Sepsis is a pervasive condition that affects individuals of all ages, with significant social and economic consequences. Early diagnosis of sepsis is fundamental for establishing appropriate treatment and is based on warning scores and clinical characteristics, with positive microbiological cultures being the gold standard. Research has yet to identify a single biomarker to meet this diagnostic demand. Presepsin is a molecule that has the potential as a biomarker for diagnosing sepsis. In this paper, we present a narrative review of the diagnostic and prognostic performance of presepsin in different age groups. Given its particularities, it is identified that presepsin is a potential biomarker for sepsis at all stages of life.

Arboviruses, transmitted by mosquitoes like Aedes aegypti, pose significant public health challenges globally, particularly in tropical regions. The rapid spread and adaptation of viruses such as Dengue, Zika, and Chikungunya have emphasized the need for innovative control methods. Larvicide property of essential oils has emerged as a potential alternative to conventional insecticides. This work showed the development of an eco-friendly nanogel using a low-energy, solvent-free method, incorporating the copolymer F127 and carbopol 974p with a high concentration of essential oil from Pectis brevipedunculata (Gardner) Sch.Bip. (Pb). The resulting nanogel displayed excellent physical stability and was maintained under varying temperature conditions. Characterization techniques, including FTIR and DLS, confirmed the stable incorporation of essential oil (EOPb) within the nanogel matrix. The in vitro assays against Aedes aegypti larvae revealed that at 500 μg/mL, the mortality rates was 96.0% ± 7.0 after 24 h and 100.0% ± 0.0 after 48 h. The positive control group treated with temephos, achieved 100% mortality at both time points, validating the experimental conditions and providing a benchmark for assessing the efficacy of the nGF2002Pb nanogel. These results indicate that the nGF2002Pb demonstrates a pronounced concentration-dependent larvicidal effect against Aedes aegypti, offering an innovative and sustainable approach for arbovirus vector control.

Air pollution, particularly fine particulate matter (PM2.5), poses a significant threat to public health, especially in rapidly urbanizing areas like Lagos State. Despite the severity of the issue, there is a lack of comprehensive data on PM2.5 levels and the Air Quality Index (AQI) in Lagos. This study leverages data from AirQo, an innovative air quality monitoring network using low-cost sensors, to provide a detailed assessment of PM2.5 concentrations and AQI across eight locations in Lagos State, Nigeria. This approach offers real-time, continuous monitoring, filling a critical data gap in the region's air quality management efforts. This study uses AirQo data to assess the concentration levels and spatial distribution of PM2.5 and AQI across the selected eight locations. Data on PM2.5 concentrations were obtained from AirQo sensors deployed across the eight strategic locations in Lagos. The spatial distribution of PM2.5 levels and AQI were analyzed, and the results were compared with national and international air quality standards. The findings revealed that PM2.5 levels (minimum – 6.28 µg/m3 (Ikeja) and maximum - 204.68 µg/m3 (Banana Island) in many areas of Lagos exceed annual WHO and national air quality guidelines, indicating significant health risks. The spatial analysis identified pollution hotspots, particularly in densely populated and industrial regions. The data suggested vehicular emissions and industrial activities as major contributors to high PM2.5 levels. This study underscores the severe air quality issues in Lagos State, emphasizing the need for immediate and targeted interventions to mitigate PM2.5 pollution. The use of AirQo sensors proved effective in providing accurate and timely data for air quality assessment. It is recommended that Lagos State implements stricter emission controls, promotes cleaner technologies, and enhances public transportation systems to reduce traffic-related pollution. Additionally, expanding the air quality monitoring network and incorporating more environmental data will provide a more comprehensive understanding of air pollution impacts, thereby facilitating better policy and public health decisions.

Robin's criterion states that the Riemann hypothesis is true if and only if the inequality $\sigma(n) < e^{\gamma } \cdot n \cdot \log \log n$ holds for all natural numbers $n > 5040$, where $\sigma(n)$ is the sum-of-divisors function of $n$ and $\gamma \approx 0.57721$ is the Euler-Mascheroni constant. We show that the Robin inequality is true for all natural numbers $n > 5040$ that are not divisible by some prime between $2$ and $1771559$. We prove that the Robin inequality holds when $\frac{\pi^{2}}{6} \cdot \log\log n' \leq \log\log n$ for some $n>5040$ where $n'$ is the square free kernel of the natural number $n$. The possible smallest counterexample $n > 5040$ of the Robin inequality implies that $q_{m} > e^{31.018189471}$, $1 < \frac{(1 + \frac{1.2762}{\log q_{m}}) \cdot \log(1.006479799241)}{\log \log n}+ \frac{\log N_{m}}{\log n}$, $(\log n)^{\beta_{n}} < 1.000208229291\cdot\log(N_{m})$ and $n < (1.006479799241)^{m} \cdot N_{m}$, where $N_{m} = \prod_{i = 1}^{m} q_{i}$ is the primorial number of order $m$, $q_{m}$ is the largest prime divisor of $n$ and $\beta_{n} = \prod_{i = 1}^{m} \frac{q_{i}^{a_{i}+1}}{q_{i}^{a_{i}+1}-1}$ when $n$ is an Hardy-Ramanujan integer of the form $\prod_{i=1}^{m} q_{i}^{a_{i}}$. By combining these results, we present a proof of the Riemann hypothesis. This work is an expansion and refinement of the article "Robin's criterion on divisibility", published in The Ramanujan Journal.

White blood cells are crucial for immune defense in the human body, and fluctuations in their levels can lead to severe health issues. This research introduces a system designed for the localization and classification of white blood cells. The dataset utilized comprises two segments: one for localization consisting of 364 annotated images, and another for classification with 12,444 labeled images. The purpose of this study is to develop and evaluate a robust system for the accurate localization and classification of white blood cells using deep learning techniques. The study explores two localization methods—a traditional technique and a deep learning-based approach—and evaluates five deep learning architectures for classification, including three pretrained and two custom models. Upon testing these models on the dataset, the study identifies and evaluates the most effective approach. The localization process achieved an average Intersection over Union (IoU) of 71%, and the classification process reached an accuracy of 92%. The robustness of the model was further assessed by introducing different types of noise to test its resilience. The performance of this system demonstrates high accuracy and resilience to noise, which can be attributed to the use of a large dataset, our developed architectures, and our proposed methodology.

This study evaluated the post-thaw viability and in vitro fertility of ejaculated and epididymal semen from Pantaneiro bulls and characterized cell-free DNA (cfDNA) in fresh seminal plasma. Semen from five bulls was collected via electroejaculation or post-mortem epididymal extraction. Fresh semen parameters and cfDNA concentrations were assessed before cryopreservation. Post-thaw sperm kinetics were evaluated using CASA at 0 and 6 hours of incubation, and in vitro embryo development was analyzed following IVF. Data were assessed using ANOVA and logistic regression. Ejaculate samples exhibited more morphological defects than epididymal samples (15.8% vs. 1.8%, P≤0.05). Post-thaw, epididymal semen showed higher total (87.2% vs. 32.4%) and progressive (67.1% vs. 14.4%) motility at 0 h (P≤0.05), and higher motility at 6 h (38.9% vs. 11.0%, P≤0.05). In vitro fertility did not differ significantly between ejaculated (n=525 oocytes) and epididymal (n=500 oocytes) semen groups in terms of cleavage (49.6% vs. 44.2%) and blastocyst formation on D7 (26.1% vs. 22.2%, P&gt;0.05). cfDNA concentration in fresh semen ranged from 11.4 to 50.9 ng/µL. These findings indicate that epididymal sperm from Pantaneiro bulls retain high post-thaw viability and fertility. Additionally, cfDNA characterization in seminal plasma contributes to indigenous cattle preservation and advances in male fertility research.

UML (Unified Modeling Language) diagrams are graphical representations used in software engineering which play a vital role in the design and development of software systems and various engineering processes. Large, good-quality datasets containing UML diagrams are essential for different areas in the industry, research and teaching purposes, however few exist in the literature and it is common to find duplicate elements in the existing datasets. This might affect the evaluation of the models obtained when using these datasets. This paper addresses the challenge of creating a ground truth dastaset of UML diagrams, including semi-automated inspection to remove duplicates and ensure the correct labeling of all UML diagrams contained in the dataset. In particular, a dataset of six UML diagram classes has been assembled, comprising a total of 2,626 images (426 activity diagrams, 636 class diagrams, 352 component diagrams, 357 deployment diagrams, 435 sequence diagrams, and 420 use case diagrams). Importantly, unlike other existing datasets, ours contains no duplicate elements and all diagrams are correctly labeled. Our curated dataset is a valuable and unique resource for the research community because it serves as a foundation for training and evaluating various models. In this paper, we demonstrate this by training and testing several deep learning models using our dataset, achieving highly satisfactory results compared to those presented in other works in the literature. Additionally, our experimental results highlight the potential of Visual Transformers for UML diagram classification, setting our approach apart from others that predominantly used Convolutional Neural Networks for similar tasks.

The associations among increased pain sensitivity, obesity, and systemic inflammation have not been described as a direct link between BBB dysfunctions. To analyze the metabolic, behavioral, and inflammatory effects of a HFD and ultrastructural modifications in brain regions, we used an experimental model. Adult male Wistar rats were randomly assigned to one of two conditions, an ad libitum control group, or a high-fat-diet (60%) group (HFD-fed), for eight weeks. At the end of the protocol, glucose, and insulin tolerance tests were performed. Additionally, we analyzed the response to a normally innocuous mechanical stimulus and changes in motor coordination. At the end of the protocol, HFD-fed individuals presented increased HOMA-IR and metabolic syndrome (MetS) prevalence. HFD-fed rats also developed an increased nociceptive response to mechanical stimuli and neurological injury, resulting in impaired motor function. Hypothalamus and cerebellum neurons from HFD-fed presented with nuclear swelling, an absence of nucleoli, and karyolysis. These results reveal that HFD consumption affecting vital brain structures such as the cerebellum, hippocampus, and hypothalamus. This, in turn, causes neuronal damage, impairs cellular communication, and alters motricity and pain sensitivity. Understanding the link between BBB impairment and sensory and motor changes could lead to targeted therapeutic strategies.

Microbial infections in wounds can significantly delay the healing process, with bacteria often forming protective biofilms that shield them from external threats. In this study, we evaluated the impact of copper oxide-impregnated wound dressings (referred to as COD) on a bacterial mixture comprising common gram-positive and gram-negative wound pathogens encased in biofilm. The bacterial mix was exposed to COD or control dressings for 0, 1, 2, and 3 hours, and the effects were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy. After just 1 hour of exposure to COD, notable leakage of bacterial cytoplasmic contents was observed. By the 3-hour mark, the gram-negative bacteria exhibited formation of holes in their cell walls, while gram-positive bacteria showed a reduction in cell width. These findings demonstrate the ability of COD to effectively kill bacteria, even when protected by biofilm, supporting clinical observations of its efficacy in managing infected wounds.

Rechargeable solid-state batteries (SSBs) offer enhanced safety, higher energy density, and longer cycle life compared with conventional lithium-ion batteries, making them a promising solution for electric vehicles, grid storage, and other high-demand applications. However, challenges such as interface stability, low ionic conductivity, and manufacturing scalability hinder their commercial viability. This research provides a comprehensive cross-sectional thematic and bibliometric analysis of recent SSB research, focusing on four key areas: electrolyte engineering, electrode engineering, battery architecture, and performance evaluation. By analyzing publications from major databases, this study highlights the latest innovations, including improved solid electrolytes, advanced electrode materials, and novel architectures that enhance both performance and manufacturability. The findings offer valuable insights for researchers, engineers, and industry stakeholders by identifying critical gaps in the field and highlighting future research directions. The work examines progress in interface optimization, ion transport improvements, and scalable production techniques, which are crucial for advancing SSB technology. By presenting a detailed review of key developments and challenges, this study contributes to a deeper understanding of SSB progress and its potential to revolutionize the energy storage industry. The results will guide researchers in targeting high-impact areas and help industry leaders and policymakers strategize the commercial deployment of SSBs in electric vehicles, stationary energy storage, and other applications requiring reliable and efficient energy solutions.

In this paper, we focus on the influence of Riemann space-time curvature on the laws of electromagnetism, such as Gauss’s law, Maxwell-Amp´ere’s law, and Faraday’s law. Furthermore, we also introduce the work done on the unification of the gravitation and electromagnetic fields.

Botulinum toxin (BoNT) is recognized as one of the most potent neurotoxins, with a lethal dose as low as 2 ng/kg, but it has also demonstrated significant therapeutic potential in controlled doses. Produced by the gram-positive anaerobic bacterium Clostridium botulinum, BoNT exists in eight distinct serotypes (A, B, C1, C2, D, E, F, and G) that disrupt neuronal transmission by targeting the soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein receptors (SNARE) complex at the neuromuscular junction, inhibiting the release of acetylcholine and inducing flaccid paralysis. While BoNT is notorious for its toxicity, it has been repurposed for medical use across various clinical indications. Following their approval by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), these toxins have been associated with significant improvements in patient outcomes, particularly for individuals with specific neuromuscular disorders such as spasticity, dystonia, and cerebral palsy, as well as non-neuromuscular conditions like hyperhidrosis and cosmetic concerns. This broad spectrum of therapeutic applications that botulinum neurotoxins offer has made them an integral part of contemporary healthcare. Considering their growing importance, a detailed evaluation of their pharmacological properties, available formulations, and clinical uses is crucial. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of BoNT's molecular structure, mechanism of action, and therapeutic applications, with a particular emphasis on the most widely used BoNT-A formulations: OnabotulinumtoxinA (Botox), AbobotulinumtoxinA (Dysport), and IncobotulinumtoxinA (Xeomin). We examine their clinical efficacy, safety profiles, and differences in pharmacological properties to guide healthcare providers in selecting the most appropriate treatment for various conditions. Additionally, the review explores the challenges of BoNT therapy, such as immunogenicity and dosing considerations, while highlighting its evolving role in neurorehabilitation and conservative treatment strategies.

(1) Background: Multi-year research into the synergistic effect of cyclophosphamide and complex composite double-stranded DNA preparation (DNAmix) has made it possible to develop the novel Karanahan technology for treating malignant tumors, which is based on the eradication of cancer stem cells; (2) Methods: Pilot clinical trials for Karanahan technology were conducted in 12 patients with advanced stage IV breast cancer; (3) Results: The findings indicate that the analyzed treatment regimen ensures a local positive therapeutic response, significantly increases patient survival time, and activates the adaptive antitumor immune response. Adjustment of the basic regimen of Karanahan technology has been developed, which consists of increasing the dose of the DNAmix complex composite double stranded DNA preparation and its lymphotropic administration to the main lymph depots simultaneously with intratumoral injection; (4) Conclusions: Karanahan technology has a promising therapeutic potential in the treatment of inoperable stage IV breast cancer.

Entamoeba histolytica causes amebiasis, a significant global health issue with millions affected annually, especially in developing countries. EhDUF2419, an important protein involved in E. histolytica's queuine salvage pathway, shares homology with DNA glycosylase. However, its in-teraction network remains unclear. To explore this, we transfected E. histolytica trophozoites with a plasmid encoding Myc-tagged EhDUF2419 and achieved successful overexpression. Through immunoprecipitation with Myc antibody followed by mass spectrometry, we identified 335 proteins interacting with Myc-tagged EhDUF2419, including over 100 ribosomal proteins, along with translation initiation and elongation factors, and aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases. Ribosome purification revealed the presence of EhDUF2419 in ribosomal protein-enriched fractions. Treatment with queuosine (Q) significantly reduced EhDUF2419 protein levels and decreased Q-modified tRNA in Myc-tagged EhDUF2419 overexpressing trophozoites. This effect which is Q-dependent was not observed in strains carrying an empty vector control or overexpressing a truncated form of EhDUF2419 lacking catalytic activity. The reduction in EhDUF2419 protein levels is regulated by proteasome-mediated degradation, as evidenced by reduced degradation in the presence of MG132, a proteasome inhibitor. Our study uncovers the novel interaction of EhDUF2419 with ribosomal proteins and its regulation by the proteasome machinery, providing new insights into its role in E. histolytica and potential therapeutic strategies.

While being a workaholic supervisor may be viewed as admirable due to their commitment to work, existing findings on its effects on subordinates are mixed. Drawing upon the principle learning perspective and activation theory, we propose a curvilinear relationship between supervisor workaholism and subordinate job performance and investigate the moderating role of subordinate social-related social media usage. Specifically, we suggest that subordinate job performance increases (decreases) as supervisor workaholism increases from low (moderate) to moderate (high) levels and that this inverted U-shaped relationship becomes flatter when subordinates have higher social-related social media usage. The results, based on a multi-source survey collected from 321 supervisor-subordinate dyads, support the predictions. Our research moves beyond linear thinking and suggests that there exists an optimal level of supervisor workaholism that maximizes subordinate job performance. We also provide insights into the ongoing debate and potential ethical concerns surrounding whether employees should use social media at work. Implications for practice and future research are discussed.

Background The use of antimicrobials to treat food animals leaves antimicrobial residues in foodstuffs. The World Health Organization (WHO) defines the acceptable daily intakes (ADIs) of these residues as the dose of these antimicrobials that is safe for an average human to consume on a daily basis. We hypothesized that the low dose of ciprofloxacin classified as safe by the WHO could select for ciprofloxacin resistant strains of Klebsiella pneumoniae in a Galleria mellonella model. Objectives We aimed to evaluate if the consumption of peri-ADI doses of ciprofloxacin could select for ciprofloxacin-resistant (Ser464Phe, GyrB, ciprofloxacin MIC of 4 µg/mL) compared to -susceptible (isogenic, ciprofloxacin MIC of 0,047 µg/mL) strains of K. pneumoniae in a Galleria mellonella model. Methods A model of K. pneumoniae infection in G. mellonella larvae was used for the experiment. The larvae were inoculated with K. pneumoniae followed by 10x ADI, 1x ADI, 1/10^th ADI, 1/100^th ADI, 1/1000^th ADI doses of ciprofloxacin. Isolation of K. pneumoniae colonies was then performed on selective agar plates with and without ciprofloxacin (1 µg/mL) plates. The proportion of colonies with ciprofloxacin resistance was then calculated for each group at 24 and 48 hours. Results A significant increase was seen in the proportion of resistance for the 1x ADI and 1/10^th ADI concentration on day 2 compared to the positive control. Conclusion We found that at 48 hours, there was an enrichment of K. pneumoniae colonies with ciprofloxacin resistance in the larvae receiving 1x ADI and 1/10^th ADI concentrations of ciprofloxacin. These results suggest that the ciprofloxacin MSC_select for K. pneumoniae in this model is 1/10^th of the acceptable daily concentration (ADI) dose of ciprofloxacin, which is equivalent to 0.239 ng/µl.

Background/Objectives: Listeria monocytogenes is a foodborne pathogen that can infect humans and animals, causing non-invasive gastrointestinal listeriosis or invasive listeriosis. The objectives of this study were to determine: the genetic diversity of L. monocytogenes; the genes associated with the resistance to antibiotics, benzalkonium chloride (BC), and CdCl₂, and biofilm formation. Methods: Seventeen strains of L. monocytogenes isolated fresh fruits and vegetables were selected for this study. Genetic diversity and the genes associated with antibiotic resistance were determined by PCR amplification. Susceptibility to antibiotics were determined using the agar diffusion method. Resistance to BC and CdCl₂ was determined using the minimum inhibitory concentration method. Capacity for biofilm formation was evaluated using the crystal violet staining method. Results: This study demonstrates that the isolates of L. monocytogenes belong to serotypes 1/2a (29.4%) and 1/2b (70.5%). Potential hypervirulent strains containing 70.5% Listeria pathogenicity island 1 (LIPI-1-2), 17.6% (LIPI-1-3), and 11.7% (LIPI-1-4) were also identified. Antibiotic susceptibility tests show that L. monocytogenes exhibit six different multiresistant patterns with a MAR index of ³ 0.46 (70.5%); besides, the gen Ide, tetM, and msrA were detected in 52.9%, 29.4%, and 17.6%, respectively, associated with efflux pump Lde, tetracycline and ciprofloxacin resistance. Phenotypic test shows that 58.8% cadmium-resistant L. monocytogenes have a co-resistance to BC of 23.5%. Subsequently, all strains of L. monocytogenes exhibited moderate biofilm. Conclusions: This study contributes to the persistence and genetic diversity of strains L. monocytogenes isolated fresh fruits and vegetables; in addition, resistance to CdCl₂ and correlation with co-resistance to BC disinfectant used in the food industry.

Exoskeleton robots have become a promising tool in neurorehabilitation, offering effective physical therapy and recovery monitoring. The success of these therapies relies on precise motion control systems. Although computed torque control based on inverse dynamics provides a robust theoretical foundation, its practical application in rehabilitation is limited by its sensitivity to model accuracy, making it less effective when dealing with unpredictable payloads. To overcome these limitations, this study introduces a novel model reference computed torque controller that accounts for parametric uncertainties while optimizing computational efficiency. A dynamic model of a seven-degree-of-freedom human lower limb exoskeleton is developed, incorporating a realistic joint friction model to accurately reflect the physical behavior of the robot. To reduce computational demands, the control system is split into two loops: a slower loop that predicts joint torque requirements based on input trajectories and robot dynamics, and a faster PID loop that corrects trajectory tracking errors. Coriolis and centrifugal forces are excluded from the model due to their minimal impact on system dynamics relative to their computational cost. Experimental results show high accuracy in trajectory tracking, and statistical analyses confirm the controller’s robustness and effectiveness in handling parametric uncertainties. This approach presents a promising advancement for improving the stability and performance of exoskeleton-based neurorehabilitation.

This systematic review critically examines the adoption and integration of Human Resource Information Systems (HRIS) and Artificial Intelligence (AI) in small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), with a focus on enhancing workforce productivity and strategic decision-making. Using the PRISMA framework, 100 research articles from reputable sources such as Google Scholar, Scopus, and Web of Science were analyzed. The analysis reveals that HRIS adoption can improve employee productivity by 29%, decision-making by 20%, and operational efficiency by 26%, highlighting its transformative impact on SMEs. The review identifies major challenges, including high implementation costs, limited IT resources, and integration difficulties with AI and machine learning technologies. Despite these barriers, integrating AI into HRIS presents significant opportunities for SMEs, fostering innovation in talent management, compliance automation, and data-driven decision-making, thus creating a competitive edge in rapidly evolving markets. Actionable insights for practitioners emphasize the need for cost-effective, scalable HRIS solutions tailored to the unique operational needs of SMEs, while researchers are urged to further explore AI-driven HRIS advancements to address current gaps in workforce engagement and performance management. This review offers a comprehensive roadmap for future HRIS innovations and underscores the strategic importance of digital transformation in human resources for sustained SME competitiveness.

Objective: Fludeoxyglucose F18 positron emission tomography (FDG PET) can give early clues for diagnosing Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Our objective was to use the same scan to predict Apolipoprotein E4 (ApoE4), known to be a risk factor. A second objective was to determine the brain regions and imaging features associated with this gene allele that can potentially help elucidate the mechanisms of the disease and better comprehend the images. Method: We employed data from 112 participants from the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI). PET and structural MRI data were co-registered with ANTx, and the Freesurfer tool delineated 95 whole brain, 19 hippocampal, and 9 amygdala regions. Using PyRadiomics we extracted 120 radiomic features from these segments. We employed a hybrid feature selection strategy. The HistGradientBoosting (HGB) classifier was evaluated using stratified five-fold cross-validation. Results: The proposed radiomics model predicted the homozygous ApoE4 genotype, with an AUC of 0.945 an accuracy of 0.875, a sensitivity of 0.914, and a specificity of 0.838. Reducing the feature set to seven key features resulted in a slightly decreased performance (AUC: 0.889). The mean values of the features showed statistically significant (p<0.05) incremental deterioration between different groups of homozygous ApoE4 carriers. Conclusion: Our findings underscore the critical role of specific brain regions and associated features in differentiating ApoE4 carriers. The hippocampus, entorhinal cortex, amygdala, thalamus, and pars orbitalis exhibited significant associations with the ApoE4 genotype. By employing SHAP analysis, we identified key features driving model predictions, enhancing interpretability, and providing insights into the underlying pathophysiology.

Background/Objectives: Interest in diversity is growing worldwide. Today, understanding and social acceptance of diverse people is becoming increasingly important. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to clarify the relationship between gray matter volume (GMV), which is thought to reflect brain health, and understanding of diversity (gender, LGBTQ, and race). Methods: GMV was the value of the Gray Matter Brain Healthcare Quotient (GM-BHQ) based on MRI image analysis. Meanwhile, diversity was calculated from the answers to the psychological questions included in the World Values Survey Wave 7 (WVS7). Results: As a result of the analysis, in the group of participants with the highest understanding of diversity (PHUD. n = 11), not only the GMV at the whole brain level but also the GMV of the central executive network (CEN) and saliency network (SN) were shown to be significantly higher than the theoretical value estimated from sex, age, and BMI at the 5% level. In addition, the GMV of the default mode network (DMN) was also shown to be higher than the theoretical value at the 10% level. Meanwhile, in the group of others (n = 10), there was no significant difference from the theoretical value. These differences between PHUD and others were also observed when comparing the two. Conclusions: These results suggest that understanding diversity requires a healthy brain, centered on three networks that govern rational judgment, emotion regulation, other-awareness, self-awareness, and the valuing of actions. This is the first study to show that brain structure is related to understanding and acceptance of diverse people.

Previously, we described that Adenine, Thymine, Cytosine, and Guanine nucleobases were superconductors in a quantum superposition of phases on each side of the central Hydrogen bond acting as a Josephson Junction. Genomic DNA has two strands wrapped helically around one another, but during transcription, they are separated by the RNA polymerase II to form a molecular condensate called the transcription bubble. Successive steps involve the bubble translocation along the gene body. This work discusses how quantum information transfer and entanglement can be achieved by modeling DNA as a combination of

Despite nearly a century of research on water related issues, water erosion remains one of the greatest threats to soil health and soil ecosystem services around the world. Yet to date, data on water erosion needed to develop mitigation strategies is scarce, especially in the Sahelian regions. The current study therefore sets out to estimate annual soil losses caused by water erosion and to analyze trends over the period of 1981-2020 in the Mékrou watershed, located in the Middle Niger river sub-basin in West Africa. The revised universal soil loss equation, remote sensing and the Geographic Information System (GIS) were deployed in this study. Several types of data were used, including rainfall, soil conditions, topography and satellite images. The estimated average annual amount of water erosion in the Mékrou watershed is 6.49 t/ha/yr over 1981-2020. The dynamics of the ten-year average are highly variable, with a minimum of 3.45 t/ha/yr between 1981 and 1990, and a maximum of 8.50 t/ha/yr between 1991 and 2000. Even though these average soil losses in the Mékrou basin are below the tolerable threshold of 10 t/ha/yr, mitigation actions are needed for prevention. In addition, the spatial dynamics of water erosion are noticeably heterogeneous. The study reveals that 72.7% of the surface area of the Mékrou watershed is subject to slight water erosion below the threshold, compared with 27.3%, particularly in the mountainous south-western part, which is subject to intense erosion above the threshold.

Serpentine (Mg₃Si₂O₅(OH)₄), like quartz, dolomite and magnesite minerals, is a versatile mineral group characterized by silica and magnesium silicate contents with multiple polymorphic phases. Among the phases composed of antigorite, lizardite, and chrysotile, lizardite and chrysotile are the most prevalent phases in the serpentinites studied here. The ΣLREE/ΣHREE ratios of the samples are between 0.16 and 4 ppm. While Ce shows a strong negative anomaly (0.1–12), Eu shows a weak positive anomaly (0.1–0.3). This indicates that fluid interacts significantly with rock during serpentinization, and Highly Incompatible Elements (HIEs) gradually become involved in the serpentinization process. The large differential thermal analysis (DTA) peak at 810–830 °C is an important sign of dehydration, transformation reactions and thermal decomposition, and is com-patible with H₂O phyllosilicates in the mineral structure losing water at this temperature. In SEM images, chrysotile, which has a fibrous structure, and lizardite, which has a flat appearance, trans-form into talc as a result of dehydration with increasing temperature. Therefore, the sudden tem-perature drop observed in DTA graphs is an indicator of crystal form transformation and CO₂ loss. In this study, the mineralogical and structural properties and the formation of serpentinites were examined for the first time using thermo-gravimetric analysis methods. In addition, the mineralogical and physical properties of serpentinites can be recommended for industrial use as additives in polymers or in the adsorption of organic pollutants. As a result, the high refractory nature of examined serpentine suggests that it is well-suited for applications involving high temperatures. This includes industries such as metallurgy and steel production, glass manufacturing, ceramic production, and the chemical industry.

This study investigates the process of multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) coatings to enhance the lamp heating temperature for solar thermal absorption applications. The primary focus is studying the effects of self-organized honeycomb structures of CNTs formed on silicon substrates on different cell area ratios (CAR). The drop-casting process developed honeycomb-structured MWCNT-coated absorbers with varying CAR values ranging from ~ 60% to 17%. The optical properties were investigated within the visible (400-800 nm) and near-infrared (934-1651nm) wavelength ranges. Although fully coated MWCNT absorbers showed the lowest reflectance, honeycomb structures with a ~ 17% CAR achieved high-temperature absorption. These structures maintained 8.4% reflectance at 550 nm while dramatically increasing infrared reflection to 80.5% at 1321 nm. The performance of solar thermal was assessed throughout a range of irradiance intensities, from 0.04 W/cm² to 0.39 W/cm². The honeycomb structure with a ~17% CAR value consistently performed better than other structures by reaching the highest absorption temperatures (ranging from 52.5°C to 285.5°C) across all measured intensities. A direct correlation was observed between the reflection ratio (visible: 550 nm / infrared: 1321 nm) and temperature absorption efficiency, where lower reflection ratios were associated with higher temperature absorption. This study highlights the significant potential for the large-scale production of cost-effective solar thermal absorbers through the application of optimized honeycomb-structured absorbers coated with MWCNTs. These contributions enhance solar energy efficiency for applications in water heating and purification, thereby promoting sustainable development.

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are important targets for cannabidiol (CBD), which mediate many of its biological actions. The hypothesis of the present research assumed that PPARs affect the gut response to different challenge factors in chickens (C. perfringens vs lipopolysaccharides (LPS) from E. coli), and CBD can mediate the pathways of this response. The study proved that CBD and challenge factors significantly affect the expression level of PPARα (P=0.001) and selected genes determining gut barrier function. A positive correlation was demonstrated between PPARs and genes involved in the formation of tight junctions, immune and oxidative stress responses in chickens. Dietary supplementation with CBD actively mediated the expression rate of PPARs, but the mechanism of interaction between CBD and PPARs was different depending on the stress factor used. The addition of CBD to the birds’ diets did not contribute to reducing intestinal permeability under induced stress conditions and did not cause a stress-inducing effect resulting in the increase of cortisol and endotoxin concentration in the blood. CBD also supported the mechanisms of protecting intestinal cells from cytotoxic effects in a C. perfringens challenge. This study indicates the importance of research towards understanding the mechanisms of PPARs as a target for enhancing intestinal barrier function, provides new results on the biological action of CBD in chickens and shows a constant PPARs association with the jejunum mucosa of birds.

This paper presents a hybrid probability distribution known as the FCD, which is based on the hazard functions of the Fréchet and Chen distributions. A notable characteristic of the FCD is its ability to model monotonic (increasing and decreasing) and non-monotonic (bathtub-shaped) behaviors, commonly linked to electrical and electronic device failure times in reliability analysis. The paper explores the statistical properties relevant to the reliability analysis of these devices. It proposes a Maximum Likelihood Estimator (MLE) and Bayesian Analysis equations for estimating the parameters of the FCD. Three case studies of electronic device lifetimes with varying behaviors were analyzed to validate the proposed methodology. The FCD was compared to other distributions with similar characteristics, and the results from each case study demonstrated that the proposed distribution yields competitive outcomes, closely reflecting the behavior of the devices analyzed, making it a valuable option for reliability engineering practitioners in warranty and maintenance time evaluations

Early Endosomes represent first line sorting compartments or even organelles for internalized molecules. They enable the transport of molecules or ligands to other compartments of the cell, such as lysosomes for degradation or recycle them back to the membrane by various mechanisms. Moreover, early endosomes function as signaling and scaffolding platform to initiate or prolong distinct signaling pathways. Accordingly, early endosomes have to be recognized as either part of a degradation or recycling pathway. The physical proximity of many ligand-binding receptors with other membrane bound proteins or complexes such as NADPH oxidases may result in an interaction of second messengers like reactive oxygen species (ROS) and early endosomes that promote correct recognition of individual early endosomes. In fact, redoxosomes comprise an endosomal subsection of signaling endosomes. One example of such potential interaction is epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signaling. Here we summarize recent findings on EGFR signaling as a well-studied example for receptor trafficking and trans-activation and illustrating the interplay between cellular and endosomal ROS.

Soybean is the primary oilseed crop in the United States, with significant industrial value. Understanding the molecular mechanisms of heat stress tolerance in soybean is critical for developing stress-resistant cultivars. Current knowledge about the role of fatty acid desaturases (FADs) in modulating membrane fluidity under abiotic stress prompted this investigation into the impact of mutations in the FAD genes on seed germination from heat-stressed plants. In soybean, exposure to heat stress during anthesis is known to significantly reduce seed germination. In silico expression analysis indicated high levels of expression of the soybean FAD2 and FAD3 genes in leaves. Therefore, a detailed expression analysis of these genes was conducted using qRT-PCR from leaf tissue. Generally, downregulation of these genes was observed in the mutants; however, two genes, FAD3A and FAD2-3, showed a more than 2-fold increase in expression in six out of ten mutants under heat stress. This upregulation was particularly pronounced (7-fold) in mutant S17CR-170. Correlation analysis revealed a positive correlation (0.5) between the expression level of FAD3A, FAD3B, FAD3C, and FAD2-3 and the decline in germination from heat-stressed plants. This suggests these FAD genes may act as negative regulators of germination under heat stress conditions.

Background and Objectives: The burdened symptomatology accompanying advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is associated with poor prognosis and lower quality of life (QoL). Although both chemotherapy and immunotherapy increase survival, they are still associated with reduced functionality due to their toxicity. This study aimed to estimate the QoL and symptom burden of NSCLC patients receiving second-line chemotherapy compared to patients receiving second-line immunotherapy. Materials and Methods: This comparative, prospective study, conducted from January 2020 to December 2021, included 111 NSCLC patients who were divided into two groups: 61 patients receiving second-line chemotherapy and 50 patients receiving second-line immunotherapy. Patients QoL and symptom burden were estimated using the European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire Core 30 (EORTC QLQ C-30) (value range 0 - 100) from treatment cycle 1 to 6. Results: The QoL (mean score > 50) and functionality dimensions (mean score > 50) were moderate to good in both treatment groups, while the symptoms burden did not appear to be a serious problem (mean score < 50). From cycle 3 to cycle 5, the QoL was significantly better in the immunotherapy group. From cycle 3, role and social functioning scores were higher in the immunotherapy group, while emotional and cognitive functioning were higher from cycle 2 (p < 0.05). The chemotherapy group experienced higher levels of nausea/vomiting, constipation and financial difficulties in all cycles (p < 0.05). Fatigue and appetite loss were significantly greater from cycle 2 and insomnia was significantly greater from cycle 3. On the contrary, the immunotherapy group experienced higher levels of diarrhea in cycles 5 and 6 (p < 0.05). Conclusions: Although both therapy groups did not report significantly impaired QoL and severe symptoms, it seems that QoL improved in the immunotherapy group, which reported less symptom burden compared to the chemotherapy group.

Deflectometry is a key component in the precise measurement of specular (mirrored) surfaces, however traditional methods often lack an end-to-end approach that performs 3D reconstruction in a single shot with high accuracy and generalizes across different free-form surfaces. This paper introduces a novel deep neural network (DNN)-based approach for end-to-end 3D reconstruction of free-form specular surfaces using single-shot deflectometry. Our proposed network, VUDNet, innovatively combines discriminative and generative components to accurately interpret orthogonal fringe patterns and generate high-fidelity 3D surface reconstructions. By leveraging a hybrid architecture integrating a Variational Autoencoder (VAE) and a modified U-Net, VUDNet excels in both depth estimation and detail refinement, achieving superior performance in challenging environments. Extensive data simulation using Blender, leading to a dataset which we are making available, ensures robust training and enables the network to generalize across diverse scenarios. Experimental results demonstrate the strong performance of VUDNet, setting a new standard for 3D surface reconstruction. The implementation of VUDNet is available on GitHub at https://github.com/hadious/VUDNet.

Deflectometry is a key component in the precise measurement of specular (mirrored) surfaces, however traditional methods often lack an end-to-end approach that performs 3D reconstruction in a single shot with high accuracy and generalizes across different free-form surfaces. This paper introduces a novel deep neural network (DNN)-based approach for end-to-end 3D reconstruction of free-form specular surfaces using single-shot deflectometry. Our proposed network, VUDNet, innovatively combines discriminative and generative components to accurately interpret orthogonal fringe patterns and generate high-fidelity 3D surface reconstructions. By leveraging a hybrid architecture integrating a Variational Autoencoder (VAE) and a modified U-Net, VUDNet excels in both depth estimation and detail refinement, achieving superior performance in challenging environments. Extensive data simulation using Blender, leading to a dataset which we are making available, ensures robust training and enables the network to generalize across diverse scenarios. Experimental results demonstrate the strong performance of VUDNet, setting a new standard for 3D surface reconstruction. The implementation of VUDNet is available on GitHub at https://github.com/hadious/VUDNet.

The advent of the digital age has introduced unprecedented opportunities for communication and connectivity, but it has also given rise to new forms of harassment, collectively termed cyber harassment. This research article provides an in-depth exploration of cyber harassment, examining its prevalence, the profound impact it has on victims, and potential solutions to mitigate its effects.The study is structured around three primary research objectives. Firstly, it investigates the psychological impact of cyber harassment on victims, highlighting the severe emotional and mental health consequences that can arise from such abuse. Secondly, the article scrutinizes the role of social media platforms in both facilitating and combating cyber harassment, analyzing how these platforms can act as both enablers of harassment and as venues for intervention. Thirdly, the research evaluates the current legal frameworks and responses to cyber harassment, considering their effectiveness and suggesting possible improvements. Recent research findings and diverse methodologies are integrated to provide a comprehensive understanding of the multi-faceted nature of cyber harassment. By addressing these key areas, the article aims to contribute to the development of more effective strategies to prevent and respond to cyber harassment, ultimately fostering a safer online environment.

Despite the role of metabolism in breast cancer metastasis, we still cannot predict which breast tumors will progress to distal metastatic lesions or remain dormant. This work uses metabolic imaging to study breast cancer cell lines (4T1, 4T07, and 67NR) with differing metastatic potential in a 3D collagen gel bioreactor system. Within the bioreactor, hyperpolarized magnetic resonance spectroscopy (HP-MRS) is used to image lactate/pyruvate ratios, while fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM) of endogenous metabolites measures metabolism at the cellular scale. HP-MRS results showed no lactate peak for 67NR and a comparatively large lactate/pyruvate ratio for both 4T1 and 4T07 cell lines, suggestive of greater pyruvate utilization with greater metastatic potential. Similar patterns were observed using FLIM with significant increases in FAD intensity, redox ratio, and NAD(P)H lifetime. The lactate/pyruvate ratio was strongly correlated to NAD(P)H lifetime, consistent with the role of NADH as an electron donor for the glycolytic pathway, suggestive of an overall upregulation of metabolism (both glycolytic and oxidative), for the 4T07 and 4T1 cell lines compared to the non-metastatic 67NR cell line. These findings support a complementary role for HP-MRS and FLIM enabled by a novel collagen gel bioreactor system to investigate metastatic potential and cancer metabolism.

The region of Lorraine in France witnessed the collapse of the steel industries in the late twentieth century, causing massive job losses and social devastation. Daewoo Electronics, a division of one of the great Korean conglomerates of the 1980s and 1990s, came to Lorraine in eastern France in 1987. They were lured there by generous French government subsidies and the chance to enter the European market. They opened three factories in consumer electronics and components, and also nearly acquired Thomson Multimédia, a state-owned consumer electronics factory, from the French government “for a single symbolic franc.” The resulting uproar, from political opponents and Thomson and Daewoo employees, ended the deal and soured their relationship with France. Daewoo employed just over a thousand people before they closed in 2003, a result of the collapse of the entire Daewoo Group. This article places this sequence of events, widely covered in the media, in the context of French anxiety about globalization, the loss of industrial substance, and France’s place in a changing world. It is suggested that this episode, occurring at a critical juncture in the transformation of industrial capitalism into a service and digital economy, illustrates the difficulties of this period and the media coverage of factory closings.

Diabetic cardiac autonomic neuropathy (DCAN) is a severe complication of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) characterized by autonomic nerve fiber dysfunction in the heart and blood vessels. This study aimed to elucidate the histopathological mechanisms underlying DCAN and evaluate the therapeutic potential of MCC950, an NLRP3 inflammasome inhibitor, in a Wistar rat model. Male Wistar rats were divided into control and T1DM groups, with diabetes induced by streptozotocin (STZ) injection. Following confirmation of DCAN through elevated serum noradrenaline levels, diabetic rats were subdivided into positive control (insulin-treated), treatment (MCC950), and untreated groups. The stellate ganglia, thoracic aorta, and left ventricle were dissected for histological examination using Haematoxylin and Eosin (H&E) and Masson Trichrome staining. STZ-induced hyperglycemia was evident by Week 2 and sustained throughout the study. Serum noradrenaline levels significantly increased by Week 14 in diabetic rats, indicating DCAN onset. Histological analysis revealed atrophy in stellate ganglia, endothelial damage in the thoracic aorta, and myocardial fibrosis in untreated diabetic rats. MCC950 treatment preserved ganglionic structure, mitigated vascular damage, and reduced myocardial fibrosis, demonstrating its potential in attenuating DCAN progression. These findings highlight MCC950 as a promising therapeutic agent for DCAN by targeting inflammation and preserving autonomic and cardiovascular function. Further investigations are warranted to validate MCC950’s efficacy in human trials, with the potential to improve clinical outcomes for T1DM patients at risk of DCAN.

This study investigates the compressive strength and workability of concrete incorporating coconut shells and bamboo strips as alternative aggregates. The research compares traditional concrete to concrete mixtures with varying percentages of coconut shells and bamboo strips. Specifically, the study examines the effects of adding 10% coconut shell, 10% bamboo strip, and a combination of 5% coconut shell and 5% bamboo strip by volume to the concrete mix, tested in both C20 and C30 grades. To prepare the materials, coconut shells and bamboo strips were first crushed and then sieved. The sieving process retained particles that passed through a 10mm sieve but were retained on a 4.7mm sieve. The primary focus of the experimental tests was on measuring the compressive strength of the resulting concrete mixtures. The findings indicate that concrete incorporating coconut shells showed moderate workability. In contrast, concrete with bamboo strips exhibited lower workability. Regarding compressive strength, the concrete mix containing a combination of 5% coconut shell and 5% bamboo strips demonstrated a reduction in strength compared to the control group of normal concrete. This research highlights the potential of using coconut shells and bamboo strips as sustainable alternatives in concrete construction. While the workability varies between the different materials, the results provide valuable insights into their suitability for specific applications. This encourages further exploration of eco-conscious building practices and the development of sustainable construction materials.

Background/Objectives: The pediatric definition of severe obesity (OB) depends on the body mass index (BMI) references. We evaluated different BMI derived metrics of the World Health Organization (WHO) system to define which cut-off is associated with the highest cardiometabolic risk (CMR); Methods: In this multicentric study data were obtained by 3727 youths (1937 boys; 2225 children, 1502 adolescents. severe OB was defined as BMI &gt;99th percentile (BMI99), BMI97 ≥120% or BMI Z-score &gt; 3 (WHO tables). The continuous CMR Z-score (sum of residual standardized for age and sex of waist-to-height ratio, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, triglycerides, and HDL-Cholesterol x -1) and the cluster of at least two CMR factors (hypertension, high triglycerides, low HDL-Cholesterol and high waist-to-height ratio) were calculated; Results: Continuous CMR Z-score was significantly higher both in children or adolescents with severe OB defined by 120% BMI97 compared to BMI &gt;99th (p &lt;0.0001), while it was lower only in adolescents with severe OB defined by 120% BMI97 compared to BMI Z-score &gt;3 (p &lt;0.0001). Compared to BMI97 ≥120%, BMI Z-score &gt;3 had higher specificity, but lower sensitivity in identifying children and adolescents with clustered CMR factors; Conclusions: The definition of severe OB based on BMI97 ≥120% is superior to BMI99 but it is inferior to BMI Z score &gt;3 as far as the association between severe OB and CMR factors is concerned. Pediatricians should take into consideration the implications of the use of different BMI metrics in those countries that recommend the WHO system.

Background: This study introduces a novel dexamethasone (DEX) mixed micellar system (DEX-MM) using Soluplus® and Pluronic F-127 (PF127) to enhance ocular drug delivery. The enhancement of ocular application properties was achieved by creating a chitosan-coated DEX-MM (DEX-CMM), which promotes better adherence to the ocular surface, thereby improving drug absorption; Methods: Using the solvent evaporation method, a formulation was developed with a Soluplus® to drug ratio of 1:10, enhanced with 0.25% PF127. After dispersing in water, 1% chitosan (CS) was added. The stability and integrity of DEX within the micelles were verified using attenuated total reflection-fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Additionally, in vitro and ex vivo drug release studies were con-ducted; Results: DEX-CMM (F6) demonstrated a particle size of 151.9±1 nm and a polydispersity index (PDI) of 0.168±0.003, suggesting uniformity and high electrostatic stability with a zeta po-tential of +35.96±2.13 mV. The non-Fickian drug release mechanism indicated prolonged drug retention. Comparative analyses showed DEX-CMM outperforming a standard DEX suspension in drug release and ocular tissue permeation, with flux measurements significantly higher than the DEX suspension; Conclusion: The study confirmed the efficacy of DEX-CMM in enhancing drug delivery to ocular tissues, evidenced by improved permeability. Safety evaluations using the HET-CAM test demonstrated that DEX-CMM was non-irritant, supporting its potential for effective ocular drug delivery.

As sequencing technologies advance, short DNA sequence fragments increasingly serve as DNA barcodes for species identification. Rapid acquisition of DNA sequences from diverse organisms is now possible, highlighting the increasing significance of DNA sequence analysis tools in species identification. This study introduces a new approach for species classification with DNA barcodes based on an ensemble of deep neural networks (DNN). Several techniques are proposed and empirically evaluated for converting raw DNA sequence data into images fed into the DNNs. The best-performing approach is obtained by representing each pair of DNA bases with the value of a related physicochemical property. By utilizing different physicochemical properties, we can create an ensemble of networks. Our proposed ensemble obtains state-of-the-art performance on both simulated and real data sets. The code of the proposed approach is available at https://github.com/LorisNanni/AI-powered-Biodiversity-Assessment-Species-Classification-via-DNA-Barcoding-and-Deep-Learning .

Structural integrity of buried pipelines is threatened by the effects of Permanent Ground Deformation (PGD), resulting from seismic-induced landslides and lateral spreading due to liquefaction parallel to the pipeline axis, requiring accurate analysis of the system performance. Analytical fragility functions allow to estimate the likelihood of seismic damage along the pipeline, supporting design engineers and network operators in prioritizing resource allocation for mitigative or remedial measures in spatially distributed lifeline systems. To efficiently and accurately evaluate the seismic fragility of buried operating steel pipeline under longitudinal PGD, this study develops an analytical model considering the asymmetric pipeline material behavior in tension and compression under varying operational loads. The validated model is further implemented within a fragility function calculation framework based on Monte Carlo Simulation (MCS), allowing to assess the probability of exceedance of the pipeline performance limit states conditioned to the intensity of PGD. The evaluated fragility surfaces showed that the pipeline probability of exceeding the performance criteria increases for larger soil displacement and lengths, as well as cover depths, because of the greater mobilized soil reaction counteracting pipeline deformation. Additionally, the performed Global Sensitivity Analysis (GSA) highlighted the influence of the PGD and soil-pipeline interaction parameters, as well as the effect of the service loads on structural performance, requiring proper consideration in pipeline system modeling and design. Finally, the proposed analytical fragility function calculation framework provides a useful methodology for effectively assessing the performance of operating pipelines under longitudinal PGD, quantifying the effect of the uncertain parameters impacting structural response.

Biliary tract cancers (BTCs) are aggressive in nature, often presenting asymptomatically until they are diagnosed at an advanced stage. Surgical resection or liver transplantation are potential curative options. However, a large proportion of patients present with incurable locally advanced or metastatic disease and most of these patients are only eligible for palliative chemotherapy or best supportive care. More recently, targeted therapies have proven beneficial in a molecularly selected subgroup of patients with cholangiocarcinoma who have progressed on previous lines of systemic treatment. However, only a minority of patients with BTCs whose tumours harbour specific molecular alterations can access these therapies. Antibody drug conjugates (ADCs) are novel anti-cancer therapies designed to minimise challenges of systemic drug distribution and are currently being investigated in multiple types of malignancies, after failure of standard therapeutic options. This review outlines the mechanism of action of ADCs and the current research in this field in various cancer types, including BTCs.

This study investigates how traumatic injuries alter joint movements in the ankle and foot. We used a brain injury model in rats, focusing on the hippocampus between the CA1 and dentate gyrus. We assessed the dissimilarity factor (DF) and vertical displacement (VD) of the ankle and metatarsus joints before and after the hippocampal lesion. We analyzed joint movements in rats after the injury or in rats treated with resveratrol, exercise, or a combination of both. Resveratrol facilitated the recovery of DF in both legs, showing improvements in the ankle and metatarsus joints on the third- and seventh days post-injury. The hippocampal lesion affected VD in both legs, observed on the third or seventh day after the injury. Both exercise and resveratrol partially recovered VD in the ankle and metatarsus joints on these days. These effects may be linked to increased hippocampal neurogenesis and reduced neuroinflammation. The study highlights the benefits of resveratrol and exercise in motor recovery following brain injury, suggesting their potential to enhance the quality of life for patients with neurological disorders affecting motor function and locomotion. These findings also suggest that resveratrol could offer a promising or complementary alternative in managing chronic pain and inflammation associated with orthopedic conditions, thus improving overall patient management.

The pH dependence of the free energy level of the flash induced primary charge pair P+IA– was determined by combination of the results from indirect charge recombination of P+QA– and from delayed fluorescence of the excited dimer (P*) in reaction center of photosynthetic bacterium Rhodobacter sphaeroides where the native ubiquinone at the primary quinone binding site QA was replaced by low potential anthraquinone derivatives. The following observations were made: 1) The free energy state of P+IA– was pH independent below pH 10 (–370 ± 10 meV relative to that of the excited dimer P*) and showed remarkable decrease (about 20 meV/pH unit) above pH 10. A not insignificant part of the dielectric relaxation of the P+IA– charge pair (about 120 meV) should come from protonation related changes. 2) The single exponential decay character of the kinetics proves that the protonated/unprotonated P+IA– and P+QA– states are in equilibria and the rate constants of protonation konH +koffH is much larger than that of the charge back reaction kback ~103 s-1. 3) Highly similar pH profiles were measured for the free energy states of P+QA– and P+IA–, indicating that the same acidic cluster around QB should response to both anionic species. This was supported by model calculations based on anticooperative proton distribution in the cluster with key residues of GluL212, AspL213, AspM17 and GluH173 and on effect of polarization of the aqueous phase on the electrostatic interaction. The larger distance of IA– from the cluster (25.2 Å) than that of QA‒ (14.5 Å) is compensated by smaller effective dielectric constant (6.5 ± 0.5 and 10.0 ± 0.5, respectively). 4) The P* → P+QA− and IA‒QA → IAQA− electron transfers are enthalpy driven reactions with exemption of very large (>60%) or negligible entropic contributions in cases of substitution by 2,3-dimethyl-AQ or 1-chloro-AQ, respectively. The possible structural consequences are discussed.

The broad adoption of information and communication technology and the shift to a fully digital society are together referred to as the "digital revolution." Similar to how the first industrial revolution affected western nations in the 19th century, the digital revolution has the power to drastically develop and transform Africa. The majority of African nations, if not all of them, are still searching for answers to the political, social, and educational issues that their citizens deal with. The principal objectives of the research were to ascertain the obstacles and possible patterns in African nations concerning the execution of STEM education and 4IR across the region, in addition to offering a plan and approach for doing so. In order to explore the sought papers and find answers to the research questions, the study employed the archival research study process. The results show that certain patterns that were adopted in Africa must be cooperatively adopted throughout the continent.

Genetic engineering has revolutionized our ability to modify microorganisms for various applications in agriculture, medicine, and industry. This review examines recent advances in genetic engineering techniques for bacteria, fungi, and oomycetes, with a focus on CRISPR-Cas systems. In bacteria, CRISPR-Cas9 has enabled precise genome editing, enhancing applications in antibiotic production and metabolic engineering. For fungi, despite challenges associated with their complex cell structures, CRISPR/Cas9 has advanced the production of enzymes and secondary metabolites. In oomycetes, significant plant pathogens, modified Agrobacterium-mediated transformation and CRISPR/Cas12a have contributed to developing disease-resistant crops. The review provides a comparative analysis of genetic engineering efficiencies across these microorganisms and addresses ethical and regulatory considerations. Future research directions include refining genetic tools to improve efficiency and expand applicability in non-model organisms. This comprehensive overview highlights the transformative potential of genetic engineering in microbiology and its implications for addressing global challenges in agriculture, medicine, and biotechnology.

Alignment of picornavirus proteinase/polymerase sequences reveals this family evolved into five ‘supergroups’. Interestingly, the nature of the 2A region of the picornavirus polyprotein is highly correlated with this phylogeny. Viruses within supergroup 4, the Paavivirinae, have complex 2A regions with many viruses encoding multiple 2A^NPGP sequences. In vitro transcription/translation analyses of a synthetic polyprotein comprising green fluorescent protein (GFP) linked to b-glucuronidase (GUS) via individual 2A^NPGPs showed two main phenotypes: highly active 2A^NPGP sequences - similar to Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus 2A^NPGP and, surprisingly, a novel phenotype of some 2A^NPGP sequences which apparently terminate translation at the C-terminus of 2A^NPGP - without detectable re-initiation of downstream sequences (GUS). Probing databases with the short sequences between 2A^NPGPs did not reveal any potential ‘accessory’ functions. The novel, highly active, 2A-like sequences we identified substantially expands the toolbox for biomedical / biotechnological co-expression applications.

This work refers to sustainability (SDG - Sustainable Development Goals) highlighting the idea of ​​harmony of life along the lines of the biological model at various levels and of nature alike, thus defining the concept of bioharmonism. The purpose of this paradigm is to find a way of transition in the contemporary societal change, connecting the natural sciences, more precisely the life sciences, with the social sciences, more concretely along the lines of holistic approaches to the evolution of human society. The objective of this point of view is related to sustainability, resilience and planetary health, which indicates the need to analyse planetary bioharmony and transpose the model to the structure and functionality of human society through the complex, unitary and coherent approach of the bioharmonization process. The study analyses the issue, through: the definition and role of societal bioharmonism, then the argument related to the transition to another world using the proposed path, based on specific notions, principles and laws, and finally, the description of some lines of application of the pillars of bioharmonism. A series of solutions are highlighted that can contribute conceptually to the evolution of contemporary society, to the convergence of anthroposystems with ecosystems by interconnecting the aspects of the biological revolution with those specific to the information age. The solutions aim at societal bioharmonization supported by its specific pillars, which through integration and emergence lead to a dynamic balance. The state of equilibrium, sustainability can be highlighted at a systemic level by the directions of action in which the bioharmonization complementarities that indicate the Environment and biodiversity in the economic equation, the Citizen in the social equation and Science in the political equation will be taken into account.

In this brief overview, we delve into the world of library consortia. As stewards of knowledge and resources, understanding the dynamics of these collaborative entities is crucial in today’s evolving library landscape. A library consortium is a group of Libraries who partner to coordinate activities, share resources, and combine expertise. This paper is mainly highlights for consortia definition, needs, features, functions, models, prerequisite for library consortia formation, library consortia in India, consortia may focus on and challenges of library consortia.

Cervical mesonephric ductal adenocarcinoma (MA) is a HPV-independent adenocarcinoma that originates from remnants of the wolffian duct in the male reproductive system during fetal development and occurs in middle-aged women. MA is a rare disease that accounts for less than 1% of all cervical adenocarcinomas. We report a case of MA in which abdominal radical hysterectomy(ARH) was performed after neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC). The patient was a 66-year-old woman with abnormal genital bleeding. A colposcopy examination revealed macroscopic invasive cancer. A pelvic MRI scan revealed a 53 × 26 mm tumor in the cervix, and the histological diagnosis of the cervix was endometrioid carcinoma, with the diagnosis being cervical adenocarcinoma cT1b3N0M0. One course of NAC with paclitaxel-carboplatin (PC) was administered to shrink the tumor and stop the bleeding, and ARH was performed. Postoperative histopathological diagnosis was MA. The surgical margins of the resected specimen were negative, and NAC had been effective, so the patient underwent five courses of PC therapy after surgery. There has been no recurrence 12 months after surgery. There is no established standard treatment, but there are reports that PC therapy is effective. It is necessary to search for effective treatments by following up and accumulating further cases.

Objective: This study aimed to analyze the general characteristics, job stress, burnout, and turnover intentions of Clinical Research Associates (CRAs). Our objective was to provide a reference point for devising strategies to reduce CRA turnover and burnout rates. Methods: A descriptive, quantitative, and correlative research design was used. A total of 126 CRAs completed a questionnaire that consisted of 115 items, with 21 items on general characteristics, 60 items on occupation-al role, and 10 items on personal strain in job stress. The Burnout Inventory scale was used to investigate 22 items of burnout, and turnover intentions was measured using a 5-item scale. Results: Of the 126 participants, 63 (50%) answered that they intended to leave their job within 1 year & the most of participants were nurse (n = 56, 44.4%). Job stress related to the occupational role of CRA’s vocational stress (r = 0.518), burnout (r = 0.406), and turnover intention (r = 0.181) of personal strain were correlated with each other. Job stress due to personal strain had an explanatory power of 18.7% as a factor influencing turnover intention. Conclusions: To reduce the turnover intention of CRAs, who play an important role in clinical research, it is necessary to find ways to re-duce job stress and burnout.

Background/Objectives: Burn lesions damage the skin's outermost defensive layer, allowing pathogenic microbes including Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli to infiltrate. Silver sulfadiazine (SSD) is an effective antibacterial agent approved by U.S. Food and Drug Administration (US-FDA) and is considered as the gold standard for burn wound treatment. Despite the high degree of efficacy of SSD in burn wound management, it possesses some drawbacks, such as poor solubility, low topical bioavailability and skin irritations. The present study endeavours to develop nanosuspension based SSD nanogel for improving the deliverability of SSD and its therapeutic outcomes for the management of partial thickness burn; Methods: The SSD nanosuspension was formulated employing controlled nanoprecipitation approach using various surfactants; Results: The formulation was optimized utilizing one-factor-at-a-time approach and to fetch the optimized formulation of 134.6 nm size. The optimized nanosuspension was incorporated into chitosan gel that offer superior drug release potential, and also offered better spreadability (5.21 ± 0.38g) and extrudability (152.27 ± 0.22 gm) that represents the easy application over the skin and extrusion of gel from the tube; Conclusions: The formulation was well tolerated as shown by skin irritation study and offered a superior burn lesion healing characteristics vis-à-vis the marketed product, even at a lower concentration. Hence, the formulation offers a huge potential in enhancing the clinical outcomes of SSD, especially in the management of partial thickness burn. The developed system with the above mentioned outcomes could be a promising delivery system for partial thickness burn wound management.

This study presents polyaniline (PANI) synthesis and characterization using a novel acid-assisted polymerization technique. Two PANI suspensions with different ammonium peroxydisulfate (APS) concentrations were synthesized at room temperature, i.e. the ratio of aniline to APS was 10:1 for PANI1 and 5:1 for PANI2. SEM measurements revealed distinct structures: a porous nanofibrillar structure for PANI1 and a densely packed structure for PANI2. The electrochemical performance of the fabricated PANI/glassy carbon (GC) electrodes was evaluated using a three-electrode cell configuration in the scan rates of 10 mV/s and 30 mV/s. The PANI1/GC heterostructure exhibited a specific capacitance of 160 F/g, while this value increased to 407 for the PANI2/GC. This research contributes not only to the understanding of PANI synthesis at room temperature but also to its potential applications in electrochemical energy storage devices.

Stock price prediction is of great significance but faces numerous challenges. In this study, a hybrid CNN-LSTM model was utilized. The stock data were processed and feature engineering was conducted. The model architecture and training strategies were expounded. Experimental results demonstrated that this model outperformed traditional methods and benchmark models on the test set, featuring strong capabilities in feature extraction and handling long-term dependencies. Key roles of data preprocessing, hyperparameter adjustment, and model fusion were also summarized, providing valuable references for stock price prediction.

Fluid overload significantly increases morbidity and mortality in critically ill children. Following hematopoietic cell transplant (HCT), children are at high risk of fluid ac-cumulation due to essential increased fluid intake for nutrition, blood products, and antimicrobials. In addition, many complications predispose these children to capillary leak and fluid overload (FO), such as sinusoidal obstruction syndrome, engraftment syndrome, sepsis, and acute kidney injury (AKI). FO>10 % occurs in nearly half of children following HCT and is associated with a lower PICU survival rate. In addition, in children with acute respiratory failure post HCT, each 1% increase in cumulative fluid balance on d 3 increased the odds of PICU mortality by 3%. Furthermore, FO worsens AKI. Tools such as the renal angina index and urinary biomarkers such as neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin can help identify patients at risk of AKI and FO. Early detection, prevention, and intervention are crucial to improving outcome in this population. Management strategies include fluid restriction, diuretics, and continuous kidney replacement therapy (CKRT) when FO exceeds 10% and other measures have failed. Children with FO > 10% at CKRT initiation were 6.16 times more likely to die than were those with FO ≤ 10%.

In this study, 3-trimethoxy-silylpropane-1-thiol (MPTMS) was used as a surface modifier for Al2O3 powder to systematically analyze the effects of MPTMS concentration on the rheological properties, photocuring characteristics, and 3D printing performance of photocurable composite slurries. MPTMS concentration significantly influenced the rheological behavior of the slurry. Slurries containing 2 wt.% and 5 wt.% MPTMS exhibited a wide linear viscoelastic range (LVR). However, at concentrations of 10 wt.% and 20 wt.%, the LVR range narrowed, which led to reduced dispersion stability. In dispersion stability tests, the slurry with 2 wt.% MPTMS showed the most stable dispersion, while the 5 wt.% MPTMS concentration exhibited the highest photocuring rate. In 3D printing experiments, the 5 wt.% MPTMS concentration resulted in the most stable printed structures, whereas printing failures occurred with the 2 wt.% concentration. At 10 wt.% and 20 wt.%, internal cracking was observed, leading to structural defects. In conclusion, MPTMS forms silane bonds on the Al2O3 surface, significantly impacting the stability, rheological properties, and printing quality of Al2O3-acrylate composite slurries. An MPTMS concentration of 5 wt.% was found to be optimal, contributing to the formation of stable and robust structures.

Background: Upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC) presents significant challenges in prognostication due to its rarity and complex anatomy. This study introduces a novel approach integrating perirenal fat (PRF) radiomics with clinical factors to enhance prognostic accuracy in UTUC. Methods: The study retrospectively analysed 103 UTUC patients who underwent radical nephroureterectomy. PRF radiomics features were extracted from preoperative CT scans using a semi-automated segmentation method. Three prognostic models were developed: clinical, ra-diomics, and combined. Model performance was assessed using concordance index (C-index), time-dependent Area Under the Curve (AUC), and integrated Brier score. Results: The combined model demonstrated superior performance (C-index: 0.784, 95% CI: 0.707-0.861) compared to the radiomics (0.759, 95% CI: 0.678-0.840) and clinical (0.653, 95% CI: 0.547-0.759) models. Time-dependent AUC analysis revealed the radiomics model's particular strength in short-term prognosis (12-month AUC: 0.9281), while the combined model excelled in long-term predictions (60-month AUC: 0.8403). Key PRF radiomics features showed stronger prognostic value than traditional clinical factors. Conclusions: Integration of PRF radiomics with clinical data significantly improves prognostic accuracy in UTUC. This approach offers a more nuanced analysis of the tumour microenvironment, potentially capturing early signs of tumour invasion not visible through conventional imaging. The semi-automated PRF segmentation method presents advantages in reproducibility and ease of use, facilitating potential clinical implementation.

The development of intelligent medical service robots for patient care presents significant chal-lenges, particularly in integrating diverse knowledge sources and enabling robots to autono-mously perform tasks in dynamic and unpredictable healthcare environments. This study in-troduces a novel framework that combines large language models (LLMs) with healthcare-specific knowledge and robotic operations to enhance autonomous task execution for a Robotic Health Attendant (RHA). Utilizing OpenAI’s ChatGPT, the RHA processes structured information about patient care protocols and unstructured human inputs to generate context-aware robot actions. A prototype system was tested in a simulated patient room where the RHA successfully performed both simple individual actions and complex tasks involving the execution of multiple actions, based on real-time dialogues with the LLM and predefined task specifications. The results demonstrate the potential of LLMs to reduce the reliance on hardcoded logic and provide healthcare professionals with the ability to interact with robotic systems through natural lan-guage.

Background/Objective: Adequate serum vitamin D levels are essential for overall health, particularly in preventing oropharyngeal infections. This study aims to explore the relationship between serum vitamin D (25(OH)D3) levels and the prevalence of oropharyngeal diseases—specifically rhinosinusitis, otitis media, and nasopharyngitis—in patients at a private specialist medical clinic. Materials and Methods: The study involved 311 patients with an average age of 15.96±15.06 years. Statistical analyses, including Student's t-test and chi-square test, were conducted to evaluate the significance of the findings. Results: Nasopharyngitis was highly prevalent, affecting 83.27% of participants, with higher recurrence rates in those with lower vitamin D levels (p=0.001). Otitis media was present in 53.37% of cases, while rhinosinusitis was less common and more frequently associated with higher vitamin D levels. Patients with behavioral disorders had significantly higher mean vitamin D levels (34.82 ng/mL ±11.85) compared to those without (28.49 ng/mL ±14.37) (p=0.001). Conclusion: Lower serum vitamin D levels are associated with an increased incidence of oropharyngeal diseases. This study highlights the importance of maintaining optimal vitamin D levels for pediatric health and suggests that higher vitamin D levels may reduce the risk of oropharyngeal infections.

Agriculture is the major economic source for the national GDP of Nepal, where the larger population of smallholder farmers engage in farming and grow few major crops using limited resources. According to recent data, agriculture production is declining gradually in contrast to the exponential population growth rate. Also, Rural populations are shifting towards urban areas resulting in numerous challenges and problems of food insecurity and malnutrition. However, the major reason behind malnutrition all over the globe is due to monocropping. Agriculture diversification is the strategic approach to overcome these challenges. We articulate two theories of Utility-Maximization theory and Entitlement theory to build a new theory of Utility-entitlement, which helps explain the relationship and causes related to agriculture diversification and food variety in Nepal. The secondary data were collected from the Nepal Household Risk and Vulnerability Panel Survey conducted over three years (2016-18). We use the Simpson diversification index, food consumption score, and linear regression model as a method of analysis. The result reveals that Agriculture diversification and dietary diversity have a highly positive significant relationship, and the major factor associated with this is Market access. Upland type, canal or rainfed irrigation, and market access are the factors for agriculture diversification. As a policy recommendation, the government and development sector should focus on a geographical approach- an upland area, especially during the dry cropping season facilitated with infrastructure and transportation for easy market access.

The "agroecological transition" has emerged as a framework that aims to explain the complex changes taking place in agrifood systems. This study offers a mapping of the emergence of this framework, and aims to demonstrate that the “agroecological transition” can refer to different perspectives beyond the simple combination of two concepts. We carried out a bibliometric analysis of 298 articles (2012 - 2023), searched under the command "agroecologic* transition*". We used VOSviewer software, which is able to reveal clusters of co-citations of the most cited authors and articles. This result, in turn, indicates the existence of different perspectives on the use of "agroecological transitions". Four clusters were found: "Techniques and Practices", represented by articles that document the agroecological transition as an expression of specific agricultural techniques and practices; “Transition Theory", which employs the emerging theory and its conceptual contributions; "Transition Criteria", which involves the use of criteria to monitor the transition; "Political and Social", made up of articles that explore the political and social movement dimension of agroecology. Each of these clusters, and their approaches, contribute different interpretations of agroecology itself, indicating the emergence of a new framework capable of attributing new meanings to it.

The modern Historicism is plagued by its non-scientific appropriation – rightfully so, if we consider the genocidal proclivities that have defined the post-modern era to act on a perceived justification for the historical process, then the philosophy is little more than a falsely asserted and criminal interpretation made by taxonomists and romanticists. Yet, it should be noted that the study retains significant value in the discussion of Epochs, but its pertinence is represented in degrees of unknowable ideas and uncertainties. This article introduces two new, pragmatic constituent studies of Historicism such that it is reformed in the context of indeterminacy and an expected, non-processional characterization becomes forefront to the study.

With the ever-growing geopolitical tensions across borders arising, ultimately from the eternal energy needs, it is the peak time for humanity to put its reliance on a more quasi-perpetuity source of energy, such as the Sun. Even though current photovoltaics are the frontier of solar power harvesting, their efficiencies are reaching a state of stasis sooner or later. The efficiencies of single-junction solar cells are capped by the Shockley-Quiesser limit of 33.7%. Researchers are racing toward a way to beat this limit while keeping the Levelized Cost of Energy (LCE) to its minimum. Amongst all contenders, rectenna (or rectifying antenna), which was invented only a decade after the first practical PV cell by the Bells lab [1], is the most promising technology to take the forefront in quenching the energy needs, not only because of the absence of any such theoretical limit but also a lower cost of production. This report will review three state-of-the-art architectures for optical rectification developed by the leading groups worldwide. The review will compile a concise discussion on Metal-Double-Insulator-Metal diodes, CNT-Insulator-Metal diodes, and Point-contact-Metal-Insulator-Metal diodes, with an elaborative focus on their fabrication methods and results obtained.

The genotype by environment interaction (G×E) might have crucial impacts on the performance and fitness of agricultural species, such as Pacific white leg shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei). This study explores how enhancements in management practices can counteract G×E effects on growth traits. We analysed a selectively bred population of white leg shrimp spanning the latest two generations, encompassing 259 full-sib and half-sib families with 40,862 individual shrimp measured for body weight and total length. Our analysis revealed moderate genetic correlations (0.60 – 0.65) between trait expressions in pond and tank environments, a significant improvement compared to earlier generations. Employing the average information-restricted maximum likelihood (REML) approach in mixed model analysis showed significant differences in heritability (h2) estimates between the two environments; however, the extent of these differences varied by trait (h2 = 0.68 in pond vs. 0.37 in tank for weight, and 0.41 vs. 0.67 for length). Our results indicate that G×E effects on growth traits in this population of L. vannamei were moderate but biologically significant. Consistent with our previous estimates in this population, genetic correlations between body weight and total length remained high (close to one) in pond and tank environments. Our findings collectively demonstrate that management improvements targeting stocking density, aeration, water quality, feeds, and feeding regimes mitigated the G×E effects on two economically significant traits in this population of white leg shrimp.

Cultural differences between nations lessens the degree of commerce and interactions that are performed. This could cause degredation in economic shifts, which could alter and devestate the lives of many people.

This paper presents the validation of a numerical method for quantifying the physical quality parameters of apples through a comparative analysis with a traditional measurement method. The numerical method was applied to determine the parameters of batches of Kazakh apples according to standard requirements, using image analysis of apples. Five common varieties of Kazakh apples were selected: Aport Alexander, Ainur, Sinap Almatynski, Nursat and Kazakhski Yubileinyi. The geometric parameters of the apples and the percentage of red in the images were determined. The parameters of the 5 apple varieties were processed and measured both manually and digitally, revealing a close agreement between the obtained values. The developed digital method achieved high accuracy in determining the (diameters (d) and (D) in two perpendicular planes and height (h) of each apple), with maximum relative errors of 2.99% for (d), 3.03%, and 4.12% for the (h), and (D) parameters, respectively. Regression models were developed to determine and predict the mass and volume of apples via the digital method. The best results for the apple weight prediction were obtained for Sinap Almatynski variety by stepwise linear regression, and for the apple volume prediction were obtained for Nursat variety by linear regression. Regression equations for mass, volume and geometric dimensions constitute the basis for the development of a small instrument for automatically sorting apples by commercial variety.

Since engineering discipline is at the forefront of latest innovations and developments, there is an increasing emphasis on the critical responsibilities of engineers towards sustainability. There are several studies investigating the incorporation of sustainability principles into engineering curriculum but studies analyzing the knowledge, attitude, and behavior of engineering students are lacking. A deeper understanding of the current state of students’ knowledge, attitude, and behavior towards sustainability is crucial to determine the type of pro-sustainability trainings, strategies and pedagogical activities needed. Hence, the current study is aimed at assessing the level of sustainability cognizance of Mechanical Engineering students via an online Sustainability Consciousness Questionnaire. The final sample size was 134 students from a Higher Education Institute in India with 90% male responders and 52% from urban areas. Results indicate that 70% of the respondents have heard of the Sustainable Development Goals, only around 32% of the students demonstrate a positive behavior and attitude towards sustainability whereas 30% of the students do not hold any opinion towards sustainability principles. The current exploratory study contributes to the knowledge base about sustainability awareness and consciousness and advocates for measures to insert its principles in engineering courses.

The increasing demand for agricultural automation within the precision agriculture sector necessitates the development of advanced robotic systems to enhance efficiency in fruit harvesting. This study presents the Computer-Aided Design (CAD) and modeling of a 4-degree-of-freedom (DOF) robotic arm specifically designed for automated fruit harvesting applications. Utilizing Fusion 360 software, a comprehensive model has been created, encompassing material selection, stress analysis, and motion simulations to verify both the functionality and durability of the robotic system. Design methodologies are articulated, alongside simulation tests that evaluate the arm’s operational performance. Proposed enhancements aim to optimize harvesting efficiency while minimizing potential damage to crops. The robotic arm is equipped with an adaptive gripper, engineered to adjust to various fruit sizes, ensuring delicate and precise manipulation during the harvesting process. This work establishes a robust foundation for the advancement of robotic systems in agricultural contexts, contributing to improved productivity and sustainability in fruit harvesting operations.

The evaluation of machine unlearning has become increasingly significant as machine learning systems face growing demands for privacy, security, and regulatory compliance. This paper focuses on categorizing and analyzing evaluation metrics for machine unlearning, essential for assessing the success of unlearning processes. We divide the metrics into three key dimensions: unlearning effectiveness, unlearning efficiency, and model utility. Unlearning effectiveness examines the degree to which data is removed from the model, utilizing methods such as data removal completeness, privacy leakage detection, and perturbation analysis to ensure thorough data erasure. Unlearning efficiency considers metrics like time to unlearn, computational cost, and scalability, which are crucial for maintaining system performance in real-time environments. Model utility metrics, including accuracy retention, robustness, and fairness, ensure that unlearning does not compromise the model’s predictive capabilities. Through this categorization, we present a comprehensive framework for evaluating machine unlearning, providing a foundation for developing unlearning techniques that balance privacy, performance, and regulatory needs across diverse industries, particularly finance.

Chronic wounds remain a major challenge in healthcare, with conventional dressings often leading to infections and lacking advanced healing capabilities. This study evaluated the wound healing potential of NIMO-CH, a cellulose hydrogel derived from nipa fronds and enriched with indigenous microorganisms, particularly Lacticaseibacillus paracasei BCRC-16100. Using ICR mice with excisional wounds, three treatments were compared: no treatment, NIMO-CH, and DuoDERM. Results showed that NIMO-CH and DuoDERM both achieved 100% wound closure, with NIMO-CH-treated wounds showing complete healing with hair growth by day 18-20, while untreated wounds healed by day 20. Minimal scarring was observed in both NIMO-CH and DuoDERM groups. Histological analysis confirmed similar healing processes, including granulation tissue formation and moderate inflammatory responses, with no significant differences in collagen fiber orientation. Furthermore, genome sequencing revealed that Lacticaseibacillus paracasei BCRC-16100 contained genes sodA and gsiC, responsible for coding enzymes necessary for the wound healing process. These results suggest that NIMO-CH could be an effective alternative for wound care applications.

As an important element of methane prevention in mining facilities, measurements of concentration serve to obtain information about methane hazards. Information about methane concentration must be linked to the place and time of its occurrence to create valuable data for ongoing hazard analysis. The article presents the results of a methane hazard analysis based on an airflow and methane concentration model, validated using measurement data. Subsequently, simulations of crew movement and the operation of individual methane detectors working according to the algorithms of the Methane Hazard Detection System were conducted based on this model.

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a progressive, degenerative brain disorder that impairs memory and thinking skills, leading to significant economic and humanistic burdens. It is associated with various neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPSs) such as anxiety, agitation, depression, aggression, apathy, and psychosis. NPSs are common in patients with AD, affecting up to 97% of individuals diagnosed with AD. The severity of NPS is linked to disease progression and cognitive decline. NPS in Alzheimer’s disease leads to increased morbidity, mortality, caregiver burden, earlier nursing home placement, and higher healthcare costs. Despite their significant impact, clinical research on NPS in AD is limited. In clinical settings, accurately distinguishing and diagnosing NPS related to AD remains a challenge. Additionally, conventional treatments for NPS in AD are often ineffective, highlighting the need for new therapies that target these specific symptoms. Understanding these comorbidities can aid in early diagnosis and better management of AD. In this review, we provide a summary of the various neurological and psychiatric symptoms (NPSs) associated with AD and new candidates under development for the treatment of NPSs based on their therapeutic targets and mechanisms. On top of the conventional NPSs studied far, this review adds recent advancements in the understanding of social functional impairment in AD. This review also provides information that can contribute to the advancement of studies and translational research in this field by emphasizing therapeutic targets and mechanism of action focused on AD-related NPS, rather than conventional mechanisms targeted in AD drug development. Above all, considering the relative lack of research in this new field despite the importance of clinical, medical, and translational research, it may increase interest in NPSs in AD, its pathophysiological mechanisms, and potential therapeutic candidates such as molecules with antioxidant potential.

Background/Objectives: With the increasing prevalence of Crohn’s disease (CD), treatment op-tions for patients who fail conventional and advanced therapy are highly needed. Therefore, we explored the safety and efficacy of extracorporeal photopheresis (ECP) using 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) and blue light (405 nm). Methods: Patients with active CD who failed or were intolerant to biological therapy were eligi-ble. Mononuclear cells (90 mL) were collected from each patient using a Spectra Optia® apheresis system and diluted with 100 mL of 0.9% sodium chloride in a collection bag. The cells were in-cubated with ALA at a concentration of 3 millimolar (mM) for 60 minutes ex vivo and illumina-tion with a LED blue-light (405 nm) source (BLUE-PIT®) before reinfusion to the patient. Vital signs and adverse events were regularly performed. At week 13 we assessed the patients with colonoscopy, the Harvey Bradshaw Index (HBI), the Inflammatory Bowel disease Health Related Quality of Life Questionnaire, and measurement of serum C-reactive protein, and fecal calprotec-tin (FC) levels. Biopsies of the intestines were taken for immunohistochemistry. Results: Seven patients were included. Four patients completed, with in total 24 treatments. Three of the four achieved a response, including lower HBI, FC and/or endoscopic improvement. No significant adverse events were observed. The remaining three patients received only one, three or five treatments due to technical difficulties, medical reasons, or the withdrawal of informed con-sent. Conclusion: ALA-based ECP appears safe and seem to give some clinical improvement for the patients with active CD who failed to respond to conventional and advanced therapies.

Some vessels do not comply with maritime rules, particularly in port and safety zones; they must be detected to avoid incidents. Due to background noise and congestion interference at the sea surface, it is difficult to accurately detect these vessels when it is getting dark, especially smaller ones. For these reasons, this paper proposes and develops an improved multi-structural mor-phology (IMSM) approach to eliminate all this noise and interference. The vessel target is sepa-rated from the sea surface backdrop using weighted morphological filtering of many groups of structural components. Then, the neighborhood-based adaptive fast median filtering is used to filter out impulse noise. Finally, the characteristic morphological model of the vessel target is established using the connected domain; this permits eliminating the sea surface congestion and locating vessels movement in real-time. Multiple tests were carried out in a small and discon-tinuous area of the vessel’s inter-frame motion. The results of many groups of data collected show that the proposed approach can effectively eliminate the background noise and congestion in-terference in the monitoring video. The detection accuracy rate and the processing time have increased by approximately 3.91% and 1.14s, respectively.

This case study explores the impact of moderate-intensity exercise on a 35-year-old male novice runner diagnosed with Crohn's Disease (CD). Initially, his symptoms were managed with probiotics and rifaximin, but he experienced a resurgence after a COVID-19 infection, leading to treatment with budesonide. Despite initial hesitation, the patient resumed moderate-intensity running (60-80% VO2 max) after achieving remission. His bowel function, energy levels, and overall well-being improved significantly with exercise. This case suggests that structured physical activity can be beneficial for managing CD and maintaining remission, even amidst fluctuating symptoms and inflammatory markers. It supports the idea that moderate-intensity exercise, when carefully managed, does not inherently worsen the condition and can enhance quality of life. These findings advocate for personalized exercise programs as part of CD management, though further research is needed to establish comprehensive guidelines and evaluate the long-term effects of different exercise intensities on Crohn's Disease.

Background: Anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) is a common procedure for cervical radiculopathy and myelopathy. Severe obesity (BMI ≥40 or BMI ≥35 with comorbidities) is associ-ated with increased perioperative risks. This study examines the impact of severe obesity on out-comes in patients undergoing single-level ACDF. Methods :Data from the Nationwide Inpatient Sample (2016-2019) were analyzed, including 85,585 patients who underwent single-level ACDF. Patients were classified as severely obese (n = 4,935) or non-obese (n = 80,650). Outcomes such as length of stay, complications, and in-hospital mortali-ty were compared using SPSS and MATLAB, with a significance level of p < 0.05. Results: Severely obese patients were younger (54 vs. 55.7 years, p < 0.001) and had more comor-bidities like type 2 diabetes (38% vs. 17.8%, p < 0.001) and obstructive sleep apnea (31.1% vs. 9.5%, p < 0.001). They experienced longer hospital stays (1.92 vs. 1.65 days, p < 0.001) but similar in-hospital mortality (0.1%, p = 0.506). Severe obesity was linked to higher odds of complications, the risk of developing dehiscence was 8.2 times higher in severely obese patients. Respiratory failure had an odds ratio of 6.5, while myocardial infarction showed an odds ratio of 5.5. Horner syn-drome was 4.7 times more likely to occur, and pulmonary edema had an odds ratio of 4.5. Dural tear risk was also significantly elevated, with an odds ratio of 4.1.The risk of developing acute kid-ney injury were 2.6 times higher, while the risk of pulmonary embolism was 2.5 times higher. Dysphonia was also more common in severely obese patients, with an odds ratio of 2.2. Conclusion: Severe obesity is associated with higher complication rates and longer hospital stays following ACDF. Tailored perioperative management is essential to mitigate risks and improve outcomes in this high-risk population.

The influence of climate conditions and stable design on horses housed in single stalls can have significant effects, especially in regions with tropical savannah climates. A recent study observed variations in autonomic responses in horses housed in different stable designs during the summer, but there is limited information about their conditions during the monsoon. This study investigated the stable microenvironment and autonomic regulation of horses housed in different stable archi-tectures during the monsoon in a tropical savannah environment. Twenty-two horses were allo-cated to one of three stable architectures, each with varying stable microenvironments. The findings reveal that the heart rate variability (HRV) was lower in horses in a stable with a solid external wall and lower volume-to-horse ratio compared to those in a stable with a solid external wall but a higher volume-to-horse ratio or one without a solid external wall. Additionally, the study found that stable microenvironments and HRV modulation were correlated with stable architecture. Autonomic responses differed among horses in different stable architectures, indicating that stable microen-vironments and, to some extent, volume-to-horse ratio play a role in horses’ autonomic regulation. The findings have implications for improvements in housing and welfare in tropical savannah environments.

High-resolution in-situ CT measurements in the (sub-)$\upmu$m range are typically only feasible in synchrotron facilities, as the use of a conventional loading stage in laboratory CTs with a cone beam source does not permit a corresponding geometric magnification. This publication presents a CT system with a novel concept that allows spatial resolutions down to 0.5 $\upmu$m on the one hand, and on the other hand is able to apply loads up to 5 kN in compression and tension direction to the sample during the measurement. This leads to a challenging design of the system with regard to the required precision of the mechanical setup, if measurements close to the theoretically possible magnification can be carried out successfully. The components utilized are presented, along with the requisite considerations and methodologies. It can be demonstrated that the intended specifications with regard to precision and quality are met. Finally, a complex measurement problem in materials science is presented as an illustrative example that demonstrates the potential of the system described.

The textile and clothing (T&amp;C) industry, despite its significant contribution to the European economy, is one of the most polluting industries globally. Therefore, the EU's Green Deal has identified the T&amp;C sector as a strategic area for allocating public funding and transitioning towards a circular economy (CE). In this context, the “Circular Design for Natural Fibers” project, financed by the PNRR MICS “Made in Italy Circolare e Sostenibile” programme, focuses on enhancing the use of natural fibrous material, related by-products and waste from local production chains. In the research, a crucial aspect is the evaluation of the effectiveness of circularity through life cycle approaches, such as LCA, LCC, S-LCA and LCSA, for environmental, economic and social sustainability evaluation, respectively. A systematic review was carried out, to provide a synthesis of the available scientific evidence regarding the life cycle approaches in the international/national context within the production, processing, and post-consumer supply chains of natural fibers. The study identifies gaps in the literature on life cycle evaluation approaches for natural fibers. Specifically, the LCA approach appears preponderant compared to the others. The paper offers insights for researchers and professionals interested in improving the sustainability of natural fiber production processes and the evaluation of their overall sustainability.

Background/Objectives: Vascular invasion, especially extramural vascular invasion (EMVI) has emerged as prognostic parameter for rectal cancer (RC) in recent years. Prediction of reccurence and metastases development poses a significant challenge for oncologists, needing markers for prediction of adverse outcome. The aim of this study was to examine the prognostic significance of pathohistologically detected EMVI in untreated rectal cancer and its implications in separate reporting. Methods: We examined 100 untreated RC patients who underwent curative resection from January 2016 to June 2018 with follow up of 5 years. Patients were divided in equal EMVI- and EMVI+ groups based on histological re-examination of H&E stained postoperative surgical samples. Results: The presence of EMVI within the selected cohort was significantly associated with female gender, T3/T4 and N1/N2 post-operative stages, positive lymph nodes, lymph node ratio LNR2 and LNR3 groups, abundant tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes, positive lympho-vascular invasion (LVI), perineural (PNI), and circumferential resection margin (CRM) (p<0.05 in all tests). Within EMVI+ patients, local recurrences and/or metastases, and death outcomes were more frequent events (p=0.029 and p=0.035, respectively), while survival analyses revealed that EMVI+ patients had significantly shorter overall survival (OS, p=0.040) and disease-free survival (DFS, p=0.028). Concerning LVI, differences in OS between LVI+ and LVI- patients were not statistically significant (p=0.068), while LVI+ patients had significantly shorter DFS (p=0.024). Moreover, univariate COX regression analysis demonstrated the negative impact of EMVI on OS (HR: 2.053, 95% CI: 1.015-4.152; p=0.045) and DFS (HR: 2.106, 95% CI: 1.066-4.870; p=0.038), which was not the case for LVI+ RC patients. Conclusions: Obtained results strongly suggest significance of separate reporting of EMVI from lympho-vascular invasion, as it is potentially a surogate marker for adverse prognosis and outcome.

The Leave-One-Out (LOO) Green Fluorescent Protein (GFP) approach to biosensor design com-bines computational protein design with split protein reconstitution. LOO-GFPs reversibly fold and gain fluorescence upon encountering its target peptide, which can be redefined by computa-tional design of the LOO site. Such an approach can be used to create reusable biosensors for the early detection of emerging biological threats. Enlightening biophysical inferences for nine LOO-GFP biosensor libraries are presented, with target sequences from dengue, influenza, or HIV, replacing beta strands 7, 8 or 11. An initially low hit rate was traced to components of the energy function, manifesting in the over-rewarding of over-tight side chain packing. Also, screening by colony picking required a low library complexity, but designing a biosensor against a peptide of at least 12 residues requires a high complexity library. This double-bind was solved using a "piecemeal" iterative design strategy. Also, designed LOO-GFPs fluoresced in the unbound state due to unwanted dimerization, but this was solved by fusing a fully functional prototype LOO-GFP to a fiber-forming protein, Drosophila ultrabithorax, creating a biosensor fiber. One in-fluenza hemagglutinin biosensor is characterized here in detail, showing a shifted excita-tion/emission spectrum, a micromolar affinity for the target peptide, and an unexpected pho-to-switching ability.

During a survey of marine biodiversity in the deep-sea off northeastern Guam, two marine desmoscolecid nematodes belonging to the subgenus Tricoma were discovered. Tricoma (Tricoma) disparseta sp. nov. was described based on specimens collected from sponge and starfish habitats on a seamount at depths ranging from 1300 to 1500 meters. T. (T.) disparseta sp. nov. is distinguished by having 59 to 62 main rings, 9 to 10 subdorsal setae, and 14 to 18 subventral setae on each side. Notable features include the differentiation in length and insertion between subdorsal and subventral setae, and a curved, hooked gubernaculum. The specimen of T. (T.) longirostris observed in this study closely resembles previously reported specimens, characterized by 78 main rings, a long and narrow head shape, 8 to 9 subdorsal setae, 14 to 15 subventral setae, and a gubernaculum with a knobbed apophysis. The morphological characteristics and detailed illustrations of two Tricoma species from the Northwest Pacific Ocean were documented using differential interference contrast microscopy (DIC) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Furthermore, pictorial keys and comparative tables are presented for species exhibiting 50 to 64 main rings, aiding in their identification and differentiation.

The article addresses the problem of course development in virtual teaching and learning spaces by teachers to support blended learning in the Ecuadorian unified baccalaureate. For this purpose, a documentary analysis of 465 papers selected by a search in Scopus and Google Scholar about blended learning and 145 papers selected by a search in Scopus and Google Scholar about development of virtual courses was carried out. The definition of the first concept is qualitatively different from the previous ones by analysing it as a form of organisation and assessing the configuration of face-to-face and distance learning depending on the educational objective. The second concept defined presents the unrepeatable and unique character of each course given by the configuration of its digital resources, the characteristics of these resources and the new qualities that are conferred on them. Subsequently, based on them, the methodology that contributed to the development of courses in virtual spaces as a support to blended learning is proposed. Unlike other methodologies, the proposal explicitly states its conceptual apparatus and the necessary requirements for its introduction in an educational organization. It incorporates important actions that do not appear in other methodologies such as cross-cutting processes including quality assurance with its corresponding metrics, maintenance, recall and evaluation of previous actions.

Background and Objectives: Daratumumab, a monoclonal antibody against CD38, has shown promising results in multiple myeloma (MM). We aimed to analyze its efficacy in newly diagnosed patients with MM. Materials and Methods: A search was conducted in PubMed, Cochrane, and Clinicaltrials.gov using the MeSH terms “daratumumab” or “Darzalex” and “multiple myeloma” covering the period until 2024. The Mantel-Haenzel formula was used to calculate the pooled risk ratio (RR), and the Generic Inverse Variance method was used to determine the pooled hazard ratio for disease progression, using RevMan version 5.4 at 95% confidence interval (CI). A P value of less than 0.05 was significant. Results: A total of 6 phase-III RCTs were analyzed. The use of daratumumab was associated with 39% fewer events of progression of disease or deaths in the TE group (RR= 0.61; 95% CI= 0.39 to 0.93; p=0.02) and 29% lower in the TIE group (RR= 0.71; 95% CI= 0.53 to 0.94; p=0.02). The hazard ratio for progression or death with daratumumab group versus control in both transplant eligible (TE) (HR= 0.44; 95% CI= 0.35 to 0.57; p&lt;0.00001) or transplant ineligible (TIE) (HR= 0.47; 95% CI= 0.38 to 0.59; p&lt;0.00001) group was significantly lower. Daratumumab significantly increased overall response rate (ORR) (RR= 1.20; 95% CI= 1.11 to 1.30 ; p&lt;0.00001) and complete response (CR) (RR= 1.34; 95% CI= 1.02 to 1.76; p=0.04) in the TIE group only. Conclusions: Daratumumab showed benefits in both TE and TIE patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma. It significantly reduced the risk of disease progression or death and improved clinical outcomes regarding ORR and CR, suggesting an effective treatment option in these patient groups.

Background/Objectives: Peer relationships are critical in the development of positive mental health during childhood and adolescence. Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms can adversely affect the development of positive peer relationships, and thus, have significant long-term implications for mental health. This study explored long-term relationships between ADHD symptoms, peer relationships and mental health in Western Australian adolescents. Methods: Participants were 1246 Western Australian young people, n=507 males and n=739 females (mean ages 14.05 and 14.52 years respectively). Data were collected at three timepoints across three successive years. Participants completed measures of ADHD symptoms and existing peer problems in the first year; five measures of peer relationships in the second year; and four measures of mental health in the third year. Multiple regression and path analyses were used to determine whether ADHD symptoms predicted scores on the peer relationship and mental health measures, and whether peer relationships mediated links observed between ADHD symptoms and mental health. Results: ADHD symptoms significantly predicted both long-term problematic peer relationships and long-term adverse mental health outcomes. Three peer relationship variables were significant mediators of relationships between ADHD symptoms and mental health: sense of belonging, friendships and perceived isolation. Conclusions: ADHD symptoms significantly predict poor peer relationships and adverse mental health outcomes in Western Australian youth, regardless of whether a formal diagnosis has been assigned. Early interventions for young people with ADHD symptoms are needed for such individuals to enjoy positive mental health in their adult years.

Background: The Shingrix vaccine helps prevent shingles and its complications in adults 50 and older. While minor side effects are common, severe adverse reactions are thought to be rare, and long-term side effects are not well documented. Case Presentation: A 50-year-old woman with Crohn's disease developed joint pain, effusion, and neurological symptoms such as numbness and tingling shortly after receiving the first dose of Shingrix. Symptoms waxed and waned but persisted for over a year despite anti-inflammatories and specialist referrals. Diagnostic imaging and labs were unrevealing. Conclusion: This case of prolonged somatic and neurological symptoms associ-ated temporally with Shingrix administration reinforces the critical need for thorough pharma-covigilance and investigation of possible long-term adverse vaccine reactions. Provider documen-tation and reporting of individual experiences can help improve the detection of rare vaccine-related risks, elucidate potential risk factors, and refine safety screening. Diligent monitoring and research into longitudinal vaccine outcomes remain paramount, especially following recent emergency au-thorizations.

The aim of the experiment was to investigate how induced stress can affect skin welfare of broodstock of lumpfish. From a population of approx. 300 fish of 1587 g (SEM ± 704 g), a sub-population of 20 fish were injected with 30 mg/kg fish cortisol implants 5 January 2018. The control group was not treated with implants. The stress-induced cortisol implant group showed elevated plasma cortisol over a period of approximately one month. Analyses of mucus cell area and density suggested that induced stress could produce a positive functional response (stimulus) in lumpfish early in the experiment, through a gentle increase in the barrier strength of the skin, and reduced mucus cell size and increased density of mucous cells, resulting in a strengthening of the respiratory capacity of the gills. Mucous cell density and calculated barrier strength in the skin were significantly negatively correlated with plasma cortisol, while in the gill filaments of females there was a significant negative correlation between mucous cell density and estrogen levels. The reduced volumetric density of "empty" cells (Q cells) after stress inducement indicates that these cells are important for the maintenance of homeostasis. The fish in this experiment were considered more robust compared to previous analyses on smaller lumpfish.

Fusarium solani KMZW-1, is recognized for its potential as a biocontrol agent against agricultural and forestry pests, particularly due to its compatibility with integrated pest management (IPM) strategies. This study aimed to investigate the complete genome of F. solani KMZW-1 and assess its pathogenicity against Bactrocera dorsalis. Whole genome sequencing revealed a genome size of 47,239,278 bp, comprising 27 contigs, with a GC content of 51.16% and fungus identified as F. solani KMZW-1. The genome completeness was assessed as 97.93% using BUSCO analysis, DFVF sequence identifier was Fusarium 0G092560.1, AntiSMASH analysis identified 29 gene clusters associated with secondary metabolite biosynthesis providing insights into the genetic basis of its pathogenic mechanisms and biocontrol potential. Comparative genomic analysis found 269 unique genes of F. solani KMZW-1 and the collinearity analysis exhibited a high degree of synteny with Fusarium solani-melongenae. The pathogenicity of F. solani KMZW-1 was assessed using concentrations ranging from 1×10^4 to 1×10^11 conidia/mL. Higher concentrations (1×10^10 to 1×10^11 conidia/mL), resulted in significantly increased cumulative mortality rates of B. dorsalis adults compared to the control group. Notably, the pathogenicity was higher in male adults than in females. Probit regression analysis yielded LogLC50 values as 5.662 for fe-male and 4.486 for male B. dorsalis adults. In summary, F. solani KMZW-1 exhibits strong insecti-cidal activity against B. dorsalis and shows potential as a biocontrol agent with IPM strategies. These findings provide robust genomic evidence supporting the use of F. solani KMZW-1 in managing against B. dorsalis populations.

Introduction: The advancement of nursing science and practice necessitates the documentation of information, which is increasingly being recorded in electronic mediums due to the progress of information technology. Various countries around the world have implemented electronic nursing records (ENRs) or are in a process of implementing it. This study aims to ascertain the significance of electronic nursing records and consolidate their primary benefits for nursing. Methods: The study utilized an established scoping review methodology (Arksey and O‘Malley protocol; JBI method; PRISMA 2020). Results: Out of 6970 initial articles extracted from 4 databases, 36 were included in the study. Several essential elements for structuring, introducing, and emphasizing the importance of ENRs have been recognized, including the availability of standardized terminology, enhancement of nursing care quality, advancement of research activity, integration with electronic systems, optimization of healthcare, and conditions for ENR integration. Conclusion: Electronic nursing records are indispensable and beneficial for enhancing care quality, improving patient safety, and affirming the autonomy of the nursing profession.

Additive Manufacturing (AM) plays a vital role in rapid prototyping. Polylactic acid (PLA), a biomass thermoplastic monomer made from corn starch is the most used filament material in AM. Due to the strength requirement of haptic device prototypes, there is a need to carefully explore all parameters that could enhance the performance of printed parts. This study considered three printing parameters: printing speed, infill density, and layer thickness on three levels each. A tensile test according to ASTM D638 was performed on each. Statistical analysis was done to investigate the influence of each of the parameters on maximum tensile stress, load at maximum tensile stress, and Modulus respectively for each sample. Subsequently, a regression analysis was performed. The sample with an Infill density of 15%, printing speed of 70mm/s, and 0.1mm layer thickness exhibited the highest tensile strength. However, it was discovered further that the infill density has the highest influence on the mechanical properties of the 3D printed PLA material in tensile testing. The chart of the mechanical properties and the parameter configurations were also presented to assist in selecting printing parameters for desired mechanical properties.

Our objective in this work is to demonstrate how Physics-Informed Neural Networks, a type of deep learning technology, can be utilized to examine the mechanical properties of a helicopter blade. The blade is regarded as a prismatic cantilever beam that is exposed to triangular loading, and comprehending its mechanical behavior is of utmost importance in the aerospace field. PINNs utilize the physical information, including differential equations and boundary conditions, within the loss function of the neural network to approximate the solution. Our approach determines the overall loss by aggregating the losses from the differential equation, boundary conditions, and data. We employed a Physics-Informed Neural Network (PINN) and an Artificial Neural Network (ANN) with equivalent hyperparameters to solve a fourth-order differential equation. By comparing the performance of the PINN model against the analytical solution of the equation and the results obtained from the ANN model, we have conclusively shown that the PINN model exhibits superior accuracy, robustness, and computational efficiency when addressing high-order differential equations that govern physics-based problems. In conclusion, the study demonstrates that PINN offers a superior alternative for addressing solid mechanics problems with applications in the aerospace industry.

As global economic integration and rapid technological advancements transform international business, international engineering contracting has become essential for achieving sustainable development goals (SDGs). This paper investigates the significant impact of China’s strategic initiatives, notably the "Going Global" strategy and the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI), on the operational practices of Chinese enterprises involved in overseas investments. Central to this transformation is the Engineering, Procurement, and Construction (EPC) model, which emphasizes the integration of supply chain management and stakeholder collaboration to enhance performance in international EPC projects and underscores the crucial role of these elements in promoting sustainability. Incorporating insights from social network data analysis, this study reveals that contractors collaborating with various stakeholders—such as owners/consulting engineers, domestic and foreign customs departments, and group headquarters/design parties—exhibit a high degree of similarity in personnel profiles. This suggests that the internal organizational structure and personnel allocation of contractors could be optimized to enhance operational efficiency, aligning with the collaborative patterns identified. This study addresses a critical research gap by exploring how effective supply chain management and collaborative stakeholder engagement within multinational EPC projects contribute to sustainable outcomes. Employing advanced social network analysis software, the research examines the complex interactions among stakeholders and their influence on procurement dynamics. Findings indicate that strong relational networks and strategic collaborations significantly enhance procurement efficiency and project success, underscoring the importance of supply chain integration. Ultimately, integrating supply chain management principles into the EPC model not only offers innovative perspectives for advancing sustainability in international projects but also provides actionable insights for improving project outcomes within the BRI framework. This research underscores the pivotal role of supply chain organization and stakeholder cooperation in achieving sustainability objectives, thereby enriching the discourse on sustainable enterprise operation and supply chain management in the context of global initiatives.

The global meat industry has grown substantially, producing 357.39 million tons in 2021, with poultry and pork comprising nearly 73% of this total. However, contamination by mycotoxins, such as zearalenone (ZEA) and fumonisin B1 (FB1), presents a major issue, as these toxins resist common preservation methods. This study explores the potential of bioprotective microorganisms in mycotoxin degradation and fungal control within the animal food production chain, a sector facing significant challenges due to fungal contamination. In this study, 23 bacterial and yeast strains were tested for their ability to degrade ZEA and FB1, and to inhibit mycotoxigenic fungi. Four bacterial strains were highly effective in degrading ZEA: Bacillus amyloliquefaciens MLB3, Bacillus subtilis MLB2, Bacillus velezensis CL197, and Streptomyces griseus CECT 3276. However, no strain achieved satisfactory FB1 degradation. The strains also displayed antifungal activity, inhibiting up to 100% of fungi growth in solid media co-culture tests. Simulated swine and poultry digestion demonstrated complete ZEA degradation after 2 hours of incubation. Metabolite analysis revealed that low-toxicity conjugates were formed. These findings suggest that these bacteria hold significant promise for biotechnological applications in animal production, helping to reduce mycotoxin contamination, improve food safety, and protect both animal and human health.

In this study, we introduce an innovative framework for multimodal learning that leverages enhanced fusion gate units within gated neural network architectures. The proposed Fusion Gate Unit (FGU) serves as a pivotal component in neural network designs, aiming to derive a comprehensive intermediate representation by amalgamating data from diverse modalities. The FGU is adept at determining the extent to which each modality influences the unit's activation through the utilization of multiplicative gating mechanisms. We conducted evaluations on a multilabel genre classification task for movies, utilizing both plot summaries and poster images as input modalities. The results demonstrate that the FGU significantly elevates the macro F-score compared to single-modality approaches and surpasses existing fusion techniques, including mixture of experts models. Additionally, we present the MM-IMDb dataset alongside this publication, which, to our knowledge, represents the most extensive publicly accessible multimodal dataset for movie genre prediction to date. This dataset is expected to facilitate further research and development in the field of multimodal information processing.

Human papillomavirus (HPV) is a well-known cause of cervical cancer, with HIV infection exacerbating the prevalence of high-risk HPV (HR-HPV) and cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN). ART has been shown to reduce the likelihood of developing squamous intraepithelial lesions (SILs) and HR-HPV prevalence, although its impact on invasive cervical cancer remains inconclusive. In a study in Accra, 250 sexually active HIV-positive women exhibited a high HPV prevalence, emphasising the need for regular screening. HPV testing, visual inspection with acetic acid (VIA), and cytology-based tests are primary screening methods, each with specific advantages and limitations. Cervical cancer rates in sub-Saharan Africa are alarmingly high, necessitating targeted vaccination and prevention strategies.

This paper presents a new theory explaining the pathological mechanisms of multiple sclerosis (MS). MS is triggered by persistently activated immune cells, mainly B cells, as in reactivated Epstein-Barr virus infection. Activated immune cells release cytokines, the main one here being TNFa. A major role of TNFa is to support immune cell motility and tissue penetration, by promoting the breakdown of ceramide products that stabilize membranes (sphingomyelin (SPM) and galactosylceramide (GalCer)), by stimulating membrane breakdown via ceramide 1-phosphate-induced liberation of arachidonic acid, and by promoting the production of sphingosine 1-phosphate, a ceramide product that promotes immune motility. These ceramide products are expressed in endothelial cells, including the blood-brain barrier, and have a large presence in myelin. Thus, excessive cytokine release both allows immune penetration into the brain, and impairs existing myelin sheaths. SPM and GalCer are essential for myelin maintenance but not for its synthesis, explaining the dominant relapsing-remitting nature of the disease. The theory is supported by diverse evidence, and supports modern B cell-based treatment directions.

Organisms from the genus Streptomyces feature actinobacteria with complex developmental cycle and great ability to produce a variety of natural products, which is possible due to complicated crosstalk between primary and secondary metabolism. These soil bacteria produce more than 2/3 of antibiotics used in medicine, and a large variety of bioactive compounds for industry and agricultural use. Although Streptomyces spp. have been studied for decades, the engineering of these bacteria remains challenging, and available genetic tools rather limited. Recent advancements in genetic manipulation of Streptomyces involving proposal of CRISPR/Cas9-based workflows as well as synthetic components (e.g. promoters, ribosome-binding sites, terminators, reporter genes) allowed to facilitate the turnaround time of strain engineering, but still has strain-specific limitations. However, a new perspective offered by synthetic biology to exploit the potential of existing and novel pathways in primary and secondary metabolism allows combining of different biosynthetic steps originating from diverse bacteria using a limited toolbox. Manipulation of interplay between primary and secondary metabolism proposes strategies to overcome strain-specific difficulties in engineering, leveraging insights in Streptomyces-specific physiological features. In this review, developments of these approaches for Streptomyces engineering are discussed and an overview of the synthetic biology developments is provided.

"Politography" refers to the study or portrayal of political events, figures, and systems. It is used to analyze political trends, to visualize data, and create a data driven narrative. Decision support tools (DST) for policy makers tend to be narrowly defined in terms of specific domain applications. In this work, we describe the design and construction of a DST related to intergroup conflict management and resolution, focused on the Israeli-Palestinian conflict. It provides a case study that can be generalized to other applications. The DST, labeled T-Politography, integrates over 9000 indicators pertaining to the Israeli-Palestinian conflict, in a hierarchical structure that begins with the specific geographical areas influenced by the Israeli-Palestinian conflict. These include geographical areas: A, B, and C in the West Bank and East Jerusalem. The designated areas have distinct legal status specified in the 1993 Oslo Accords between Israel and the Palestinians Authority (PA). The second level of the DST hierarchy consists of three domains that characterize Israeli and Palestinian levels of control, in each one of the geographic areas: security, geo-spatial, and economic. In addition, the T-Politography DST contains contextual data relevant to the Israeli and Palestinian control such as political, diplomatic, social, and legal domains. Each domain is designated as influencing either Israeli or Palestinian Authority (PA) control and is further subdivided into categories. For example, the geo-spatial domain is one of the categories covering Israeli demographics in Area C. Each category is represented by a set of specific indicators, e.g., Israeli birth rates in Area C.

This paper focuses on examining a new type of $n$-additive maps called the symmetric reverse $n$-derivations. As implied by its name, it combines the ideas of $n$-additive maps and reverse derivations, with a $1$-reverse derivation being the ordinary reverse derivation. We explore several findings that expand our knowledge of these maps, particularly their presence in semiprime rings and the way rings respond to specific functional identities involving elements of ideals. Also, we provide examples to help clarify the concept of symmetric reverse $n$-derivations. This study aims to deepen the understanding of these symmetric maps and their properties within mathematical structures.

Automatic speech recognition of native languages plays a crucial role in fostering inclusivity and preserving linguistic diversity. The Kashmiri language, an underrepresented Indo-Aryan dialect primarily spoken in the Kashmir Valley, poses substantial challenges for existing AI models due to its phonetic diversity and scant linguistic resources. This study addresses these hurdles by developing a robust spoken Kashmiri recognition system that employs dual feature extraction with spectrogram augmentation and a hybrid Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) and Gated Multi-Layer Perceptron (gMLP) model. Key to this endeavour is the creation of a high-fidelity dataset that captures the phonetic variations across Kashmiri dialects, focusing on twelve specific words. Through the integration of dual feature extraction, spectrogram augmentation, and the innovative hybrid modelling approach, our system attains an impressive 96% accuracy on the test dataset for classifying these twelve spoken words. This research not only enhances the generalization and resilience of spoken Kashmiri recognition systems but also represents a critical step towards advancing technology and safeguarding the Kashmiri language within this underrepresented linguistic domain.