene Co-expression Network Analysis (WGCNA) led to classifying the differentially expressed genes into 15 modules either preferentially correlated with resistance or berry phenology and composition. Resistance positively correlated transcripts predominantly mapped on the 4-5 Mb distal region of V. rotundifolia chromosome 12 beginning with the MrRUN1/MrRPV1 locus, while the negatively correlated ones mapped on the orthologous V. vinifera region, showing this large extremity of LG12 remained recalcitrant to internal recombination during the successive backcrosses. Some constitutively expressed V. rotundifolia genes were also observed at lower density outside this region. Genes overexpressed in developing berries from resistant accessions, either introgressed from V. rotundifolia, or triggered by these in the vinifera genome, spanned various functional groups, encompassing calcium signal transduction, hormone signaling, transcription factors, plant–pathogen-associated interactions, disease resistance proteins, ROS and phenylpropanoid biosynthesis. This transcriptomic insight provides a foundation for understanding the disease resistance inherent in these hybrid cultivars and suggests a constitutive expression of NIR NBS LRR triggering calcium signaling. Moreover, these results illustrate the magnitude of transcriptomic changes caused by the introgressed V. rotundifolia background in backcrossed hybrids, on a large number of functions largely exceeding the ones constitutively expressed in single resistant gene transformants.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202403.0609.v1

The Optimal Concentrations of Ethanolic-Extracted Propolis for a Reduction of Nosema ceranae Infection in Western Honey Bees, Apis mellifera

Sanchai Naree, James D. Ellis, Guntima Suwannapong

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Insect Science Keywords: Apis mellifera; ethanolic extracted propolis; infectivity; infection rate; Nosema ceranae

Online: 11 March 2024 (21:47:59 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202401.0353.v1

Quality Characteristics and Antioxidant Activity of the Korean Traditional Rice-Oat Wine “Makgeolli” Supplemented with Codium fragile, a Green Seaweed

Eun Hee Park, Eun Bi Jeon, Shin Young Park

Subject: Chemistry And Materials Science, Food Chemistry Keywords: Makgeolli; Rice-Oat Mixture; Codium fragile; Antioxidant activity; Sensory properties

Online: 4 January 2024 (07:16:55 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202409.0085.v1

Megaselia scalaris and Senotainia tricuspis Infesting Apis mellifera: Genotyping, Detection by Quantitative PCR, and Involvement in the Transmission of Microbial Pathogens

Franca Rossi, Martina Iannitto, Beqe Hulaj, Paola Manocchio, Francesca Gentile, Ilaria Del Matto, Massimiliano Paoletti, Lucio Marino, Luciano Ricchiuti

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Insect Science Keywords: Parasitoid flies of Apis mellifera; Megaselia scalaris; Senotainia tricuspis; qPCR detection; occurrence in apiaries; genotyping; pathogen transmission

Online: 2 September 2024 (16:30:19 CEST)

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